merge from master

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
         with:
-          dotnet-version: 5.0.x
+          dotnet-version: 6.0.x
       - name: Ensure NuGet Source
         uses: fabriciomurta/ensure-nuget-source@v1
       - name: Get git short hash
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: dotnet test -c "${{ matrix.configuration }}"
       - name: Publish Ryujinx
-        run: dotnet publish -c "${{ matrix.configuration }}" -r "${{ matrix.DOTNET_RUNTIME_IDENTIFIER }}" -o ./publish /p:Version="1.0.0" /p:DebugType=embedded /p:SourceRevisionId="${{ steps.git_short_hash.outputs.result }}" /p:ExtraDefineConstants=DISABLE_UPDATER Ryujinx
+        run: dotnet publish -c "${{ matrix.configuration }}" -r "${{ matrix.DOTNET_RUNTIME_IDENTIFIER }}" -o ./publish /p:Version="1.0.0" /p:DebugType=embedded /p:SourceRevisionId="${{ steps.git_short_hash.outputs.result }}" /p:ExtraDefineConstants=DISABLE_UPDATER Ryujinx --self-contained
         if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
       - name: Publish Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
-        run: dotnet publish -c "${{ matrix.configuration }}" -r "${{ matrix.DOTNET_RUNTIME_IDENTIFIER }}" -o ./publish_sdl2_headless /p:Version="1.0.0" /p:DebugType=embedded /p:SourceRevisionId="${{ steps.git_short_hash.outputs.result }}" /p:ExtraDefineConstants=DISABLE_UPDATER Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
+        run: dotnet publish -c "${{ matrix.configuration }}" -r "${{ matrix.DOTNET_RUNTIME_IDENTIFIER }}" -o ./publish_sdl2_headless /p:Version="1.0.0" /p:DebugType=embedded /p:SourceRevisionId="${{ steps.git_short_hash.outputs.result }}" /p:ExtraDefineConstants=DISABLE_UPDATER Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2 --self-contained
         if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
       - name: Upload Ryujinx artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2

ARMeilleure/ARMeilleure.csproj

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="Mono.Posix.NETStandard" Version="1.0.0" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
   <ItemGroup>
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Common\Ryujinx.Common.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>

ARMeilleure/CodeGen/X86/CallingConvention.cs

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.CodeGen.X86
 
         public static CallConvName GetCurrentCallConv()
         {
-            return RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)
+            return OperatingSystem.IsWindows()
                 ? CallConvName.Windows
                 : CallConvName.SystemV;
         }

ARMeilleure/Decoders/OpCodeTable.cs

@@ -661,6 +661,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             SetA32("<<<<00010100xxxxxxxx00100100xxxx", InstName.Crc32cw, InstEmit32.Crc32cw, OpCode32AluReg.Create);
             SetA32("<<<<00010010xxxxxxxx00000100xxxx", InstName.Crc32h,  InstEmit32.Crc32h,  OpCode32AluReg.Create);
             SetA32("<<<<00010100xxxxxxxx00000100xxxx", InstName.Crc32w,  InstEmit32.Crc32w,  OpCode32AluReg.Create);
+            SetA32("<<<<0011001000001111000000010100", InstName.Csdb,    InstEmit32.Csdb,    OpCode32.Create);
             SetA32("1111010101111111111100000101xxxx", InstName.Dmb,     InstEmit32.Dmb,     OpCode32.Create);
             SetA32("1111010101111111111100000100xxxx", InstName.Dsb,     InstEmit32.Dsb,     OpCode32.Create);
             SetA32("<<<<0010001xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", InstName.Eor,     InstEmit32.Eor,     OpCode32AluImm.Create);
@@ -776,6 +777,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Decoders
             SetA32("<<<<00010001xxxx0000xxxx0xx1xxxx", InstName.Tst,     InstEmit32.Tst,     OpCode32AluRsReg.Create);
             SetA32("<<<<0111111xxxxxxxxxxxxxx101xxxx", InstName.Ubfx,    InstEmit32.Ubfx,    OpCode32AluBf.Create);
             SetA32("<<<<01110011xxxx1111xxxx0001xxxx", InstName.Udiv,    InstEmit32.Udiv,    OpCode32AluMla.Create);
+            SetA32("<<<<01100111xxxxxxxx11111001xxxx", InstName.Uhadd8,  InstEmit32.Uhadd8,  OpCode32AluReg.Create);
             SetA32("<<<<00000100xxxxxxxxxxxx1001xxxx", InstName.Umaal,   InstEmit32.Umaal,   OpCode32AluUmull.Create);
             SetA32("<<<<0000101xxxxxxxxxxxxx1001xxxx", InstName.Umlal,   InstEmit32.Umlal,   OpCode32AluUmull.Create);
             SetA32("<<<<0000100xxxxxxxxxxxxx1001xxxx", InstName.Umull,   InstEmit32.Umull,   OpCode32AluUmull.Create);

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitAlu32.cs

@@ -472,6 +472,24 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             EmitDiv(context, true);
         }
 
+        public static void Uhadd8(ArmEmitterContext context)
+        {
+            OpCode32AluReg op = (OpCode32AluReg)context.CurrOp;
+
+            Operand m = GetIntA32(context, op.Rm);
+            Operand n = GetIntA32(context, op.Rn);
+
+            Operand xor, res;
+
+            res = context.BitwiseAnd(m, n);
+            xor = context.BitwiseExclusiveOr(m, n);
+            xor = context.ShiftRightUI(xor, Const(1));
+            xor = context.BitwiseAnd(xor, Const(0x7F7F7F7Fu));
+            res = context.Add(res, xor);
+
+            SetIntA32(context, op.Rd, res);
+        }
+
         public static void Usat(ArmEmitterContext context)
         {
             OpCode32Sat op = (OpCode32Sat)context.CurrOp;

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitMemoryEx32.cs

@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             EmitClearExclusive(context);
         }
 
+        public static void Csdb(ArmEmitterContext context)
+        {
+            // Execute as no-op.
+        }
+
         public static void Dmb(ArmEmitterContext context) => EmitBarrier(context);
 
         public static void Dsb(ArmEmitterContext context) => EmitBarrier(context);

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstEmitSimdMemory32.cs

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                                         EmitLoadSimd(context, address, GetVecA32(dreg >> 1), dreg >> 1, rIndex++, op.Size);
                                     }
                                 }
-                            } 
+                            }
                             else
                             {
                                 EmitLoadSimd(context, address, GetVecA32(d >> 1), d >> 1, index, op.Size);
@@ -120,13 +120,13 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                     {
                         Operand m = GetIntA32(context, op.Rm);
                         SetIntA32(context, op.Rn, context.Add(n, m));
-                    } 
+                    }
                     else
                     {
                         SetIntA32(context, op.Rn, context.Add(n, Const(count * eBytes)));
                     }
                 }
-            } 
+            }
             else
             {
                 OpCode32SimdMemPair op = (OpCode32SimdMemPair)context.CurrOp;
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
                             }
                             else
                             {
-                                
+
                                 if (load)
                                 {
                                     EmitLoadSimd(context, address, GetVecA32(elemD >> 1), elemD >> 1, index, op.Size);
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
             int sReg = (op.DoubleWidth) ? (op.Vd << 1) : op.Vd;
             int offset = 0;
             int byteSize = 4;
-            
+
             for (int num = 0; num < range; num++, sReg++)
             {
                 Operand address = context.Add(baseAddress, Const(offset));

ARMeilleure/Instructions/InstName.cs

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
         Crc32ch,
         Crc32cw,
         Crc32cx,
+        Csdb,
         Csel,
         Csinc,
         Csinv,
@@ -541,6 +542,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Instructions
         Trap,
         Tst,
         Ubfx,
+        Uhadd8,
         Umaal,
         Umlal,
         Umull,

ARMeilleure/Signal/NativeSignalHandler.cs

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Signal
             {
                 if (_initialized) return;
 
-                bool unix = RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux) || RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.OSX);
+                bool unix = OperatingSystem.IsLinux() || OperatingSystem.IsMacOS();
                 ref SignalHandlerConfig config = ref GetConfigRef();
 
                 if (unix)

ARMeilleure/Signal/UnixSignalHandlerRegistration.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-using Mono.Unix.Native;
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.Signal
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Signal
 
     static class UnixSignalHandlerRegistration
     {
+        private const int SIGSEGV = 11;
         private const int SA_SIGINFO = 0x00000004;
 
         [DllImport("libc", SetLastError = true)]
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Signal
 
             sigemptyset(ref sig.sa_mask);
 
-            int result = sigaction((int)Signum.SIGSEGV, ref sig, out SigAction old);
+            int result = sigaction(SIGSEGV, ref sig, out SigAction old);
 
             if (result != 0)
             {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Signal
 
         public static bool RestoreExceptionHandler(SigAction oldAction)
         {
-            return sigaction((int)Signum.SIGSEGV, ref oldAction, out SigAction _) == 0;
+            return sigaction(SIGSEGV, ref oldAction, out SigAction _) == 0;
         }
     }
 }

ARMeilleure/Translation/Cache/JitCache.cs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.Cache
 
                 _cacheAllocator = new CacheMemoryAllocator(CacheSize);
 
-                if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
+                if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
                 {
                     JitUnwindWindows.InstallFunctionTableHandler(_jitRegion.Pointer, CacheSize, _jitRegion.Pointer + Allocate(PageSize));
                 }

ARMeilleure/Translation/PTC/Ptc.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         private const string OuterHeaderMagicString = "PTCohd\0\0";
         private const string InnerHeaderMagicString = "PTCihd\0\0";
 
-        private const uint InternalVersion = 2721; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
+        private const uint InternalVersion = 2908; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
 
         private const string ActualDir = "0";
         private const string BackupDir = "1";
@@ -960,10 +960,10 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
         {
             uint osPlatform = 0u;
 
-            osPlatform |= (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.FreeBSD) ? 1u : 0u) << 0;
-            osPlatform |= (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux)   ? 1u : 0u) << 1;
-            osPlatform |= (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.OSX)     ? 1u : 0u) << 2;
-            osPlatform |= (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows) ? 1u : 0u) << 3;
+            osPlatform |= (OperatingSystem.IsFreeBSD() ? 1u : 0u) << 0;
+            osPlatform |= (OperatingSystem.IsLinux()   ? 1u : 0u) << 1;
+            osPlatform |= (OperatingSystem.IsMacOS()   ? 1u : 0u) << 2;
+            osPlatform |= (OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? 1u : 0u) << 3;
 
             return osPlatform;
         }

README.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ The latest automatic build for Windows, macOS, and Linux can be found on the [Of
 
 If you wish to build the emulator yourself  you will need to:
 
-**Step one:** Install the X64 version of [.NET 5.0 (or higher) SDK](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet/5.0).
+**Step one:** Install the X64 version of [.NET 6.0 (or higher) SDK](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet/6.0).
 
 **Step two (choose one):**  
 **(Variant one)**

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.OpenAL/OpenALHardwareDeviceDriver.cs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.OpenAL
             }
         }
 
-        public IHardwareDeviceSession OpenDeviceSession(Direction direction, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat sampleFormat, uint sampleRate, uint channelCount)
+        public IHardwareDeviceSession OpenDeviceSession(Direction direction, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat sampleFormat, uint sampleRate, uint channelCount, float volume)
         {
             if (channelCount == 0)
             {
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.OpenAL
                 throw new ArgumentException($"{channelCount}");
             }
 
-            OpenALHardwareDeviceSession session = new OpenALHardwareDeviceSession(this, memoryManager, sampleFormat, sampleRate, channelCount);
+            OpenALHardwareDeviceSession session = new OpenALHardwareDeviceSession(this, memoryManager, sampleFormat, sampleRate, channelCount, volume);
 
             _sessions.TryAdd(session, 0);
 

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.OpenAL/OpenALHardwareDeviceSession.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.OpenAL
 
         private object _lock = new object();
 
-        public OpenALHardwareDeviceSession(OpenALHardwareDeviceDriver driver, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat requestedSampleFormat, uint requestedSampleRate, uint requestedChannelCount) : base(memoryManager, requestedSampleFormat, requestedSampleRate, requestedChannelCount)
+        public OpenALHardwareDeviceSession(OpenALHardwareDeviceDriver driver, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat requestedSampleFormat, uint requestedSampleRate, uint requestedChannelCount, float requestedVolume) : base(memoryManager, requestedSampleFormat, requestedSampleRate, requestedChannelCount)
         {
             _driver = driver;
             _queuedBuffers = new Queue<OpenALAudioBuffer>();
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.OpenAL
             _targetFormat = GetALFormat();
             _isActive = false;
             _playedSampleCount = 0;
+            SetVolume(requestedVolume);
         }
 
         private ALFormat GetALFormat()

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.OpenAL/Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.OpenAL.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2/Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2/SDL2HardwareDeviceDriver.cs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2
             return _pauseEvent;
         }
 
-        public IHardwareDeviceSession OpenDeviceSession(Direction direction, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat sampleFormat, uint sampleRate, uint channelCount)
+        public IHardwareDeviceSession OpenDeviceSession(Direction direction, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat sampleFormat, uint sampleRate, uint channelCount, float volume)
         {
             if (channelCount == 0)
             {
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2
                 throw new NotImplementedException("Input direction is currently not implemented on SDL2 backend!");
             }
 
-            SDL2HardwareDeviceSession session = new SDL2HardwareDeviceSession(this, memoryManager, sampleFormat, sampleRate, channelCount);
+            SDL2HardwareDeviceSession session = new SDL2HardwareDeviceSession(this, memoryManager, sampleFormat, sampleRate, channelCount, volume);
 
             _sessions.TryAdd(session, 0);
 

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2/SDL2HardwareDeviceSession.cs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2
         private float _volume;
         private ushort _nativeSampleFormat;
 
-        public SDL2HardwareDeviceSession(SDL2HardwareDeviceDriver driver, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat requestedSampleFormat, uint requestedSampleRate, uint requestedChannelCount) : base(memoryManager, requestedSampleFormat, requestedSampleRate, requestedChannelCount)
+        public SDL2HardwareDeviceSession(SDL2HardwareDeviceDriver driver, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat requestedSampleFormat, uint requestedSampleRate, uint requestedChannelCount, float requestedVolume) : base(memoryManager, requestedSampleFormat, requestedSampleRate, requestedChannelCount)
         {
             _driver = driver;
             _updateRequiredEvent = _driver.GetUpdateRequiredEvent();
@@ -37,16 +37,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2
             _nativeSampleFormat = SDL2HardwareDeviceDriver.GetSDL2Format(RequestedSampleFormat);
             _sampleCount = uint.MaxValue;
             _started = false;
-            _volume = 1.0f;
+            _volume = requestedVolume;
         }
 
         private void EnsureAudioStreamSetup(AudioBuffer buffer)
         {
-            bool needAudioSetup = _outputStream == 0 || ((uint)GetSampleCount(buffer) % _sampleCount) != 0;
+            uint bufferSampleCount = (uint)GetSampleCount(buffer);
+            bool needAudioSetup = _outputStream == 0 ||
+                (bufferSampleCount >= Constants.TargetSampleCount && bufferSampleCount < _sampleCount);
 
             if (needAudioSetup)
             {
-                _sampleCount = Math.Max(Constants.TargetSampleCount, (uint)GetSampleCount(buffer));
+                _sampleCount = Math.Max(Constants.TargetSampleCount, bufferSampleCount);
 
                 uint newOutputStream = SDL2HardwareDeviceDriver.OpenStream(RequestedSampleFormat, RequestedSampleRate, RequestedChannelCount, _sampleCount, _callbackDelegate);
 
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2
 
             if (frameCount == 0)
             {
-                // SDL2 left the responsability to the user to clear the buffer.
+                // SDL2 left the responsibility to the user to clear the buffer.
                 streamSpan.Fill(0);
 
                 return;
@@ -92,11 +94,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2
 
             _ringBuffer.Read(samples, 0, samples.Length);
 
-            samples.AsSpan().CopyTo(streamSpan);
-            streamSpan.Slice(samples.Length).Fill(0);
+            fixed (byte* p = samples)
+            {
+                IntPtr pStreamSrc = (IntPtr)p;
 
-            // Apply volume to written data
-            SDL_MixAudioFormat(stream, stream, _nativeSampleFormat, (uint)samples.Length, (int)(_volume * SDL_MIX_MAXVOLUME));
+                // Zero the dest buffer
+                streamSpan.Fill(0);
+
+                // Apply volume to written data
+                SDL_MixAudioFormat(stream, pStreamSrc, _nativeSampleFormat, (uint)samples.Length, (int)(_volume * SDL_MIX_MAXVOLUME));
+            }
 
             ulong sampleCount = GetSampleCount(samples.Length);
 

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo/Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo/SoundIoHardwareDeviceDriver.cs

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo
             return _pauseEvent;
         }
 
-        public IHardwareDeviceSession OpenDeviceSession(Direction direction, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat sampleFormat, uint sampleRate, uint channelCount)
+        public IHardwareDeviceSession OpenDeviceSession(Direction direction, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat sampleFormat, uint sampleRate, uint channelCount, float volume)
         {
             if (channelCount == 0)
             {
@@ -142,12 +142,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo
                 sampleRate = Constants.TargetSampleRate;
             }
 
+            volume = Math.Clamp(volume, 0, 1);
+
             if (direction != Direction.Output)
             {
                 throw new NotImplementedException("Input direction is currently not implemented on SoundIO backend!");
             }
 
-            SoundIoHardwareDeviceSession session = new SoundIoHardwareDeviceSession(this, memoryManager, sampleFormat, sampleRate, channelCount);
+            SoundIoHardwareDeviceSession session = new SoundIoHardwareDeviceSession(this, memoryManager, sampleFormat, sampleRate, channelCount, volume);
 
             _sessions.TryAdd(session, 0);
 

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo/SoundIoHardwareDeviceSession.cs

@@ -19,21 +19,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo
         private ManualResetEvent _updateRequiredEvent;
         private int _disposeState;
 
-        public SoundIoHardwareDeviceSession(SoundIoHardwareDeviceDriver driver, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat requestedSampleFormat, uint requestedSampleRate, uint requestedChannelCount) : base(memoryManager, requestedSampleFormat, requestedSampleRate, requestedChannelCount)
+        public SoundIoHardwareDeviceSession(SoundIoHardwareDeviceDriver driver, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat requestedSampleFormat, uint requestedSampleRate, uint requestedChannelCount, float requestedVolume) : base(memoryManager, requestedSampleFormat, requestedSampleRate, requestedChannelCount)
         {
             _driver = driver;
             _updateRequiredEvent = _driver.GetUpdateRequiredEvent();
             _queuedBuffers = new ConcurrentQueue<SoundIoAudioBuffer>();
             _ringBuffer = new DynamicRingBuffer();
 
-            SetupOutputStream();
+            SetupOutputStream(requestedVolume);
         }
 
-        private void SetupOutputStream()
+        private void SetupOutputStream(float requestedVolume)
         {
             _outputStream = _driver.OpenStream(RequestedSampleFormat, RequestedSampleRate, RequestedChannelCount);
             _outputStream.WriteCallback += Update;
-
+            _outputStream.Volume = requestedVolume;
             // TODO: Setup other callbacks (errors, ect).
 
             _outputStream.Open();

Ryujinx.Audio.Backends/Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.csproj

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
-
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
-    <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="OpenTK.NetStandard" Version="1.0.5.32" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Audio\Ryujinx.Audio.csproj" />
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Common\Ryujinx.Common.csproj" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <ContentWithTargetPath Include="SoundIo\Native\libsoundio\libs\libsoundio.dll">
-      <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
-      <TargetPath>libsoundio.dll</TargetPath>
-    </ContentWithTargetPath>
-    <ContentWithTargetPath Include="SoundIo\Native\libsoundio\libs\libsoundio.dylib">
-      <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
-      <TargetPath>libsoundio.dylib</TargetPath>
-    </ContentWithTargetPath>
-    <ContentWithTargetPath Include="SoundIo\Native\libsoundio\libs\libsoundio.so">
-      <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
-      <TargetPath>libsoundio.so</TargetPath>
-    </ContentWithTargetPath>
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-</Project>

Ryujinx.Audio/Backends/CompatLayer/CompatLayerHardwareDeviceDriver.cs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.CompatLayer
             };
         }
 
-        public IHardwareDeviceSession OpenDeviceSession(Direction direction, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat sampleFormat, uint sampleRate, uint channelCount)
+        public IHardwareDeviceSession OpenDeviceSession(Direction direction, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat sampleFormat, uint sampleRate, uint channelCount, float volume)
         {
             if (channelCount == 0)
             {
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.CompatLayer
                 sampleRate = Constants.TargetSampleRate;
             }
 
+            volume = Math.Clamp(volume, 0, 1);
+
             if (!_realDriver.SupportsDirection(direction))
             {
                 if (direction == Direction.Input)
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.CompatLayer
 
             uint hardwareChannelCount = SelectHardwareChannelCount(channelCount);
 
-            IHardwareDeviceSession realSession = _realDriver.OpenDeviceSession(direction, memoryManager, sampleFormat, sampleRate, hardwareChannelCount);
+            IHardwareDeviceSession realSession = _realDriver.OpenDeviceSession(direction, memoryManager, sampleFormat, sampleRate, hardwareChannelCount, volume);
 
             if (hardwareChannelCount == channelCount)
             {

Ryujinx.Audio/Backends/Dummy/DummyHardwareDeviceDriver.cs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.Dummy
             _pauseEvent = new ManualResetEvent(true);
         }
 
-        public IHardwareDeviceSession OpenDeviceSession(Direction direction, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat sampleFormat, uint sampleRate, uint channelCount)
+        public IHardwareDeviceSession OpenDeviceSession(Direction direction, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat sampleFormat, uint sampleRate, uint channelCount, float volume)
         {
             if (sampleRate == 0)
             {
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.Dummy
 
             if (direction == Direction.Output)
             {
-                return new DummyHardwareDeviceSessionOutput(this, memoryManager, sampleFormat, sampleRate, channelCount);
+                return new DummyHardwareDeviceSessionOutput(this, memoryManager, sampleFormat, sampleRate, channelCount, volume);
             }
             else
             {

Ryujinx.Audio/Backends/Dummy/DummyHardwareDeviceSessionOutput.cs

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.Dummy
 
         private ulong _playedSampleCount;
 
-        public DummyHardwareDeviceSessionOutput(IHardwareDeviceDriver manager, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat requestedSampleFormat, uint requestedSampleRate, uint requestedChannelCount) : base(memoryManager, requestedSampleFormat, requestedSampleRate, requestedChannelCount)
+        public DummyHardwareDeviceSessionOutput(IHardwareDeviceDriver manager, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat requestedSampleFormat, uint requestedSampleRate, uint requestedChannelCount, float requestedVolume) : base(memoryManager, requestedSampleFormat, requestedSampleRate, requestedChannelCount)
         {
-            _volume = 1.0f;
+            _volume = requestedVolume;
             _manager = manager;
         }
 

Ryujinx.Audio/Common/AudioDeviceSession.cs

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Common
             _bufferAppendedCount = 0;
             _bufferRegisteredCount = 0;
             _bufferReleasedCount = 0;
-            _volume = 1.0f;
+            _volume = deviceSession.GetVolume();
             _state = AudioDeviceState.Stopped;
         }
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Common
 
             for (int i = 0; i < buffersToFlush.Length; i++)
             {
-                buffersToFlush[i] = _buffers[_hardwareBufferIndex];
+                buffersToFlush[i] = _buffers[hardwareBufferIndex];
 
                 _bufferAppendedCount--;
                 _bufferRegisteredCount++;

Ryujinx.Audio/Integration/HardwareDeviceImpl.cs

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Integration
 
         private byte[] _buffer;
 
-        public HardwareDeviceImpl(IHardwareDeviceDriver deviceDriver, uint channelCount, uint sampleRate)
+        public HardwareDeviceImpl(IHardwareDeviceDriver deviceDriver, uint channelCount, uint sampleRate, float volume)
         {
-            _session = deviceDriver.OpenDeviceSession(IHardwareDeviceDriver.Direction.Output, null, SampleFormat.PcmInt16, sampleRate, channelCount);
+            _session = deviceDriver.OpenDeviceSession(IHardwareDeviceDriver.Direction.Output, null, SampleFormat.PcmInt16, sampleRate, channelCount, volume);
             _channelCount = channelCount;
             _sampleRate = sampleRate;
             _currentBufferTag = 0;
@@ -56,6 +56,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Integration
             _currentBufferTag = _currentBufferTag % 4;
         }
 
+        public void SetVolume(float volume)
+        {
+            _session.SetVolume(volume);
+        }
+
+        public float GetVolume()
+        {
+            return _session.GetVolume();
+        }
+
         public uint GetChannelCount()
         {
             return _channelCount;

Ryujinx.Audio/Integration/IHardwareDevice.cs

@@ -25,6 +25,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Integration
     /// </summary>
     public interface IHardwareDevice : IDisposable
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the volume level for this device.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="volume">The volume level to set.</param>
+        void SetVolume(float volume);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the volume level for this device.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The volume level of this device.</returns>
+        float GetVolume();
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Get the supported sample rate of this device.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Audio/Integration/IHardwareDeviceDriver.cs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Integration
             Output
         }
 
-        IHardwareDeviceSession OpenDeviceSession(Direction direction, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat sampleFormat, uint sampleRate, uint channelCount);
+        IHardwareDeviceSession OpenDeviceSession(Direction direction, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, SampleFormat sampleFormat, uint sampleRate, uint channelCount, float volume = 1f);
 
         ManualResetEvent GetUpdateRequiredEvent();
         ManualResetEvent GetPauseEvent();

Ryujinx.Audio/Output/AudioOutputManager.cs

@@ -208,13 +208,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Output
                                        SampleFormat sampleFormat,
                                        ref AudioInputConfiguration parameter,
                                        ulong appletResourceUserId,
-                                       uint processHandle)
+                                       uint processHandle,
+                                       float volume)
         {
             int sessionId = AcquireSessionId();
 
             _sessionsBufferEvents[sessionId].Clear();
 
-            IHardwareDeviceSession deviceSession = _deviceDriver.OpenDeviceSession(IHardwareDeviceDriver.Direction.Output, memoryManager, sampleFormat, parameter.SampleRate, parameter.ChannelCount);
+            IHardwareDeviceSession deviceSession = _deviceDriver.OpenDeviceSession(IHardwareDeviceDriver.Direction.Output, memoryManager, sampleFormat, parameter.SampleRate, parameter.ChannelCount, volume);
 
             AudioOutputSystem audioOut = new AudioOutputSystem(this, _lock, deviceSession, _sessionsBufferEvents[sessionId]);
 
@@ -247,6 +248,41 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Output
             return result;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the volume for all output devices.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="volume">The volume to set.</param>
+        public void SetVolume(float volume)
+        {
+            if (_sessions != null)
+            {
+                foreach (AudioOutputSystem session in _sessions)
+                {
+                    session?.SetVolume(volume);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the volume for all output devices.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A float indicating the volume level.</returns>
+        public float GetVolume()
+        {
+            if (_sessions != null)
+            {
+                foreach (AudioOutputSystem session in _sessions)
+                {
+                    if (session != null)
+                    {
+                        return session.GetVolume();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return 0.0f;
+        }
+
         public void Dispose()
         {
             if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _disposeState, 1, 0) == 0)

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/AudioProcessor.cs

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp
             }
         }
 
-        public void Start(IHardwareDeviceDriver deviceDriver)
+        public void Start(IHardwareDeviceDriver deviceDriver, float volume)
         {
             OutputDevices = new IHardwareDevice[Constants.AudioRendererSessionCountMax];
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp
             for (int i = 0; i < OutputDevices.Length; i++)
             {
                 // TODO: Don't hardcode sample rate.
-                OutputDevices[i] = new HardwareDeviceImpl(deviceDriver, channelCount, Constants.TargetSampleRate);
+                OutputDevices[i] = new HardwareDeviceImpl(deviceDriver, channelCount, Constants.TargetSampleRate, volume);
             }
 
             _mailbox = new Mailbox<MailboxMessage>();
@@ -245,6 +245,33 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp
             _mailbox.SendResponse(MailboxMessage.Stop);
         }
 
+        public float GetVolume()
+        {
+            if (OutputDevices != null)
+            {
+                foreach (IHardwareDevice outputDevice in OutputDevices)
+                {
+                    if (outputDevice != null)
+                    {
+                        return outputDevice.GetVolume();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return 0f;
+        }
+
+        public void SetVolume(float volume)
+        {
+            if (OutputDevices != null)
+            {
+                foreach (IHardwareDevice outputDevice in OutputDevices)
+                {
+                    outputDevice?.SetVolume(volume);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         public void Dispose()
         {
             Dispose(true);

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/AudioRendererManager.cs

@@ -186,12 +186,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <summary>
         /// Start the <see cref="AudioProcessor"/> and worker thread.
         /// </summary>
-        private void StartLocked()
+        private void StartLocked(float volume)
         {
             _isRunning = true;
 
             // TODO: virtual device mapping (IAudioDevice)
-            Processor.Start(_deviceDriver);
+            Processor.Start(_deviceDriver, volume);
 
             _workerThread = new Thread(SendCommands)
             {
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// Register a new <see cref="AudioRenderSystem"/>.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="renderer">The <see cref="AudioRenderSystem"/> to register.</param>
-        private void Register(AudioRenderSystem renderer)
+        private void Register(AudioRenderSystem renderer, float volume)
         {
             lock (_sessionLock)
             {
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             {
                 if (!_isRunning)
                 {
-                    StartLocked();
+                    StartLocked(volume);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <param name="workBufferSize">The guest work buffer size.</param>
         /// <param name="processHandle">The process handle of the application.</param>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="ResultCode"/> reporting an error or a success.</returns>
-        public ResultCode OpenAudioRenderer(out AudioRenderSystem renderer, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, ref AudioRendererConfiguration parameter, ulong appletResourceUserId, ulong workBufferAddress, ulong workBufferSize, uint processHandle)
+        public ResultCode OpenAudioRenderer(out AudioRenderSystem renderer, IVirtualMemoryManager memoryManager, ref AudioRendererConfiguration parameter, ulong appletResourceUserId, ulong workBufferAddress, ulong workBufferSize, uint processHandle, float volume)
         {
             int sessionId = AcquireSessionId();
 
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             {
                 renderer = audioRenderer;
 
-                Register(renderer);
+                Register(renderer, volume);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -338,6 +338,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             return result;
         }
 
+        public float GetVolume()
+        {
+            if (Processor != null)
+            {
+                return Processor.GetVolume();
+            }
+
+            return 0f;
+        }
+
+        public void SetVolume(float volume)
+        {
+            Processor?.SetVolume(volume);
+        }
+
         public void Dispose()
         {
             if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _disposeState, 1, 0) == 0)

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Utils/FileHardwareDevice.cs

@@ -76,6 +76,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Utils
             _stream.Flush();
         }
 
+        public void SetVolume(float volume)
+        {
+            // Do nothing, volume is not used for FileHardwareDevice at the moment.
+        }
+
+        public float GetVolume()
+        {
+            // FileHardwareDevice does not incorporate volume.
+            return 0;
+        }
+
         public uint GetChannelCount()
         {
             return _channelCount;

Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Utils/SplitterHardwareDevice.cs

@@ -37,6 +37,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Utils
             _secondaryDevice?.AppendBuffer(data, channelCount);
         }
 
+        public void SetVolume(float volume)
+        {
+            _baseDevice.SetVolume(volume);
+            _secondaryDevice.SetVolume(volume);
+        }
+
+        public float GetVolume()
+        {
+            return _baseDevice.GetVolume();
+        }
+
         public uint GetChannelCount()
         {
             return _baseDevice.GetChannelCount();

Ryujinx.Audio/Ryujinx.Audio.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/Hid/KeyboardHotkeys.cs

@@ -6,5 +6,6 @@
         public Key Screenshot { get; set; }
         public Key ShowUi { get; set; }
         public Key Pause { get; set; }
+        public Key ToggleMute { get; set; }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Common/Ryujinx.Common.csproj

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="MsgPack.Cli" Version="1.0.1" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Drawing.Common" Version="5.0.1" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Management" Version="5.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Drawing.Common" Version="6.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Management" Version="6.0.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
 </Project>

Ryujinx.Common/System/DisplaySleep.cs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
 
         static public void Prevent()
         {
-            if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
             {
                 SetThreadExecutionState(EXECUTION_STATE.ES_CONTINUOUS | EXECUTION_STATE.ES_SYSTEM_REQUIRED | EXECUTION_STATE.ES_DISPLAY_REQUIRED);
             }
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
         
         static public void Restore()
         {
-            if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
             {
                 SetThreadExecutionState(EXECUTION_STATE.ES_CONTINUOUS);  
             }

Ryujinx.Common/System/ForceDpiAware.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Drawing;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
 {
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
         public static void Windows()
         {
             // Make process DPI aware for proper window sizing on high-res screens.
-            if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows) && Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major >= 6)
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsWindowsVersionAtLeast(6))
             {
                 SetProcessDPIAware();
             }
@@ -27,16 +28,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
 
         public static double GetWindowScaleFactor()
         {
-            double userDpiScale;
+            double userDpiScale = 96.0;
 
             try
             {
-                userDpiScale = Graphics.FromHwnd(IntPtr.Zero).DpiX;
+                if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+                {
+                    userDpiScale = Graphics.FromHwnd(IntPtr.Zero).DpiX;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // TODO: Linux support
+                }
             }
             catch (Exception e)
             {
                 Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Couldn't determine monitor DPI: {e.Message}");
-                userDpiScale = 96.0;
             }
 
             return Math.Min(userDpiScale / _standardDpiScale, _maxScaleFactor);

Ryujinx.Common/System/WindowsMultimediaTimerResolution.cs

@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Handle Windows Multimedia timer resolution.
     /// </summary>
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
     public class WindowsMultimediaTimerResolution : IDisposable
     {
         [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

Ryujinx.Cpu/Ryujinx.Cpu.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Device/Ryujinx.Graphics.Device.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
 </Project>

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|AnyCPU'">

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Dma/DmaClass.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Pools;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Device;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed;
@@ -99,11 +100,32 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Releases a semaphore for a given LaunchDma method call.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="argument">The LaunchDma call argument</param>
+        private void ReleaseSemaphore(int argument)
+        {
+            LaunchDmaSemaphoreType type = (LaunchDmaSemaphoreType)((argument >> 3) & 0x3);
+            if (type != LaunchDmaSemaphoreType.None)
+            {
+                ulong address = ((ulong)_state.State.SetSemaphoreA << 32) | _state.State.SetSemaphoreB;
+                if (type == LaunchDmaSemaphoreType.ReleaseOneWordSemaphore)
+                {
+                    _channel.MemoryManager.Write(address, _state.State.SetSemaphorePayload);
+                }
+                else /* if (type == LaunchDmaSemaphoreType.ReleaseFourWordSemaphore) */
+                {
+                    Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, "DMA semaphore type ReleaseFourWordSemaphore was used, but is not currently implemented.");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Performs a buffer to buffer, or buffer to texture copy.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="argument">Method call argument</param>
-        private void LaunchDma(int argument)
+        /// <param name="argument">The LaunchDma call argument</param>
+        private void DmaCopy(int argument)
         {
             var memoryManager = _channel.MemoryManager;
 
@@ -200,6 +222,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
                                 target.Info.Height,
                                 1,
                                 1,
+                                xCount * srcBpp,
                                 srcStride,
                                 target.Info.FormatInfo.BytesPerPixel,
                                 srcSpan);
@@ -322,5 +345,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs a buffer to buffer, or buffer to texture copy, then optionally releases a semaphore.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="argument">Method call argument</param>
+        private void LaunchDma(int argument)
+        {
+            DmaCopy(argument);
+            ReleaseSemaphore(argument);
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/InlineToMemory/InlineToMemoryClass.cs

@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.InlineToMemory
             _isLinear = (argument & 1) != 0;
 
             _offset = 0;
-            _size = (int)(state.LineLengthIn * state.LineCount);
+            _size = (int)(BitUtils.AlignUp(state.LineLengthIn, 4) * state.LineCount);
 
-            int count = BitUtils.DivRoundUp(_size, 4);
+            int count = _size / 4;
 
             if (_buffer == null || _buffer.Length < count)
             {
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.InlineToMemory
 
             if (_isLinear && _lineCount == 1)
             {
-                memoryManager.WriteTrackedResource(_dstGpuVa, data);
+                memoryManager.WriteTrackedResource(_dstGpuVa, data.Slice(0, _lineLengthIn));
                 _context.AdvanceSequence();
             }
             else
@@ -224,6 +224,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.InlineToMemory
 
                         memoryManager.Write(dstAddress, data[srcOffset]);
                     }
+
+                    // All lines must be aligned to 4 bytes, as the data is pushed one word at a time.
+                    // If our copy length is not a multiple of 4, then we need to skip the padding bytes here.
+                    int misalignment = _lineLengthIn & 3;
+
+                    if (misalignment != 0)
+                    {
+                        srcOffset += 4 - misalignment;
+                    }
                 }
 
                 _context.AdvanceSequence();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/StateUpdater.cs

@@ -64,7 +64,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.ShaderState)),
 
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateRasterizerState, nameof(ThreedClassState.RasterizeEnable)),
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateScissorState, nameof(ThreedClassState.ScissorState)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateScissorState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ScissorState),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ScreenScissorState)),
 
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateVertexBufferState,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.VertexBufferDrawState),
@@ -426,6 +429,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     int width = scissor.X2 - x;
                     int height = scissor.Y2 - y;
 
+                    if (_state.State.YControl.HasFlag(YControl.NegateY))
+                    {
+                        ref var screenScissor = ref _state.State.ScreenScissorState;
+                        y = screenScissor.Height - height - y;
+
+                        if (y < 0)
+                        {
+                            height += y;
+                            y = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+
                     float scale = _channel.TextureManager.RenderTargetScale;
                     if (scale != 1f)
                     {

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ThreedClass.cs

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 { nameof(ThreedClassState.LaunchDma), new RwCallback(LaunchDma, null) },
                 { nameof(ThreedClassState.LoadInlineData), new RwCallback(LoadInlineData, null) },
                 { nameof(ThreedClassState.SyncpointAction), new RwCallback(IncrementSyncpoint, null) },
+                { nameof(ThreedClassState.InvalidateSamplerCacheNoWfi), new RwCallback(InvalidateSamplerCacheNoWfi, null) },
+                { nameof(ThreedClassState.InvalidateTextureHeaderCacheNoWfi), new RwCallback(InvalidateTextureHeaderCacheNoWfi, null) },
                 { nameof(ThreedClassState.TextureBarrier), new RwCallback(TextureBarrier, null) },
                 { nameof(ThreedClassState.TextureBarrierTiled), new RwCallback(TextureBarrierTiled, null) },
                 { nameof(ThreedClassState.DrawTextureSrcY), new RwCallback(DrawTexture, null) },
@@ -227,6 +229,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             _context.Synchronization.IncrementSyncpoint(syncpointId);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invalidates the cache with the sampler descriptors from the sampler pool.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="argument">Method call argument (unused)</param>
+        private void InvalidateSamplerCacheNoWfi(int argument)
+        {
+            _context.AdvanceSequence();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invalidates the cache with the texture descriptors from the texture pool.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="argument">Method call argument (unused)</param>
+        private void InvalidateTextureHeaderCacheNoWfi(int argument)
+        {
+            _context.AdvanceSequence();
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Issues a texture barrier.
         /// This waits until previous texture writes from the GPU to finish, before

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ThreedClassState.cs

@@ -784,7 +784,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         public YControl YControl;
         public float LineWidthSmooth;
         public float LineWidthAliased;
-        public fixed uint Reserved13B8[31];
+        public fixed uint Reserved13B8[27];
+        public uint InvalidateSamplerCacheNoWfi;
+        public uint InvalidateTextureHeaderCacheNoWfi;
+        public fixed uint Reserved142C[2];
         public uint FirstVertex;
         public uint FirstInstance;
         public fixed uint Reserved143C[53];

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Sampler.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using System;
-using System.Numerics;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 {
@@ -9,8 +8,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     /// </summary>
     class Sampler : IDisposable
     {
-        private const int MinLevelsForAnisotropic = 5;
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Host sampler object.
         /// </summary>
@@ -96,26 +93,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <returns>A host sampler</returns>
         public ISampler GetHostSampler(Texture texture)
         {
-            return _anisoSampler != null && AllowForceAnisotropy(texture) ? _anisoSampler : _hostSampler;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Determine if the given texture can have anisotropic filtering forced.
-        /// Filtered textures that we might want to force anisotropy on should have a lot of mip levels.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="texture">The texture</param>
-        /// <returns>True if anisotropic filtering can be forced, false otherwise</returns>
-        private static bool AllowForceAnisotropy(Texture texture)
-        {
-            if (texture == null || !(texture.Target == Target.Texture2D || texture.Target == Target.Texture2DArray))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            int maxSize = Math.Max(texture.Info.Width, texture.Info.Height);
-            int maxLevels = BitOperations.Log2((uint)maxSize) + 1;
-
-            return texture.Info.Levels >= Math.Min(MinLevelsForAnisotropic, maxLevels);
+            return _anisoSampler != null && texture?.CanForceAnisotropy == true ? _anisoSampler : _hostSampler;
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Texture.cs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Numerics;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 {
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         // This method uses much more memory so we want to avoid it if possible.
         private const int ByteComparisonSwitchThreshold = 4;
 
+        private const int MinLevelsForForceAnisotropy = 5;
+
         private struct TexturePoolOwner
         {
             public TexturePool Pool;
@@ -50,6 +53,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         public TextureInfo Info { get; private set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set when anisotropic filtering can be forced on the given texture.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool CanForceAnisotropy { get; private set; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Host scale factor.
         /// </summary>
@@ -759,6 +767,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     Info.FormatInfo.BlockWidth,
                     Info.FormatInfo.BlockHeight,
                     Info.Stride,
+                    Info.Stride,
                     Info.FormatInfo.BytesPerPixel,
                     data);
             }
@@ -1142,6 +1151,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return null;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determine if this texture can have anisotropic filtering forced.
+        /// Filtered textures that we might want to force anisotropy on should have a lot of mip levels.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>True if anisotropic filtering can be forced, false otherwise</returns>
+        private bool CanTextureForceAnisotropy()
+        {
+            if (!(Target == Target.Texture2D || Target == Target.Texture2DArray))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            int maxSize = Math.Max(Info.Width, Info.Height);
+            int maxLevels = BitOperations.Log2((uint)maxSize) + 1;
+
+            return Info.Levels >= Math.Min(MinLevelsForForceAnisotropy, maxLevels);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Check if this texture and the specified target have the same number of dimensions.
         /// For the purposes of this comparison, 2D and 2D Multisample textures are not considered to have
@@ -1232,6 +1259,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         {
             Info = info;
             Target = info.Target;
+            CanForceAnisotropy = CanTextureForceAnisotropy();
 
             _depth  = info.GetDepth();
             _layers = info.GetLayers();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureBindingsManager.cs

@@ -377,18 +377,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 ITexture hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
 
-                if (_textureState[stageIndex][index].Texture != hostTexture || _rebind)
-                {
-                    if (UpdateScale(texture, bindingInfo, index, stage))
-                    {
-                        hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
-                    }
-
-                    _textureState[stageIndex][index].Texture = hostTexture;
-
-                    _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetTexture(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTexture);
-                }
-
                 if (hostTexture != null && texture.Target == Target.TextureBuffer)
                 {
                     // Ensure that the buffer texture is using the correct buffer as storage.
@@ -396,16 +384,30 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
                     _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(hostTexture, texture.Range.GetSubRange(0).Address, texture.Size, bindingInfo, bindingInfo.Format, false);
                 }
-
-                Sampler sampler = samplerPool?.Get(samplerId);
-
-                ISampler hostSampler = sampler?.GetHostSampler(texture);
-
-                if (_textureState[stageIndex][index].Sampler != hostSampler || _rebind)
+                else
                 {
-                    _textureState[stageIndex][index].Sampler = hostSampler;
+                    if (_textureState[stageIndex][index].Texture != hostTexture || _rebind)
+                    {
+                        if (UpdateScale(texture, bindingInfo, index, stage))
+                        {
+                            hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
+                        }
 
-                    _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetSampler(bindingInfo.Binding, hostSampler);
+                        _textureState[stageIndex][index].Texture = hostTexture;
+
+                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetTexture(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTexture);
+                    }
+
+                    Sampler sampler = samplerPool?.Get(samplerId);
+
+                    ISampler hostSampler = sampler?.GetHostSampler(texture);
+
+                    if (_textureState[stageIndex][index].Sampler != hostSampler || _rebind)
+                    {
+                        _textureState[stageIndex][index].Sampler = hostSampler;
+
+                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetSampler(bindingInfo.Binding, hostSampler);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -464,28 +466,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                     _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(hostTexture, texture.Range.GetSubRange(0).Address, texture.Size, bindingInfo, format, true);
                 }
-                else if (isStore)
+                else
                 {
-                    texture?.SignalModified();
-                }
-
-                if (_imageState[stageIndex][index].Texture != hostTexture || _rebind)
-                {
-                    if (UpdateScale(texture, bindingInfo, baseScaleIndex + index, stage))
+                    if (isStore)
                     {
-                        hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
+                        texture?.SignalModified();
                     }
 
-                    _imageState[stageIndex][index].Texture = hostTexture;
-
-                    Format format = bindingInfo.Format;
-
-                    if (format == 0 && texture != null)
+                    if (_imageState[stageIndex][index].Texture != hostTexture || _rebind)
                     {
-                        format = texture.Format;
-                    }
+                        if (UpdateScale(texture, bindingInfo, baseScaleIndex + index, stage))
+                        {
+                            hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
+                        }
 
-                    _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTexture, format);
+                        _imageState[stageIndex][index].Texture = hostTexture;
+
+                        Format format = bindingInfo.Format;
+
+                        if (format == 0 && texture != null)
+                        {
+                            format = texture.Format;
+                        }
+
+                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTexture, format);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
@@ -14,4 +14,8 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader\Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <ItemGroup>
+	<PackageReference Include="SharpZipLib" Version="1.3.3" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
 </Project>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/Cache/CacheCollection.cs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-using Ryujinx.Common;
+using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.Zip;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache.Definition;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
-using System.IO.Compression;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
         /// <summary>
         /// Main storage of the cache collection.
         /// </summary>
-        private ZipArchive _cacheArchive;
+        private ZipFile _cacheArchive;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates if the cache collection supports modification.
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
             EnsureArchiveUpToDate();
 
             // Open the zip in readonly to avoid anyone modifying/corrupting it during normal operations.
-            _cacheArchive = ZipFile.Open(GetArchivePath(), ZipArchiveMode.Read);
+            _cacheArchive = new ZipFile(File.OpenRead(GetArchivePath()));
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
             // First close previous opened instance if found.
             if (_cacheArchive != null)
             {
-                _cacheArchive.Dispose();
+                _cacheArchive.Close();
             }
 
             string archivePath = GetArchivePath();
@@ -355,8 +355,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
                 return;
             }
 
+            if (!File.Exists(archivePath))
+            {
+                using (ZipFile newZip = ZipFile.Create(archivePath))
+                {
+                    // Workaround for SharpZipLib issue #395
+                    newZip.BeginUpdate();
+                    newZip.CommitUpdate();
+                }
+            }
+
             // Open the zip in read/write.
-            _cacheArchive = ZipFile.Open(archivePath, ZipArchiveMode.Update);
+            _cacheArchive = new ZipFile(File.Open(archivePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.None));
 
             Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Updating cache collection archive {archivePath}...");
 
@@ -366,7 +376,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
                 CacheHelper.EnsureArchiveUpToDate(_cacheDirectory, _cacheArchive, _hashTable);
 
                 // Close the instance to force a flush.
-                _cacheArchive.Dispose();
+                _cacheArchive.Close();
                 _cacheArchive = null;
 
                 string cacheTempDataPath = GetCacheTempDataPath();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/Cache/CacheHelper.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using Ryujinx.Common;
+using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.Zip;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
@@ -9,7 +10,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
-using System.IO.Compression;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
@@ -192,19 +192,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
         /// <param name="entry">The given hash</param>
         /// <returns>The cached file if present or null</returns>
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        public static byte[] ReadFromArchive(ZipArchive archive, Hash128 entry)
+        public static byte[] ReadFromArchive(ZipFile archive, Hash128 entry)
         {
             if (archive != null)
             {
-                ZipArchiveEntry archiveEntry = archive.GetEntry($"{entry}");
+                ZipEntry archiveEntry = archive.GetEntry($"{entry}");
 
                 if (archiveEntry != null)
                 {
                     try
                     {
-                        byte[] result = new byte[archiveEntry.Length];
+                        byte[] result = new byte[archiveEntry.Size];
 
-                        using (Stream archiveStream = archiveEntry.Open())
+                        using (Stream archiveStream = archive.GetInputStream(archiveEntry))
                         {
                             archiveStream.Read(result);
 
@@ -538,8 +538,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
         /// <param name="archive">The archive to use</param>
         /// <param name="entries">The entries in the cache</param>
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        public static void EnsureArchiveUpToDate(string baseCacheDirectory, ZipArchive archive, HashSet<Hash128> entries)
+        public static void EnsureArchiveUpToDate(string baseCacheDirectory, ZipFile archive, HashSet<Hash128> entries)
         {
+            List<string> filesToDelete = new List<string>();
+
+            archive.BeginUpdate();
+
             foreach (Hash128 hash in entries)
             {
                 string cacheTempFilePath = GenCacheTempFilePath(baseCacheDirectory, hash);
@@ -548,15 +552,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
                 {
                     string cacheHash = $"{hash}";
 
-                    ZipArchiveEntry entry = archive.GetEntry(cacheHash);
+                    ZipEntry entry = archive.GetEntry(cacheHash);
 
-                    entry?.Delete();
+                    if (entry != null)
+                    {
+                        archive.Delete(entry);
+                    }
 
-                    archive.CreateEntryFromFile(cacheTempFilePath, cacheHash);
-
-                    File.Delete(cacheTempFilePath);
+                    // We enforce deflate compression here to avoid possible incompatibilities on older version of Ryujinx that use System.IO.Compression.
+                    archive.Add(new StaticDiskDataSource(cacheTempFilePath), cacheHash, CompressionMethod.Deflated);
+                    filesToDelete.Add(cacheTempFilePath);
                 }
             }
+
+            archive.CommitUpdate();
+
+            foreach (string filePath in filesToDelete)
+            {
+                File.Delete(filePath);
+            }
         }
 
         public static bool IsArchiveReadOnly(string archivePath)

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/Cache/CacheMigration.cs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-using Ryujinx.Common;
+using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.Zip;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache.Definition;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
-using System.IO.Compression;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
 {
@@ -35,27 +35,36 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
             return false;
         }
 
+        private class StreamZipEntryDataSource : IStaticDataSource
+        {
+            private readonly ZipFile Archive;
+            private readonly ZipEntry Entry;
+            public StreamZipEntryDataSource(ZipFile archive, ZipEntry entry)
+            {
+                Archive = archive;
+                Entry = entry;
+            }
+
+            public Stream GetSource()
+            {
+                return Archive.GetInputStream(Entry);
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Move a file with the name of a given hash to another in the cache archive.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="archive">The archive in use</param>
         /// <param name="oldKey">The old key</param>
         /// <param name="newKey">The new key</param>
-        private static void MoveEntry(ZipArchive archive, Hash128 oldKey, Hash128 newKey)
+        private static void MoveEntry(ZipFile archive, Hash128 oldKey, Hash128 newKey)
         {
-            ZipArchiveEntry oldGuestEntry = archive.GetEntry($"{oldKey}");
+            ZipEntry oldGuestEntry = archive.GetEntry($"{oldKey}");
 
             if (oldGuestEntry != null)
             {
-                ZipArchiveEntry newGuestEntry = archive.CreateEntry($"{newKey}");
-
-                using (Stream oldStream = oldGuestEntry.Open())
-                using (Stream newStream = newGuestEntry.Open())
-                {
-                    oldStream.CopyTo(newStream);
-                }
-
-                oldGuestEntry.Delete();
+                archive.Add(new StreamZipEntryDataSource(archive, oldGuestEntry), $"{newKey}", CompressionMethod.Deflated);
+                archive.Delete(oldGuestEntry);
             }
         }
 
@@ -81,8 +90,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
                 string guestArchivePath = CacheHelper.GetArchivePath(guestBaseCacheDirectory);
                 string hostArchivePath = CacheHelper.GetArchivePath(hostBaseCacheDirectory);
 
-                ZipArchive guestArchive = ZipFile.Open(guestArchivePath, ZipArchiveMode.Update);
-                ZipArchive hostArchive = ZipFile.Open(hostArchivePath, ZipArchiveMode.Update);
+                ZipFile guestArchive = new ZipFile(File.Open(guestArchivePath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.None));
+                ZipFile hostArchive = new ZipFile(File.Open(hostArchivePath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.None));
 
                 CacheHelper.EnsureArchiveUpToDate(guestBaseCacheDirectory, guestArchive, guestEntries);
                 CacheHelper.EnsureArchiveUpToDate(hostBaseCacheDirectory, hostArchive, hostEntries);
@@ -129,8 +138,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
                 File.WriteAllBytes(guestManifestPath, newGuestManifestContent);
                 File.WriteAllBytes(hostManifestPath, newHostManifestContent);
 
-                guestArchive.Dispose();
-                hostArchive.Dispose();
+                guestArchive.CommitUpdate();
+                hostArchive.CommitUpdate();
+
+                guestArchive.Close();
+                hostArchive.Close();
             }
         }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderCache.cs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <summary>
         /// Version of the codegen (to be changed when codegen or guest format change).
         /// </summary>
-        private const ulong ShaderCodeGenVersion = 2816;
+        private const ulong ShaderCodeGenVersion = 2885;
 
         // Progress reporting helpers
         private volatile int _shaderCount;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Host1x/Ryujinx.Graphics.Host1x.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg/Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.Vp9/Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.Vp9.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec/Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Image/TextureBuffer.cs

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
         public void SetStorage(BufferRange buffer)
         {
             if (_buffer != BufferHandle.Null &&
+                _buffer == buffer.Handle &&
                 buffer.Offset == _bufferOffset &&
                 buffer.Size == _bufferSize &&
                 _renderer.BufferCount == _bufferCount)

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Glsl/Instructions/InstGen.cs

@@ -35,8 +35,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Glsl.Instructions
             VariableType type = GetSrcVarType(operation.Inst, 0);
 
             string srcExpr = GetSoureExpr(context, src, type);
+            string zero;
 
-            NumberFormatter.TryFormat(0, type, out string zero);
+            if (type == VariableType.F64)
+            {
+                zero = "0.0";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                NumberFormatter.TryFormat(0, type, out zero);
+            }
 
             // Starting in the 496.13 NVIDIA driver, there's an issue with assigning variables to negated expressions.
             // (-expr) does not work, but (0.0 - expr) does. This should be removed once the issue is resolved.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Glsl/Instructions/InstGenHelper.cs

@@ -71,8 +71,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Glsl.Instructions
             Add(Instruction.ExponentB2,               InstType.CallUnary,      "exp2");
             Add(Instruction.FSIBegin,                 InstType.Special);
             Add(Instruction.FSIEnd,                   InstType.Special);
-            Add(Instruction.FindFirstSetS32,          InstType.CallUnary,      "findMSB");
-            Add(Instruction.FindFirstSetU32,          InstType.CallUnary,      "findMSB");
+            Add(Instruction.FindLSB,                  InstType.CallUnary,      "findLSB");
+            Add(Instruction.FindMSBS32,               InstType.CallUnary,      "findMSB");
+            Add(Instruction.FindMSBU32,               InstType.CallUnary,      "findMSB");
             Add(Instruction.Floor,                    InstType.CallUnary,      "floor");
             Add(Instruction.FusedMultiplyAdd,         InstType.CallTernary,    "fma");
             Add(Instruction.GroupMemoryBarrier,       InstType.CallNullary,    "groupMemoryBarrier");

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Glsl/NumberFormatter.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Glsl
 
         public static bool TryFormat(int value, VariableType dstType, out string formatted)
         {
-            if (dstType == VariableType.F32 || dstType == VariableType.F64)
+            if (dstType == VariableType.F32)
             {
                 return TryFormatFloat(BitConverter.Int32BitsToSingle(value), out formatted);
             }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Instructions/InstEmit.cs

@@ -75,69 +75,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             context.Config.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction Cs2r is not implemented.");
         }
 
-        public static void DmnmxR(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            InstDmnmxR op = context.GetOp<InstDmnmxR>();
-
-            context.Config.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction DmnmxR is not implemented.");
-        }
-
-        public static void DmnmxI(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            InstDmnmxI op = context.GetOp<InstDmnmxI>();
-
-            context.Config.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction DmnmxI is not implemented.");
-        }
-
-        public static void DmnmxC(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            InstDmnmxC op = context.GetOp<InstDmnmxC>();
-
-            context.Config.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction DmnmxC is not implemented.");
-        }
-
-        public static void DsetR(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            InstDsetR op = context.GetOp<InstDsetR>();
-
-            context.Config.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction DsetR is not implemented.");
-        }
-
-        public static void DsetI(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            InstDsetI op = context.GetOp<InstDsetI>();
-
-            context.Config.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction DsetI is not implemented.");
-        }
-
-        public static void DsetC(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            InstDsetC op = context.GetOp<InstDsetC>();
-
-            context.Config.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction DsetC is not implemented.");
-        }
-
-        public static void DsetpR(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            InstDsetpR op = context.GetOp<InstDsetpR>();
-
-            context.Config.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction DsetpR is not implemented.");
-        }
-
-        public static void DsetpI(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            InstDsetpI op = context.GetOp<InstDsetpI>();
-
-            context.Config.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction DsetpI is not implemented.");
-        }
-
-        public static void DsetpC(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            InstDsetpC op = context.GetOp<InstDsetpC>();
-
-            context.Config.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction DsetpC is not implemented.");
-        }
-
         public static void FchkR(EmitterContext context)
         {
             InstFchkR op = context.GetOp<InstFchkR>();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Instructions/InstEmitBitfield.cs

@@ -166,13 +166,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
         {
             Operand srcB = context.BitwiseNot(src, invert);
 
-            Operand res = isSigned
-                ? context.FindFirstSetS32(srcB)
-                : context.FindFirstSetU32(srcB);
+            Operand res;
 
             if (sh)
             {
-                res = context.BitwiseExclusiveOr(res, Const(31));
+                res = context.FindLSB(context.BitfieldReverse(srcB));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                res = isSigned
+                    ? context.FindMSBS32(srcB)
+                    : context.FindMSBU32(srcB);
             }
 
             context.Copy(GetDest(rd), res);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Instructions/InstEmitConversion.cs

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 
             var src = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcB);
 
-            EmitI2I(context, op.ISrcFmt, op.IDstFmt, src, op.ByteSel, op.Dest, op.AbsB, op.NegB, op.Sat);
+            EmitI2I(context, op.ISrcFmt, op.IDstFmt, src, op.ByteSel, op.Dest, op.AbsB, op.NegB, op.Sat, op.WriteCC);
         }
 
         public static void I2iI(EmitterContext context)
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 
             var src = GetSrcImm(context, Imm20ToSInt(op.Imm20));
 
-            EmitI2I(context, op.ISrcFmt, op.IDstFmt, src, op.ByteSel, op.Dest, op.AbsB, op.NegB, op.Sat);
+            EmitI2I(context, op.ISrcFmt, op.IDstFmt, src, op.ByteSel, op.Dest, op.AbsB, op.NegB, op.Sat, op.WriteCC);
         }
 
         public static void I2iC(EmitterContext context)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 
             var src = GetSrcCbuf(context, op.CbufSlot, op.CbufOffset);
 
-            EmitI2I(context, op.ISrcFmt, op.IDstFmt, src, op.ByteSel, op.Dest, op.AbsB, op.NegB, op.Sat);
+            EmitI2I(context, op.ISrcFmt, op.IDstFmt, src, op.ByteSel, op.Dest, op.AbsB, op.NegB, op.Sat, op.WriteCC);
         }
 
         private static void EmitF2F(
@@ -176,7 +176,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             if (dstType == IDstFmt.U64)
             {
                 context.Config.GpuAccessor.Log("Unimplemented 64-bits F2I.");
-                return;
             }
 
             Instruction fpType = srcType.ToInstFPType();
@@ -198,7 +197,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             if (!isSignedInt)
             {
                 // Negative float to uint cast is undefined, so we clamp the value before conversion.
-                srcB = context.FPMaximum(srcB, ConstF(0), fpType);
+                Operand c0 = srcType == DstFmt.F64 ? context.PackDouble2x32(0.0) : ConstF(0);
+
+                srcB = context.FPMaximum(srcB, c0, fpType);
             }
 
             if (srcType == DstFmt.F64)
@@ -292,7 +293,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             int rd,
             bool absolute,
             bool negate,
-            bool saturate)
+            bool saturate,
+            bool writeCC)
         {
             if ((srcType & ~ISrcDstFmt.S8) > ISrcDstFmt.U32 || (dstType & ~ISrcDstFmt.S8) > ISrcDstFmt.U32)
             {
@@ -337,7 +339,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 
             context.Copy(GetDest(rd), src);
 
-            // TODO: CC.
+            SetZnFlags(context, src, writeCC);
         }
 
         private static Operand UnpackReg(EmitterContext context, DstFmt floatType, bool h, int reg)

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Instructions/InstEmitFloatArithmetic.cs

@@ -528,18 +528,5 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 
             context.Copy(GetDest(rd), GetHalfPacked(context, swizzle, res, rd));
         }
-
-        private static void SetDest(EmitterContext context, Operand value, int rd, bool isFP64)
-        {
-            if (isFP64)
-            {
-                context.Copy(GetDest(rd), context.UnpackDouble2x32Low(value));
-                context.Copy(GetDest2(rd), context.UnpackDouble2x32High(value));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                context.Copy(GetDest(rd), value);
-            }
-        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Instructions/InstEmitFloatComparison.cs

@@ -11,6 +11,156 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 {
     static partial class InstEmit
     {
+        public static void DsetR(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstDsetR op = context.GetOp<InstDsetR>();
+
+            var srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA, isFP64: true);
+            var srcB = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcB, isFP64: true);
+
+            EmitFset(
+                context,
+                op.FComp,
+                op.Bop,
+                srcA,
+                srcB,
+                op.SrcPred,
+                op.SrcPredInv,
+                op.Dest,
+                op.AbsA,
+                op.AbsB,
+                op.NegA,
+                op.NegB,
+                op.BVal,
+                op.WriteCC,
+                isFP64: true);
+        }
+
+        public static void DsetI(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstDsetI op = context.GetOp<InstDsetI>();
+
+            var srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA, isFP64: true);
+            var srcB = GetSrcImm(context, Imm20ToFloat(op.Imm20), isFP64: true);
+
+            EmitFset(
+                context,
+                op.FComp,
+                op.Bop,
+                srcA,
+                srcB,
+                op.SrcPred,
+                op.SrcPredInv,
+                op.Dest,
+                op.AbsA,
+                op.AbsB,
+                op.NegA,
+                op.NegB,
+                op.BVal,
+                op.WriteCC,
+                isFP64: true);
+        }
+
+        public static void DsetC(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstDsetC op = context.GetOp<InstDsetC>();
+
+            var srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA, isFP64: true);
+            var srcB = GetSrcCbuf(context, op.CbufSlot, op.CbufOffset, isFP64: true);
+
+            EmitFset(
+                context,
+                op.FComp,
+                op.Bop,
+                srcA,
+                srcB,
+                op.SrcPred,
+                op.SrcPredInv,
+                op.Dest,
+                op.AbsA,
+                op.AbsB,
+                op.NegA,
+                op.NegB,
+                op.BVal,
+                op.WriteCC,
+                isFP64: true);
+        }
+
+        public static void DsetpR(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstDsetpR op = context.GetOp<InstDsetpR>();
+
+            var srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA, isFP64: true);
+            var srcB = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcB, isFP64: true);
+
+            EmitFsetp(
+                context,
+                op.FComp,
+                op.Bop,
+                srcA,
+                srcB,
+                op.SrcPred,
+                op.SrcPredInv,
+                op.DestPred,
+                op.DestPredInv,
+                op.AbsA,
+                op.AbsB,
+                op.NegA,
+                op.NegB,
+                writeCC: false,
+                isFP64: true);
+        }
+
+        public static void DsetpI(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstDsetpI op = context.GetOp<InstDsetpI>();
+
+            var srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA, isFP64: true);
+            var srcB = GetSrcImm(context, Imm20ToFloat(op.Imm20), isFP64: true);
+
+            EmitFsetp(
+                context,
+                op.FComp,
+                op.Bop,
+                srcA,
+                srcB,
+                op.SrcPred,
+                op.SrcPredInv,
+                op.DestPred,
+                op.DestPredInv,
+                op.AbsA,
+                op.AbsB,
+                op.NegA,
+                op.NegB,
+                writeCC: false,
+                isFP64: true);
+        }
+
+        public static void DsetpC(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstDsetpC op = context.GetOp<InstDsetpC>();
+
+            var srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA, isFP64: true);
+            var srcB = GetSrcCbuf(context, op.CbufSlot, op.CbufOffset, isFP64: true);
+
+            EmitFsetp(
+                context,
+                op.FComp,
+                op.Bop,
+                srcA,
+                srcB,
+                op.SrcPred,
+                op.SrcPredInv,
+                op.DestPred,
+                op.DestPredInv,
+                op.AbsA,
+                op.AbsB,
+                op.NegA,
+                op.NegB,
+                writeCC: false,
+                isFP64: true);
+        }
+
         public static void FcmpR(EmitterContext context)
         {
             InstFcmpR op = context.GetOp<InstFcmpR>();
@@ -240,12 +390,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             bool negateA,
             bool negateB,
             bool boolFloat,
-            bool writeCC)
+            bool writeCC,
+            bool isFP64 = false)
         {
-            srcA = context.FPAbsNeg(srcA, absoluteA, negateA);
-            srcB = context.FPAbsNeg(srcB, absoluteB, negateB);
+            Instruction fpType = isFP64 ? Instruction.FP64 : Instruction.FP32;
 
-            Operand res = GetFPComparison(context, cmpOp, srcA, srcB);
+            srcA = context.FPAbsNeg(srcA, absoluteA, negateA, fpType);
+            srcB = context.FPAbsNeg(srcB, absoluteB, negateB, fpType);
+
+            Operand res = GetFPComparison(context, cmpOp, srcA, srcB, fpType);
             Operand pred = GetPredicate(context, srcPred, srcPredInv);
 
             res = GetPredLogicalOp(context, logicOp, res, pred);
@@ -282,12 +435,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             bool absoluteB,
             bool negateA,
             bool negateB,
-            bool writeCC)
+            bool writeCC,
+            bool isFP64 = false)
         {
-            srcA = context.FPAbsNeg(srcA, absoluteA, negateA);
-            srcB = context.FPAbsNeg(srcB, absoluteB, negateB);
+            Instruction fpType = isFP64 ? Instruction.FP64 : Instruction.FP32;
 
-            Operand p0Res = GetFPComparison(context, cmpOp, srcA, srcB);
+            srcA = context.FPAbsNeg(srcA, absoluteA, negateA, fpType);
+            srcB = context.FPAbsNeg(srcB, absoluteB, negateB, fpType);
+
+            Operand p0Res = GetFPComparison(context, cmpOp, srcA, srcB, fpType);
             Operand p1Res = context.BitwiseNot(p0Res);
             Operand pred = GetPredicate(context, srcPred, srcPredInv);
 
@@ -367,7 +523,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             context.Copy(Register(destPredInv, RegisterType.Predicate), p1Res);
         }
 
-        private static Operand GetFPComparison(EmitterContext context, FComp cond, Operand srcA, Operand srcB)
+        private static Operand GetFPComparison(EmitterContext context, FComp cond, Operand srcA, Operand srcB, Instruction fpType = Instruction.FP32)
         {
             Operand res;
 
@@ -381,7 +537,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             }
             else if (cond == FComp.Nan || cond == FComp.Num)
             {
-                res = context.BitwiseOr(context.IsNan(srcA), context.IsNan(srcB));
+                res = context.BitwiseOr(context.IsNan(srcA, fpType), context.IsNan(srcB, fpType));
 
                 if (cond == FComp.Num)
                 {
@@ -404,12 +560,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
                     default: throw new ArgumentException($"Unexpected condition \"{cond}\".");
                 }
 
-                res = context.Add(inst | Instruction.FP32, Local(), srcA, srcB);
+                res = context.Add(inst | fpType, Local(), srcA, srcB);
 
                 if ((cond & FComp.Nan) != 0)
                 {
-                    res = context.BitwiseOr(res, context.IsNan(srcA));
-                    res = context.BitwiseOr(res, context.IsNan(srcB));
+                    res = context.BitwiseOr(res, context.IsNan(srcA, fpType));
+                    res = context.BitwiseOr(res, context.IsNan(srcB, fpType));
                 }
             }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Instructions/InstEmitFloatMinMax.cs

@@ -9,6 +9,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 {
     static partial class InstEmit
     {
+        public static void DmnmxR(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstDmnmxR op = context.GetOp<InstDmnmxR>();
+
+            var srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA, isFP64: true);
+            var srcB = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcB, isFP64: true);
+            var srcPred = GetPredicate(context, op.SrcPred, op.SrcPredInv);
+
+            EmitFmnmx(context, srcA, srcB, srcPred, op.Dest, op.AbsA, op.AbsB, op.NegA, op.NegB, op.WriteCC, isFP64: true);
+        }
+
+        public static void DmnmxI(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstDmnmxI op = context.GetOp<InstDmnmxI>();
+
+            var srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA, isFP64: true);
+            var srcB = GetSrcImm(context, Imm20ToFloat(op.Imm20), isFP64: true);
+            var srcPred = GetPredicate(context, op.SrcPred, op.SrcPredInv);
+
+            EmitFmnmx(context, srcA, srcB, srcPred, op.Dest, op.AbsA, op.AbsB, op.NegA, op.NegB, op.WriteCC, isFP64: true);
+        }
+
+        public static void DmnmxC(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstDmnmxC op = context.GetOp<InstDmnmxC>();
+
+            var srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA, isFP64: true);
+            var srcB = GetSrcCbuf(context, op.CbufSlot, op.CbufOffset, isFP64: true);
+            var srcPred = GetPredicate(context, op.SrcPred, op.SrcPredInv);
+
+            EmitFmnmx(context, srcA, srcB, srcPred, op.Dest, op.AbsA, op.AbsB, op.NegA, op.NegB, op.WriteCC, isFP64: true);
+        }
+
         public static void FmnmxR(EmitterContext context)
         {
             InstFmnmxR op = context.GetOp<InstFmnmxR>();
@@ -52,19 +85,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             bool absoluteB,
             bool negateA,
             bool negateB,
-            bool writeCC)
+            bool writeCC,
+            bool isFP64 = false)
         {
-            srcA = context.FPAbsNeg(srcA, absoluteA, negateA);
-            srcB = context.FPAbsNeg(srcB, absoluteB, negateB);
+            Instruction fpType = isFP64 ? Instruction.FP64 : Instruction.FP32;
 
-            Operand resMin = context.FPMinimum(srcA, srcB);
-            Operand resMax = context.FPMaximum(srcA, srcB);
+            srcA = context.FPAbsNeg(srcA, absoluteA, negateA, fpType);
+            srcB = context.FPAbsNeg(srcB, absoluteB, negateB, fpType);
 
-            Operand dest = GetDest(rd);
+            Operand resMin = context.FPMinimum(srcA, srcB, fpType);
+            Operand resMax = context.FPMaximum(srcA, srcB, fpType);
 
-            context.Copy(dest, context.ConditionalSelect(srcPred, resMin, resMax));
+            Operand res = context.ConditionalSelect(srcPred, resMin, resMax);
 
-            SetFPZnFlags(context, dest, writeCC);
+            SetDest(context, res, rd, isFP64);
+
+            SetFPZnFlags(context, res, writeCC, fpType);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Instructions/InstEmitHelper.cs

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
         {
             if (isFP64)
             {
-                return context.FP32ConvertToFP64(Const(imm));
+                return context.PackDouble2x32(Const(0), Const(imm));
             }
             else
             {
@@ -218,6 +218,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             return local;
         }
 
+        public static void SetDest(EmitterContext context, Operand value, int rd, bool isFP64)
+        {
+            if (isFP64)
+            {
+                context.Copy(GetDest(rd), context.UnpackDouble2x32Low(value));
+                context.Copy(GetDest2(rd), context.UnpackDouble2x32High(value));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                context.Copy(GetDest(rd), value);
+            }
+        }
+
         public static int Imm16ToSInt(int imm16)
         {
             return (short)imm16;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Instructions/InstEmitMultifunction.cs

@@ -61,11 +61,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
                     res = context.FPReciprocalSquareRoot(res);
                     break;
 
+                case MufuOp.Rcp64h:
+                    res = context.PackDouble2x32(OperandHelper.Const(0), res);
+                    res = context.UnpackDouble2x32High(context.FPReciprocal(res, Instruction.FP64));
+                    break;
+
+                case MufuOp.Rsq64h:
+                    res = context.PackDouble2x32(OperandHelper.Const(0), res);
+                    res = context.UnpackDouble2x32High(context.FPReciprocalSquareRoot(res, Instruction.FP64));
+                    break;
+
                 case MufuOp.Sqrt:
                     res = context.FPSquareRoot(res);
                     break;
 
-                default: /* TODO */ break;
+                default:
+                    context.Config.GpuAccessor.Log($"Invalid MUFU operation \"{op.MufuOp}\".");
+                    break;
             }
 
             context.Copy(GetDest(op.Dest), context.FPSaturate(res, op.Sat));

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Instructions/InstEmitSurface.cs

@@ -219,9 +219,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 
             Operand GetDest()
             {
-                if (dest > RegisterConsts.RegisterZeroIndex)
+                if (dest >= RegisterConsts.RegisterZeroIndex)
                 {
-                    return Const(0);
+                    return null;
                 }
 
                 return Register(dest++, RegisterType.Gpr);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Instructions/InstEmitTexture.cs

@@ -306,9 +306,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 
             Operand GetDest()
             {
-                if (rdIndex > RegisterConsts.RegisterZeroIndex)
+                if (rdIndex >= RegisterConsts.RegisterZeroIndex)
                 {
-                    return Const(0);
+                    return null;
                 }
 
                 return Register(rdIndex++, RegisterType.Gpr);
@@ -322,6 +322,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
                 {
                     Operand dest = GetDest();
 
+                    if (dest == null)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
                     TextureOperation operation = context.CreateTextureOperation(
                         Instruction.TextureSample,
                         type,
@@ -795,9 +800,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 
             Operand GetDest()
             {
-                if (dest > RegisterConsts.RegisterZeroIndex)
+                if (dest >= RegisterConsts.RegisterZeroIndex)
                 {
-                    return Const(0);
+                    return null;
                 }
 
                 return Register(dest++, RegisterType.Gpr);
@@ -809,13 +814,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             {
                 if ((compMask & 1) != 0)
                 {
+                    Operand destOperand = GetDest();
+
+                    if (destOperand == null)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
                     TextureOperation operation = context.CreateTextureOperation(
                         Instruction.TextureSample,
                         type,
                         flags,
                         handle,
                         compIndex,
-                        GetDest(),
+                        destOperand,
                         sources);
 
                     context.Add(operation);
@@ -902,9 +914,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 
             Operand GetDest()
             {
-                if (dest > RegisterConsts.RegisterZeroIndex)
+                if (dest >= RegisterConsts.RegisterZeroIndex)
                 {
-                    return Const(0);
+                    return null;
                 }
 
                 return Register(dest++, RegisterType.Gpr);
@@ -916,11 +928,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             {
                 if ((compMask & 1) != 0)
                 {
+                    Operand destOperand = GetDest();
+
+                    if (destOperand == null)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
                     // Components z and w aren't standard, we return 0 in this case and add a comment.
                     if (compIndex >= 2)
                     {
                         context.Add(new CommentNode("Unsupported component z or w found"));
-                        context.Copy(GetDest(), Const(0));
+                        context.Copy(destOperand, Const(0));
                     }
                     else
                     {
@@ -941,7 +960,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 
                         Operand fixedPointValue = context.FP32ConvertToS32(tempDest);
 
-                        context.Copy(GetDest(), fixedPointValue);
+                        context.Copy(destOperand, fixedPointValue);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1055,9 +1074,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 
             Operand GetDest()
             {
-                if (dest > RegisterConsts.RegisterZeroIndex)
+                if (dest >= RegisterConsts.RegisterZeroIndex)
                 {
-                    return Const(0);
+                    return null;
                 }
 
                 return Register(dest++, RegisterType.Gpr);
@@ -1069,13 +1088,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             {
                 if ((compMask & 1) != 0)
                 {
+                    Operand destOperand = GetDest();
+
+                    if (destOperand == null)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
                     TextureOperation operation = context.CreateTextureOperation(
                         Instruction.TextureSample,
                         type,
                         flags,
                         handle,
                         compIndex,
-                        GetDest(),
+                        destOperand,
                         sources);
 
                     context.Add(operation);
@@ -1126,9 +1152,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
 
             Operand GetDest()
             {
-                if (dest > RegisterConsts.RegisterZeroIndex)
+                if (dest >= RegisterConsts.RegisterZeroIndex)
                 {
-                    return Const(0);
+                    return null;
                 }
 
                 return Register(dest++, RegisterType.Gpr);
@@ -1149,13 +1175,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
             {
                 if ((compMask & 1) != 0)
                 {
+                    Operand destOperand = GetDest();
+
+                    if (destOperand == null)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
                     TextureOperation operation = context.CreateTextureOperation(
                         inst,
                         type,
                         flags,
                         imm,
                         compIndex,
-                        GetDest(),
+                        destOperand,
                         sources);
 
                     context.Add(operation);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/IntermediateRepresentation/Instruction.cs

@@ -68,8 +68,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.IntermediateRepresentation
         ExponentB2,
         FSIBegin,
         FSIEnd,
-        FindFirstSetS32,
-        FindFirstSetU32,
+        FindLSB,
+        FindMSBS32,
+        FindMSBU32,
         Floor,
         FusedMultiplyAdd,
         GroupMemoryBarrier,

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/StructuredIr/InstructionInfo.cs

@@ -79,14 +79,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.StructuredIr
             Add(Instruction.Ddy,                      VariableType.F32,    VariableType.F32);
             Add(Instruction.Divide,                   VariableType.Scalar, VariableType.Scalar, VariableType.Scalar);
             Add(Instruction.ExponentB2,               VariableType.Scalar, VariableType.Scalar);
-            Add(Instruction.FindFirstSetS32,          VariableType.S32,    VariableType.S32);
-            Add(Instruction.FindFirstSetU32,          VariableType.S32,    VariableType.U32);
+            Add(Instruction.FindLSB,                  VariableType.Int,    VariableType.Int);
+            Add(Instruction.FindMSBS32,               VariableType.S32,    VariableType.S32);
+            Add(Instruction.FindMSBU32,               VariableType.S32,    VariableType.U32);
             Add(Instruction.Floor,                    VariableType.Scalar, VariableType.Scalar);
             Add(Instruction.FusedMultiplyAdd,         VariableType.Scalar, VariableType.Scalar, VariableType.Scalar, VariableType.Scalar);
             Add(Instruction.ImageLoad,                VariableType.F32);
             Add(Instruction.ImageStore,               VariableType.None);
             Add(Instruction.ImageAtomic,              VariableType.S32);
-            Add(Instruction.IsNan,                    VariableType.Bool,   VariableType.F32);
+            Add(Instruction.IsNan,                    VariableType.Bool,   VariableType.Scalar);
             Add(Instruction.LoadAttribute,            VariableType.F32,    VariableType.S32,    VariableType.S32,    VariableType.S32);
             Add(Instruction.LoadConstant,             VariableType.F32,    VariableType.S32,    VariableType.S32);
             Add(Instruction.LoadGlobal,               VariableType.U32,    VariableType.S32,    VariableType.S32);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/EmitterContextInsts.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.IntermediateRepresentation;
+using System;
 
 using static Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.IntermediateRepresentation.OperandHelper;
 
@@ -181,14 +182,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             return context.Add(Instruction.EndPrimitive);
         }
 
-        public static Operand FindFirstSetS32(this EmitterContext context, Operand a)
+        public static Operand FindLSB(this EmitterContext context, Operand a)
         {
-            return context.Add(Instruction.FindFirstSetS32, Local(), a);
+            return context.Add(Instruction.FindLSB, Local(), a);
         }
 
-        public static Operand FindFirstSetU32(this EmitterContext context, Operand a)
+        public static Operand FindMSBS32(this EmitterContext context, Operand a)
         {
-            return context.Add(Instruction.FindFirstSetU32, Local(), a);
+            return context.Add(Instruction.FindMSBS32, Local(), a);
+        }
+
+        public static Operand FindMSBU32(this EmitterContext context, Operand a)
+        {
+            return context.Add(Instruction.FindMSBU32, Local(), a);
         }
 
         public static Operand FP32ConvertToFP64(this EmitterContext context, Operand a)
@@ -266,9 +272,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             return context.Add(Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.Cosine, Local(), a);
         }
 
-        public static Operand FPDivide(this EmitterContext context, Operand a, Operand b)
+        public static Operand FPDivide(this EmitterContext context, Operand a, Operand b, Instruction fpType = Instruction.FP32)
         {
-            return context.Add(Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.Divide, Local(), a, b);
+            return context.Add(fpType | Instruction.Divide, Local(), a, b);
         }
 
         public static Operand FPExponentB2(this EmitterContext context, Operand a)
@@ -296,9 +302,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             return context.Add(fpType | Instruction.Maximum, Local(), a, b);
         }
 
-        public static Operand FPMinimum(this EmitterContext context, Operand a, Operand b)
+        public static Operand FPMinimum(this EmitterContext context, Operand a, Operand b, Instruction fpType = Instruction.FP32)
         {
-            return context.Add(Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.Minimum, Local(), a, b);
+            return context.Add(fpType | Instruction.Minimum, Local(), a, b);
         }
 
         public static Operand FPMultiply(this EmitterContext context, Operand a, Operand b, Instruction fpType = Instruction.FP32)
@@ -321,14 +327,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             return context.Add(fpType | Instruction.Negate, Local(), a);
         }
 
-        public static Operand FPReciprocal(this EmitterContext context, Operand a)
+        public static Operand FPReciprocal(this EmitterContext context, Operand a, Instruction fpType = Instruction.FP32)
         {
-            return context.FPDivide(ConstF(1), a);
+            return context.FPDivide(fpType == Instruction.FP64 ? context.PackDouble2x32(1.0) : ConstF(1), a, fpType);
         }
 
-        public static Operand FPReciprocalSquareRoot(this EmitterContext context, Operand a)
+        public static Operand FPReciprocalSquareRoot(this EmitterContext context, Operand a, Instruction fpType = Instruction.FP32)
         {
-            return context.Add(Instruction.FP32 | Instruction.ReciprocalSquareRoot, Local(), a);
+            return context.Add(fpType | Instruction.ReciprocalSquareRoot, Local(), a);
         }
 
         public static Operand FPRound(this EmitterContext context, Operand a, Instruction fpType = Instruction.FP32)
@@ -348,7 +354,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
 
         public static Operand FPSaturate(this EmitterContext context, Operand a, Instruction fpType = Instruction.FP32)
         {
-            return context.Add(fpType | Instruction.Clamp, Local(), a, ConstF(0), ConstF(1));
+            return fpType == Instruction.FP64
+                ? context.Add(fpType | Instruction.Clamp, Local(), a, context.PackDouble2x32(0.0), context.PackDouble2x32(1.0))
+                : context.Add(fpType | Instruction.Clamp, Local(), a, ConstF(0), ConstF(1));
         }
 
         public static Operand FPSine(this EmitterContext context, Operand a)
@@ -536,9 +544,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             return context.Add(Instruction.Subtract, Local(), a, b);
         }
 
-        public static Operand IsNan(this EmitterContext context, Operand a)
+        public static Operand IsNan(this EmitterContext context, Operand a, Instruction fpType = Instruction.FP32)
         {
-            return context.Add(Instruction.IsNan, Local(), a);
+            return context.Add(fpType | Instruction.IsNan, Local(), a);
         }
 
         public static Operand LoadAttribute(this EmitterContext context, Operand a, Operand b, Operand c)
@@ -590,6 +598,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             return context.Add(Instruction.MultiplyHighU32, Local(), a, b);
         }
 
+        public static Operand PackDouble2x32(this EmitterContext context, double value)
+        {
+            long valueAsLong = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value);
+
+            return context.Add(Instruction.PackDouble2x32, Local(), Const((int)valueAsLong), Const((int)(valueAsLong >> 32)));
+        }
+
         public static Operand PackDouble2x32(this EmitterContext context, Operand a, Operand b)
         {
             return context.Add(Instruction.PackDouble2x32, Local(), a, b);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture/LayoutConverter.cs

@@ -250,6 +250,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture
             int height,
             int blockWidth,
             int blockHeight,
+            int lineSize,
             int stride,
             int bytesPerPixel,
             ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture
             int h = BitUtils.DivRoundUp(height, blockHeight);
 
             int outStride = BitUtils.AlignUp(w * bytesPerPixel, HostStrideAlignment);
-            int lineSize = Math.Min(stride, outStride);
+            lineSize = Math.Min(lineSize, outStride);
 
             PooledBuffer<byte> outputBuffer = BufferPool<byte>.Rent(h * outStride);
             Span<byte> output = outputBuffer.AsSpan;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture/Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture.csproj

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vic.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Video/Ryujinx.Graphics.Video.csproj

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>

Ryujinx.HLE/FileSystem/Content/ContentManager.cs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.IO.Compression;
 using System.Linq;
+using Path = System.IO.Path;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem.Content
 {
@@ -203,40 +204,37 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem.Content
 
             foreach (var ncaPath in fs.EnumerateEntries("*.cnmt.nca", SearchOptions.Default))
             {
-                fs.OpenFile(out IFile ncaFile, ncaPath.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
-                using (ncaFile)
+                using var ncaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+                fs.OpenFile(ref ncaFile.Ref(), ncaPath.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
+                var nca = new Nca(_virtualFileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.Get.AsStorage());
+                if (nca.Header.ContentType != NcaContentType.Meta)
                 {
-                    var nca = new Nca(_virtualFileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.AsStorage());
-                    if (nca.Header.ContentType != NcaContentType.Meta)
-                    {
-                        Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"{ncaPath} is not a valid metadata file");
+                    Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"{ncaPath} is not a valid metadata file");
 
-                        continue;
-                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
 
-                    using var pfs0 = nca.OpenFileSystem(0, integrityCheckLevel);
+                using var pfs0 = nca.OpenFileSystem(0, integrityCheckLevel);
+                using var cnmtFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
 
-                    pfs0.OpenFile(out IFile cnmtFile, pfs0.EnumerateEntries().Single().FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
+                pfs0.OpenFile(ref cnmtFile.Ref(), pfs0.EnumerateEntries().Single().FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
 
-                    using (cnmtFile)
-                    {
-                        var cnmt = new Cnmt(cnmtFile.AsStream());
+                var cnmt = new Cnmt(cnmtFile.Get.AsStream());
 
-                        if (cnmt.Type != ContentMetaType.AddOnContent || (cnmt.TitleId & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFE000) != aocBaseId)
-                        {
-                            continue;
-                        }
+                if (cnmt.Type != ContentMetaType.AddOnContent || (cnmt.TitleId & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFE000) != aocBaseId)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
 
-                        string ncaId = BitConverter.ToString(cnmt.ContentEntries[0].NcaId).Replace("-", "").ToLower();
-                        if (!_aocData.TryAdd(cnmt.TitleId, new AocItem(containerPath, $"{ncaId}.nca", true)))
-                        {
-                            Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Duplicate AddOnContent detected. TitleId {cnmt.TitleId:X16}");
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Found AddOnContent with TitleId {cnmt.TitleId:X16}");
-                        }
-                    }
+                string ncaId = BitConverter.ToString(cnmt.ContentEntries[0].NcaId).Replace("-", "").ToLower();
+                if (!_aocData.TryAdd(cnmt.TitleId, new AocItem(containerPath, $"{ncaId}.nca", true)))
+                {
+                    Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Duplicate AddOnContent detected. TitleId {cnmt.TitleId:X16}");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Found AddOnContent with TitleId {cnmt.TitleId:X16}");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -272,24 +270,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem.Content
             if (_aocData.TryGetValue(aocTitleId, out AocItem aoc) && aoc.Enabled)
             {
                 var file = new FileStream(aoc.ContainerPath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+                using var ncaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
                 PartitionFileSystem pfs;
-                IFile ncaFile;
 
                 switch (Path.GetExtension(aoc.ContainerPath))
                 {
                     case ".xci":
                         pfs = new Xci(_virtualFileSystem.KeySet, file.AsStorage()).OpenPartition(XciPartitionType.Secure);
-                        pfs.OpenFile(out ncaFile, aoc.NcaPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
+                        pfs.OpenFile(ref ncaFile.Ref(), aoc.NcaPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
                         break;
                     case ".nsp":
                         pfs = new PartitionFileSystem(file.AsStorage());
-                        pfs.OpenFile(out ncaFile, aoc.NcaPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
+                        pfs.OpenFile(ref ncaFile.Ref(), aoc.NcaPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
                         break;
                     default:
                         return false; // Print error?
                 }
 
-                aocStorage = new Nca(_virtualFileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.AsStorage()).OpenStorage(NcaSectionType.Data, integrityCheckLevel);
+                aocStorage = new Nca(_virtualFileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.Get.AsStorage()).OpenStorage(NcaSectionType.Data, integrityCheckLevel);
                 
                 return true;
             }
@@ -625,18 +623,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem.Content
 
         private IFile OpenPossibleFragmentedFile(IFileSystem filesystem, string path, OpenMode mode)
         {
-            IFile file;
+            using var file = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
 
             if (filesystem.FileExists($"{path}/00"))
             {
-                filesystem.OpenFile(out file, $"{path}/00".ToU8Span(), mode);
+                filesystem.OpenFile(ref file.Ref(), $"{path}/00".ToU8Span(), mode);
             }
             else
             {
-                filesystem.OpenFile(out file, path.ToU8Span(), mode);
+                filesystem.OpenFile(ref file.Ref(), path.ToU8Span(), mode);
             }
 
-            return file;
+            return file.Release();
         }
 
         private Stream GetZipStream(ZipArchiveEntry entry)
@@ -753,9 +751,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem.Content
 
                         string cnmtPath = fs.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.cnmt").Single().FullPath;
 
-                        if (fs.OpenFile(out IFile metaFile, cnmtPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
+                        using var metaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+                        if (fs.OpenFile(ref metaFile.Ref(), cnmtPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
                         {
-                            var meta = new Cnmt(metaFile.AsStream());
+                            var meta = new Cnmt(metaFile.Get.AsStream());
 
                             if (meta.Type == ContentMetaType.SystemUpdate)
                             {
@@ -781,9 +781,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem.Content
 
                             var romfs = nca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Data, IntegrityCheckLevel.ErrorOnInvalid);
 
-                            if (romfs.OpenFile(out IFile systemVersionFile, "/file".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
+                            using var systemVersionFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+                            if (romfs.OpenFile(ref systemVersionFile.Ref(), "/file".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
                             {
-                                systemVersion = new SystemVersion(systemVersionFile.AsStream());
+                                systemVersion = new SystemVersion(systemVersionFile.Get.AsStream());
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -818,9 +820,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem.Content
 
                                     string cnmtPath = fs.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.cnmt").Single().FullPath;
 
-                                    if (fs.OpenFile(out IFile metaFile, cnmtPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
+                                    using var metaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+                                    if (fs.OpenFile(ref metaFile.Ref(), cnmtPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
                                     {
-                                        var meta = new Cnmt(metaFile.AsStream());
+                                        var meta = new Cnmt(metaFile.Get.AsStream());
 
                                         IStorage contentStorage = contentNcaStream.AsStorage();
                                         if (contentStorage.GetSize(out long size).IsSuccess())
@@ -887,9 +891,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem.Content
 
                         string cnmtPath = fs.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.cnmt").Single().FullPath;
 
-                        if (fs.OpenFile(out IFile metaFile, cnmtPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
+                        using var metaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+                        if (fs.OpenFile(ref metaFile.Ref(), cnmtPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
                         {
-                            var meta = new Cnmt(metaFile.AsStream());
+                            var meta = new Cnmt(metaFile.Get.AsStream());
 
                             if (meta.Type == ContentMetaType.SystemUpdate)
                             {
@@ -903,9 +909,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem.Content
                     {
                         var romfs = nca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Data, IntegrityCheckLevel.ErrorOnInvalid);
 
-                        if (romfs.OpenFile(out IFile systemVersionFile, "/file".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
+                        using var systemVersionFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+                        if (romfs.OpenFile(ref systemVersionFile.Ref(), "/file".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
                         {
-                            systemVersion = new SystemVersion(systemVersionFile.AsStream());
+                            systemVersion = new SystemVersion(systemVersionFile.Get.AsStream());
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -952,9 +960,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem.Content
 
                         string cnmtPath = fs.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.cnmt").Single().FullPath;
 
-                        if (fs.OpenFile(out IFile metaFile, cnmtPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
+                        using var metaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+                        if (fs.OpenFile(ref metaFile.Ref(), cnmtPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
                         {
-                            var meta = new Cnmt(metaFile.AsStream());
+                            var meta = new Cnmt(metaFile.Get.AsStream());
 
                             if (contentStorage.GetSize(out long size).IsSuccess())
                             {
@@ -1020,9 +1030,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem.Content
                             {
                                 var romfs = nca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Data, IntegrityCheckLevel.ErrorOnInvalid);
 
-                                if (romfs.OpenFile(out IFile systemVersionFile, "/file".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
+                                using var systemVersionFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+                                if (romfs.OpenFile(ref systemVersionFile.Ref(), "/file".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).IsSuccess())
                                 {
-                                    return new SystemVersion(systemVersionFile.AsStream());
+                                    return new SystemVersion(systemVersionFile.Get.AsStream());
                                 }
                             }
 

Ryujinx.HLE/FileSystem/EncryptedFileSystemCreator.cs

@@ -3,25 +3,23 @@ using LibHac.Common;
 using LibHac.Fs;
 using LibHac.Fs.Fsa;
 using LibHac.FsSrv.FsCreator;
-using LibHac.FsSystem;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem
 {
     public class EncryptedFileSystemCreator : IEncryptedFileSystemCreator
     {
-        public Result Create(out ReferenceCountedDisposable<IFileSystem> encryptedFileSystem, ReferenceCountedDisposable<IFileSystem> baseFileSystem,
-            EncryptedFsKeyId keyId, in EncryptionSeed encryptionSeed)
-        {
-            UnsafeHelpers.SkipParamInit(out encryptedFileSystem);
 
-            if (keyId < EncryptedFsKeyId.Save || keyId > EncryptedFsKeyId.CustomStorage)
+        public Result Create(ref SharedRef<IFileSystem> outEncryptedFileSystem,
+            ref SharedRef<IFileSystem> baseFileSystem, IEncryptedFileSystemCreator.KeyId idIndex,
+            in EncryptionSeed encryptionSeed)
+        {
+            if (idIndex < IEncryptedFileSystemCreator.KeyId.Save || idIndex > IEncryptedFileSystemCreator.KeyId.CustomStorage)
             {
                 return ResultFs.InvalidArgument.Log();
             }
 
-            // Force all-zero keys for now since people can open the emulator with different keys or sd seeds sometimes
-            var fs = new AesXtsFileSystem(baseFileSystem, new byte[0x32], 0x4000);
-            encryptedFileSystem = new ReferenceCountedDisposable<IFileSystem>(fs);
+            // Todo: Reenable when AesXtsFileSystem is fixed
+            outEncryptedFileSystem = SharedRef<IFileSystem>.CreateMove(ref baseFileSystem);
 
             return Result.Success;
         }

Ryujinx.HLE/FileSystem/VirtualFileSystem.cs

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ using System.Buffers.Text;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+using Path = System.IO.Path;
 using RightsId = LibHac.Fs.RightsId;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem
@@ -240,11 +242,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem
         {
             foreach (DirectoryEntryEx ticketEntry in fs.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.tik"))
             {
-                Result result = fs.OpenFile(out IFile ticketFile, ticketEntry.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
+                using var ticketFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+                Result result = fs.OpenFile(ref ticketFile.Ref(), ticketEntry.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
 
                 if (result.IsSuccess())
                 {
-                    Ticket ticket = new Ticket(ticketFile.AsStream());
+                    Ticket ticket = new Ticket(ticketFile.Get.AsStream());
 
                     if (ticket.TitleKeyType == TitleKeyType.Common)
                     {
@@ -280,12 +284,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem
         {
             Span<SaveDataInfo> info = stackalloc SaveDataInfo[8];
 
-            Result rc = hos.Fs.OpenSaveDataIterator(out var iterator, spaceId);
+            using var iterator = new UniqueRef<SaveDataIterator>();
+
+            Result rc = hos.Fs.OpenSaveDataIterator(ref iterator.Ref(), spaceId);
             if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc;
 
             while (true)
             {
-                rc = iterator.ReadSaveDataInfo(out long count, info);
+                rc = iterator.Get.ReadSaveDataInfo(out long count, info);
                 if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc;
 
                 if (count == 0)

Ryujinx.HLE/HLEConfiguration.cs

@@ -98,6 +98,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
         /// </summary>
         internal readonly bool EnablePtc;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Control if the guest application should be told that there is a Internet connection available.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal readonly bool EnableInternetAccess;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Control LibHac's integrity check level.
         /// </summary>
@@ -122,8 +127,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
         /// <remarks>This cannot be changed after <see cref="Switch"/> instantiation.</remarks>
         internal readonly string TimeZone;
 
-
         /// <summary>
+        /// Type of the memory manager used on CPU emulation.
         /// </summary>
         public MemoryManagerMode MemoryManagerMode { internal get; set; }
 
@@ -139,6 +144,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
         /// </summary>
         public AspectRatio AspectRatio { get; set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The audio volume level.
+        /// </summary>
+        public float AudioVolume { get; set; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// An action called when HLE force a refresh of output after docked mode changed.
         /// </summary>
@@ -158,13 +168,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
                                 bool                   enableVsync,
                                 bool                   enableDockedMode,
                                 bool                   enablePtc,
+                                bool                   enableInternetAccess,
                                 IntegrityCheckLevel    fsIntegrityCheckLevel,
                                 int                    fsGlobalAccessLogMode,
                                 long                   systemTimeOffset,
                                 string                 timeZone,
                                 MemoryManagerMode      memoryManagerMode,
                                 bool                   ignoreMissingServices,
-                                AspectRatio            aspectRatio)
+                                AspectRatio            aspectRatio,
+                                float                  audioVolume)
         {
             VirtualFileSystem      = virtualFileSystem;
             LibHacHorizonManager   = libHacHorizonManager;
@@ -180,6 +192,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
             EnableVsync            = enableVsync;
             EnableDockedMode       = enableDockedMode;
             EnablePtc              = enablePtc;
+            EnableInternetAccess   = enableInternetAccess;
             FsIntegrityCheckLevel  = fsIntegrityCheckLevel;
             FsGlobalAccessLogMode  = fsGlobalAccessLogMode;
             SystemTimeOffset       = systemTimeOffset;
@@ -187,6 +200,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE
             MemoryManagerMode      = memoryManagerMode;
             IgnoreMissingServices  = ignoreMissingServices;
             AspectRatio            = aspectRatio;
+            AudioVolume            = audioVolume;
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Applets/Error/ErrorApplet.cs

@@ -116,8 +116,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.Error
 
                 if (romfs.FileExists(filePath))
                 {
-                    romfs.OpenFile(out IFile binaryFile, filePath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
-                    StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(binaryFile.AsStream(), Encoding.Unicode);
+                    using var binaryFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+                    romfs.OpenFile(ref binaryFile.Ref(), filePath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+                    StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(binaryFile.Get.AsStream(), Encoding.Unicode);
 
                     return CleanText(reader.ReadToEnd());
                 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Applets/SoftwareKeyboard/SoftwareKeyboardApplet.cs

@@ -170,7 +170,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets
         {
             _npads?.Update();
 
-            return _keyboardRenderer?.DrawTo(surfaceInfo, destination, position) ?? false;
+            _keyboardRenderer?.SetSurfaceInfo(surfaceInfo);
+
+            return _keyboardRenderer?.DrawTo(destination, position) ?? false;
         }
 
         private void ExecuteForegroundKeyboard()

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Applets/SoftwareKeyboard/SoftwareKeyboardRenderer.cs

@@ -1,717 +1,164 @@
 using Ryujinx.HLE.Ui;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
-using System.Buffers.Binary;
-using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.Drawing;
-using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
-using System.Drawing.Imaging;
-using System.Drawing.Text;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Numerics;
-using System.Reflection;
-using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// Class that generates the graphics for the software keyboard applet during inline mode.
+    /// Class that manages the renderer base class and its state in a multithreaded context.
     /// </summary>
     internal class SoftwareKeyboardRenderer : IDisposable
     {
-        const int TextBoxBlinkThreshold            = 8;
-        const int TextBoxBlinkSleepMilliseconds    = 100;
-        const int TextBoxBlinkJoinWaitMilliseconds = 1000;
+        private const int TextBoxBlinkSleepMilliseconds   = 100;
+        private const int RendererWaitTimeoutMilliseconds = 100;
 
-        const string MessageText          = "Please use the keyboard to input text";
-        const string AcceptText           = "Accept";
-        const string CancelText           = "Cancel";
-        const string ControllerToggleText = "Toggle input";
+        private readonly object _stateLock  = new object();
 
-        private RenderingSurfaceInfo _surfaceInfo;
-        private Bitmap               _surface    = null;
-        private object               _renderLock = new object();
+        private SoftwareKeyboardUiState      _state = new SoftwareKeyboardUiState();
+        private SoftwareKeyboardRendererBase _renderer;
 
-        private string _inputText         = "";
-        private int    _cursorStart       = 0;
-        private int    _cursorEnd         = 0;
-        private bool   _acceptPressed     = false;
-        private bool   _cancelPressed     = false;
-        private bool   _overwriteMode     = false;
-        private bool   _typingEnabled     = true;
-        private bool   _controllerEnabled = true;
-
-        private Image _ryujinxLogo   = null;
-        private Image _padAcceptIcon = null;
-        private Image _padCancelIcon = null;
-        private Image _keyModeIcon   = null;
-
-        private float _textBoxOutlineWidth;
-        private float _padPressedPenWidth;
-
-        private Brush _panelBrush;
-        private Brush _disabledBrush;
-        private Brush _textNormalBrush;
-        private Brush _textSelectedBrush;
-        private Brush _textOverCursorBrush;
-        private Brush _cursorBrush;
-        private Brush _selectionBoxBrush;
-        private Brush _keyCapBrush;
-        private Brush _keyProgressBrush;
-
-        private Pen _gridSeparatorPen;
-        private Pen _textBoxOutlinePen;
-        private Pen _cursorPen;
-        private Pen _selectionBoxPen;
-        private Pen _padPressedPen;
-
-        private int  _inputTextFontSize;
-        private int  _padButtonFontSize;
-        private Font _messageFont;
-        private Font _inputTextFont;
-        private Font _labelsTextFont;
-        private Font _padSymbolFont;
-        private Font _keyCapFont;
-
-        private float      _inputTextCalibrationHeight;
-        private float      _panelPositionY;
-        private RectangleF _panelRectangle;
-        private PointF     _logoPosition;
-        private float      _messagePositionY;
-
-        private TRef<int>   _textBoxBlinkCounter     = new TRef<int>(0);
         private TimedAction _textBoxBlinkTimedAction = new TimedAction();
+        private TimedAction _renderAction            = new TimedAction();
 
         public SoftwareKeyboardRenderer(IHostUiTheme uiTheme)
         {
-            _surfaceInfo = new RenderingSurfaceInfo(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+            _renderer = new SoftwareKeyboardRendererBase(uiTheme);
 
-            string ryujinxLogoPath = "Ryujinx.Ui.Resources.Logo_Ryujinx.png";
-            int    ryujinxLogoSize = 32;
-
-            _ryujinxLogo = LoadResource(Assembly.GetEntryAssembly(), ryujinxLogoPath, ryujinxLogoSize, ryujinxLogoSize);
-
-            string padAcceptIconPath = "Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard.Resources.Icon_BtnA.png";
-            string padCancelIconPath = "Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard.Resources.Icon_BtnB.png";
-            string keyModeIconPath   = "Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard.Resources.Icon_KeyF6.png";
-
-            _padAcceptIcon = LoadResource(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(), padAcceptIconPath  , 0, 0);
-            _padCancelIcon = LoadResource(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(), padCancelIconPath  , 0, 0);
-            _keyModeIcon   = LoadResource(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(), keyModeIconPath    , 0, 0);
-
-            Color panelColor               = ToColor(uiTheme.DefaultBackgroundColor, 255);
-            Color panelTransparentColor    = ToColor(uiTheme.DefaultBackgroundColor, 150);
-            Color normalTextColor          = ToColor(uiTheme.DefaultForegroundColor);
-            Color invertedTextColor        = ToColor(uiTheme.DefaultForegroundColor, null, true);
-            Color selectedTextColor        = ToColor(uiTheme.SelectionForegroundColor);
-            Color borderColor              = ToColor(uiTheme.DefaultBorderColor);
-            Color selectionBackgroundColor = ToColor(uiTheme.SelectionBackgroundColor);
-            Color gridSeparatorColor       = Color.FromArgb(180, 255, 255, 255);
-
-            float cursorWidth = 2;
-
-            _textBoxOutlineWidth = 2;
-            _padPressedPenWidth  = 2;
-
-            _panelBrush          = new SolidBrush(panelColor);
-            _disabledBrush       = new SolidBrush(panelTransparentColor);
-            _textNormalBrush     = new SolidBrush(normalTextColor);
-            _textSelectedBrush   = new SolidBrush(selectedTextColor);
-            _textOverCursorBrush = new SolidBrush(invertedTextColor);
-            _cursorBrush         = new SolidBrush(normalTextColor);
-            _selectionBoxBrush   = new SolidBrush(selectionBackgroundColor);
-            _keyCapBrush         = Brushes.White;
-            _keyProgressBrush    = new SolidBrush(borderColor);
-
-            _gridSeparatorPen    = new Pen(gridSeparatorColor, 2);
-            _textBoxOutlinePen   = new Pen(borderColor, _textBoxOutlineWidth);
-            _cursorPen           = new Pen(normalTextColor, cursorWidth);
-            _selectionBoxPen     = new Pen(selectionBackgroundColor, cursorWidth);
-            _padPressedPen       = new Pen(borderColor, _padPressedPenWidth);
-
-            _inputTextFontSize = 20;
-            _padButtonFontSize = 24;
-
-            string font = uiTheme.FontFamily;
-
-            _messageFont    = new Font(font, 26,                 FontStyle.Regular, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
-            _inputTextFont  = new Font(font, _inputTextFontSize, FontStyle.Regular, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
-            _labelsTextFont = new Font(font, 24,                 FontStyle.Regular, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
-            _padSymbolFont  = new Font(font, _padButtonFontSize, FontStyle.Regular, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
-            _keyCapFont     = new Font(font, 15,                 FontStyle.Regular, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
-
-            // System.Drawing has serious problems measuring strings, so it requires a per-pixel calibration
-            // to ensure we are rendering text inside the proper region
-            _inputTextCalibrationHeight = CalibrateTextHeight(_inputTextFont);
-
-            StartTextBoxBlinker(_textBoxBlinkTimedAction, _textBoxBlinkCounter);
+            StartTextBoxBlinker(_textBoxBlinkTimedAction, _state, _stateLock);
+            StartRenderer(_renderAction, _renderer, _state, _stateLock);
         }
 
-        private static void StartTextBoxBlinker(TimedAction timedAction, TRef<int> blinkerCounter)
+        private static void StartTextBoxBlinker(TimedAction timedAction, SoftwareKeyboardUiState state, object stateLock)
         {
             timedAction.Reset(() =>
             {
-                // The blinker is on falf of the time and events such as input
-                // changes can reset the blinker.
-                var value = Volatile.Read(ref blinkerCounter.Value);
-                value = (value + 1) % (2 * TextBoxBlinkThreshold);
-                Volatile.Write(ref blinkerCounter.Value, value);
+                lock (stateLock)
+                {
+                    // The blinker is on half of the time and events such as input
+                    // changes can reset the blinker.
+                    state.TextBoxBlinkCounter = (state.TextBoxBlinkCounter + 1) % (2 * SoftwareKeyboardRendererBase.TextBoxBlinkThreshold);
 
+                    // Tell the render thread there is something new to render.
+                    Monitor.PulseAll(stateLock);
+                }
             }, TextBoxBlinkSleepMilliseconds);
         }
 
-        private Color ToColor(ThemeColor color, byte? overrideAlpha = null, bool flipRgb = false)
+        private static void StartRenderer(TimedAction timedAction, SoftwareKeyboardRendererBase renderer, SoftwareKeyboardUiState state, object stateLock)
         {
-            var a = (byte)(color.A * 255);
-            var r = (byte)(color.R * 255);
-            var g = (byte)(color.G * 255);
-            var b = (byte)(color.B * 255);
+            SoftwareKeyboardUiState internalState = new SoftwareKeyboardUiState();
 
-            if (flipRgb)
+            bool canCreateSurface = false;
+            bool needsUpdate      = true;
+
+            timedAction.Reset(() =>
             {
-                r = (byte)(255 - r);
-                g = (byte)(255 - g);
-                b = (byte)(255 - b);
-            }
+                lock (stateLock)
+                {
+                    if (!Monitor.Wait(stateLock, RendererWaitTimeoutMilliseconds))
+                    {
+                        return;
+                    }
 
-            return Color.FromArgb(overrideAlpha.GetValueOrDefault(a), r, g, b);
+                    needsUpdate  = UpdateStateField(ref state.InputText,           ref internalState.InputText);
+                    needsUpdate |= UpdateStateField(ref state.CursorBegin,         ref internalState.CursorBegin);
+                    needsUpdate |= UpdateStateField(ref state.CursorEnd,           ref internalState.CursorEnd);
+                    needsUpdate |= UpdateStateField(ref state.AcceptPressed,       ref internalState.AcceptPressed);
+                    needsUpdate |= UpdateStateField(ref state.CancelPressed,       ref internalState.CancelPressed);
+                    needsUpdate |= UpdateStateField(ref state.OverwriteMode,       ref internalState.OverwriteMode);
+                    needsUpdate |= UpdateStateField(ref state.TypingEnabled,       ref internalState.TypingEnabled);
+                    needsUpdate |= UpdateStateField(ref state.ControllerEnabled,   ref internalState.ControllerEnabled);
+                    needsUpdate |= UpdateStateField(ref state.TextBoxBlinkCounter, ref internalState.TextBoxBlinkCounter);
+
+                    canCreateSurface = state.SurfaceInfo != null && internalState.SurfaceInfo == null;
+
+                    if (canCreateSurface)
+                    {
+                        internalState.SurfaceInfo = state.SurfaceInfo;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (canCreateSurface)
+                {
+                    renderer.CreateSurface(internalState.SurfaceInfo);
+                }
+
+                if (needsUpdate)
+                {
+                    renderer.DrawMutableElements(internalState);
+                    renderer.CopyImageToBuffer();
+                    needsUpdate = false;
+                }
+            });
         }
 
-        private Image LoadResource(Assembly assembly, string resourcePath, int newWidth, int newHeight)
+        private static bool UpdateStateField<T>(ref T source, ref T destination) where T : IEquatable<T>
         {
-            Stream resourceStream = assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(resourcePath);
-
-            Debug.Assert(resourceStream != null);
-
-            var originalImage = Image.FromStream(resourceStream);
-
-            if (newHeight == 0 || newWidth == 0)
+            if (!source.Equals(destination))
             {
-                return originalImage;
+                destination = source;
+                return true;
             }
 
-            var newSize = new Rectangle(0, 0, newWidth, newHeight);
-            var newImage = new Bitmap(newWidth, newHeight);
-
-            using (var graphics = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(newImage))
-            using (var wrapMode = new ImageAttributes())
-            {
-                graphics.InterpolationMode  = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
-                graphics.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighQuality;
-                graphics.CompositingMode    = CompositingMode.SourceCopy;
-                graphics.PixelOffsetMode    = PixelOffsetMode.HighQuality;
-                graphics.SmoothingMode      = SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
-
-                wrapMode.SetWrapMode(WrapMode.TileFlipXY);
-                graphics.DrawImage(originalImage, newSize, 0, 0, originalImage.Width, originalImage.Height, GraphicsUnit.Pixel, wrapMode);
-            }
-
-            return newImage;
+            return false;
         }
 
 #pragma warning disable CS8632
-        public void UpdateTextState(string? inputText, int? cursorStart, int? cursorEnd, bool? overwriteMode, bool? typingEnabled)
+        public void UpdateTextState(string? inputText, int? cursorBegin, int? cursorEnd, bool? overwriteMode, bool? typingEnabled)
 #pragma warning restore CS8632
         {
-            lock (_renderLock)
+            lock (_stateLock)
             {
                 // Update the parameters that were provided.
-                _inputText     = inputText != null ? inputText : _inputText;
-                _cursorStart   = cursorStart.GetValueOrDefault(_cursorStart);
-                _cursorEnd     = cursorEnd.GetValueOrDefault(_cursorEnd);
-                _overwriteMode = overwriteMode.GetValueOrDefault(_overwriteMode);
-                _typingEnabled = typingEnabled.GetValueOrDefault(_typingEnabled);
+                _state.InputText     = inputText != null ? inputText : _state.InputText;
+                _state.CursorBegin   = cursorBegin.GetValueOrDefault(_state.CursorBegin);
+                _state.CursorEnd     = cursorEnd.GetValueOrDefault(_state.CursorEnd);
+                _state.OverwriteMode = overwriteMode.GetValueOrDefault(_state.OverwriteMode);
+                _state.TypingEnabled = typingEnabled.GetValueOrDefault(_state.TypingEnabled);
 
                 // Reset the cursor blink.
-                Volatile.Write(ref _textBoxBlinkCounter.Value, 0);
+                _state.TextBoxBlinkCounter = 0;
+
+                // Tell the render thread there is something new to render.
+                Monitor.PulseAll(_stateLock);
             }
         }
 
         public void UpdateCommandState(bool? acceptPressed, bool? cancelPressed, bool? controllerEnabled)
         {
-            lock (_renderLock)
+            lock (_stateLock)
             {
                 // Update the parameters that were provided.
-                _acceptPressed     = acceptPressed.GetValueOrDefault(_acceptPressed);
-                _cancelPressed     = cancelPressed.GetValueOrDefault(_cancelPressed);
-                _controllerEnabled = controllerEnabled.GetValueOrDefault(_controllerEnabled);
+                _state.AcceptPressed     = acceptPressed.GetValueOrDefault(_state.AcceptPressed);
+                _state.CancelPressed     = cancelPressed.GetValueOrDefault(_state.CancelPressed);
+                _state.ControllerEnabled = controllerEnabled.GetValueOrDefault(_state.ControllerEnabled);
+
+                // Tell the render thread there is something new to render.
+                Monitor.PulseAll(_stateLock);
             }
         }
 
-        private void Redraw()
+        public void SetSurfaceInfo(RenderingSurfaceInfo surfaceInfo)
         {
-            if (_surface == null)
+            lock (_stateLock)
             {
-                return;
-            }
+                _state.SurfaceInfo = surfaceInfo;
 
-            using (var graphics = CreateGraphics())
-            {
-                var    messageRectangle = MeasureString(graphics, MessageText, _messageFont);
-                float  messagePositionX = (_panelRectangle.Width - messageRectangle.Width) / 2 - messageRectangle.X;
-                float  messagePositionY = _messagePositionY - messageRectangle.Y;
-                PointF messagePosition  = new PointF(messagePositionX, messagePositionY);
-
-                graphics.Clear(Color.Transparent);
-                graphics.TranslateTransform(0, _panelPositionY);
-                graphics.FillRectangle(_panelBrush, _panelRectangle);
-                graphics.DrawImage(_ryujinxLogo, _logoPosition);
-
-                DrawString(graphics, MessageText, _messageFont, _textNormalBrush, messagePosition);
-
-                if (!_typingEnabled)
-                {
-                    // Just draw a semi-transparent rectangle on top to fade the component with the background.
-                    // TODO (caian): This will not work if one decides to add make background semi-transparent as well.
-                    graphics.FillRectangle(_disabledBrush, messagePositionX, messagePositionY, messageRectangle.Width, messageRectangle.Height);
-                }
-
-                DrawTextBox(graphics);
-
-                float halfWidth = _panelRectangle.Width / 2;
-
-                PointF acceptButtonPosition  = new PointF(halfWidth - 180, 185);
-                PointF cancelButtonPosition  = new PointF(halfWidth      , 185);
-                PointF disableButtonPosition = new PointF(halfWidth + 180, 185);
-
-                DrawPadButton       (graphics, acceptButtonPosition , _padAcceptIcon, AcceptText, _acceptPressed, _controllerEnabled);
-                DrawPadButton       (graphics, cancelButtonPosition , _padCancelIcon, CancelText, _cancelPressed, _controllerEnabled);
-                DrawControllerToggle(graphics, disableButtonPosition, _controllerEnabled);
+                // Tell the render thread there is something new to render.
+                Monitor.PulseAll(_stateLock);
             }
         }
 
-        private void RecreateSurface()
+        internal bool DrawTo(IVirtualMemoryManager destination, ulong position)
         {
-            Debug.Assert(_surfaceInfo.ColorFormat == Services.SurfaceFlinger.ColorFormat.A8B8G8R8);
-
-            // Use the whole area of the image to draw, even the alignment, otherwise it may shear the final
-            // image if the pitch is different.
-            uint totalWidth  = _surfaceInfo.Pitch / 4;
-            uint totalHeight = _surfaceInfo.Size / _surfaceInfo.Pitch;
-
-            Debug.Assert(_surfaceInfo.Width <= totalWidth);
-            Debug.Assert(_surfaceInfo.Height <= totalHeight);
-            Debug.Assert(_surfaceInfo.Pitch * _surfaceInfo.Height <= _surfaceInfo.Size);
-
-            _surface = new Bitmap((int)totalWidth, (int)totalHeight, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
-        }
-
-        private void RecomputeConstants()
-        {
-            float totalWidth  = _surfaceInfo.Width;
-            float totalHeight = _surfaceInfo.Height;
-
-            float panelHeight = 240;
-
-            _panelPositionY = totalHeight - panelHeight;
-            _panelRectangle = new RectangleF(0, 0, totalWidth, panelHeight);
-
-            _messagePositionY = 60;
-
-            float logoPositionX = (totalWidth - _ryujinxLogo.Width) / 2;
-            float logoPositionY = 18;
-
-            _logoPosition = new PointF(logoPositionX, logoPositionY);
-        }
-
-        private StringFormat CreateStringFormat(string text)
-        {
-            StringFormat format = new StringFormat(StringFormat.GenericTypographic);
-            format.FormatFlags |= StringFormatFlags.MeasureTrailingSpaces;
-            format.SetMeasurableCharacterRanges(new CharacterRange[] { new CharacterRange(0, text.Length) });
-
-            return format;
-        }
-
-        private RectangleF MeasureString(System.Drawing.Graphics graphics, string text, System.Drawing.Font font)
-        {
-            bool isEmpty = false;
-
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(text))
-            {
-                isEmpty = true;
-                text = " ";
-            }
-
-            var format    = CreateStringFormat(text);
-            var rectangle = new RectangleF(0, 0, float.PositiveInfinity, float.PositiveInfinity);
-            var regions   = graphics.MeasureCharacterRanges(text, font, rectangle, format);
-
-            Debug.Assert(regions.Length == 1);
-
-            rectangle = regions[0].GetBounds(graphics);
-
-            if (isEmpty)
-            {
-                rectangle.Width = 0;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                rectangle.Width += 1.0f;
-            }
-
-            return rectangle;
-        }
-
-        private float CalibrateTextHeight(Font font)
-        {
-            // This is a pixel-wise calibration that tests the offset of a reference character because Windows text measurement
-            // is horrible when compared to other frameworks like Cairo and diverge across systems and fonts.
-
-            Debug.Assert(font.Unit == GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
-
-            var surfaceSize = (int)Math.Ceiling(2 * font.Size);
-
-            string calibrationText = "|";
-
-            using (var surface = new Bitmap(surfaceSize, surfaceSize, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb))
-            using (var graphics = CreateGraphics(surface))
-            {
-                var measuredRectangle = MeasureString(graphics, calibrationText, font);
-
-                Debug.Assert(measuredRectangle.Right  <= surfaceSize);
-                Debug.Assert(measuredRectangle.Bottom <= surfaceSize);
-
-                var textPosition = new PointF(0, 0);
-
-                graphics.Clear(Color.Transparent);
-                DrawString(graphics, calibrationText, font, Brushes.White, textPosition);
-
-                var lockRectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, surface.Width, surface.Height);
-                var surfaceData   = surface.LockBits(lockRectangle, ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
-                var surfaceBytes  = new byte[surfaceData.Stride * surfaceData.Height];
-
-                Marshal.Copy(surfaceData.Scan0, surfaceBytes, 0, surfaceBytes.Length);
-
-                Point topLeft    = new Point();
-                Point bottomLeft = new Point();
-
-                bool foundTopLeft = false;
-
-                for (int y = 0; y < surfaceData.Height; y++)
-                {
-                    for (int x = 0; x < surfaceData.Stride; x += 4)
-                    {
-                        int position = y * surfaceData.Stride + x;
-
-                        if (surfaceBytes[position] != 0)
-                        {
-                            if (!foundTopLeft)
-                            {
-                                topLeft.X    = x;
-                                topLeft.Y    = y;
-                                foundTopLeft = true;
-
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                bottomLeft.X = x;
-                                bottomLeft.Y = y;
-
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                return bottomLeft.Y - topLeft.Y;
-            }
-        }
-
-        private void DrawString(System.Drawing.Graphics graphics, string text, Font font, Brush brush, PointF point)
-        {
-            var format = CreateStringFormat(text);
-            graphics.DrawString(text, font, brush, point, format);
-        }
-
-        private System.Drawing.Graphics CreateGraphics()
-        {
-            return CreateGraphics(_surface);
-        }
-
-        private System.Drawing.Graphics CreateGraphics(Image surface)
-        {
-            var graphics = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(surface);
-
-            graphics.TextRenderingHint = TextRenderingHint.ClearTypeGridFit;
-            graphics.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.NearestNeighbor;
-            graphics.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighSpeed;
-            graphics.CompositingMode = CompositingMode.SourceOver;
-            graphics.PixelOffsetMode = PixelOffsetMode.HighSpeed;
-            graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.HighSpeed;
-
-            return graphics;
-        }
-
-        private void DrawTextBox(System.Drawing.Graphics graphics)
-        {
-            var inputTextRectangle = MeasureString(graphics, _inputText, _inputTextFont);
-
-            float boxWidth  = (int)(Math.Max(300, inputTextRectangle.Width + inputTextRectangle.X + 8));
-            float boxHeight = 32;
-            float boxY      = 110;
-            float boxX      = (int)((_panelRectangle.Width - boxWidth) / 2);
-
-            graphics.DrawRectangle(_textBoxOutlinePen, boxX, boxY, boxWidth, boxHeight);
-
-            float inputTextX = (_panelRectangle.Width - inputTextRectangle.Width) / 2 - inputTextRectangle.X;
-            float inputTextY = boxY + boxHeight - inputTextRectangle.Bottom - 5;
-
-            var inputTextPosition = new PointF(inputTextX, inputTextY);
-
-            DrawString(graphics, _inputText, _inputTextFont, _textNormalBrush, inputTextPosition);
-
-            // Draw the cursor on top of the text and redraw the text with a different color if necessary.
-
-            Brush cursorTextBrush;
-            Brush cursorBrush;
-            Pen   cursorPen;
-
-            float cursorPositionYBottom = inputTextY + inputTextRectangle.Bottom;
-            float cursorPositionYTop    = cursorPositionYBottom - _inputTextCalibrationHeight - 2;
-            float cursorPositionXLeft;
-            float cursorPositionXRight;
-
-            bool cursorVisible = false;
-
-            if (_cursorStart != _cursorEnd)
-            {
-                cursorTextBrush = _textSelectedBrush;
-                cursorBrush     = _selectionBoxBrush;
-                cursorPen       = _selectionBoxPen;
-
-                string textUntilBegin = _inputText.Substring(0, _cursorStart);
-                string textUntilEnd   = _inputText.Substring(0, _cursorEnd);
-
-                RectangleF selectionBeginRectangle = MeasureString(graphics, textUntilBegin, _inputTextFont);
-                RectangleF selectionEndRectangle   = MeasureString(graphics, textUntilEnd  , _inputTextFont);
-
-                cursorVisible         = true;
-                cursorPositionXLeft   = inputTextX + selectionBeginRectangle.Width + selectionBeginRectangle.X;
-                cursorPositionXRight  = inputTextX + selectionEndRectangle.Width   + selectionEndRectangle.X;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                cursorTextBrush = _textOverCursorBrush;
-                cursorBrush     = _cursorBrush;
-                cursorPen       = _cursorPen;
-
-                if (Volatile.Read(ref _textBoxBlinkCounter.Value) < TextBoxBlinkThreshold)
-                {
-                    // Show the blinking cursor.
-
-                    int        cursorStart         = Math.Min(_inputText.Length, _cursorStart);
-                    string     textUntilCursor     = _inputText.Substring(0, cursorStart);
-                    RectangleF cursorTextRectangle = MeasureString(graphics, textUntilCursor, _inputTextFont);
-
-                    cursorVisible       = true;
-                    cursorPositionXLeft = inputTextX + cursorTextRectangle.Width + cursorTextRectangle.X;
-
-                    if (_overwriteMode)
-                    {
-                        // The blinking cursor is in overwrite mode so it takes the size of a character.
-
-                        if (_cursorStart < _inputText.Length)
-                        {
-                            textUntilCursor      = _inputText.Substring(0, cursorStart + 1);
-                            cursorTextRectangle  = MeasureString(graphics, textUntilCursor, _inputTextFont);
-                            cursorPositionXRight = inputTextX + cursorTextRectangle.Width + cursorTextRectangle.X;
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            cursorPositionXRight = cursorPositionXLeft + _inputTextFontSize / 2;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        // The blinking cursor is in insert mode so it is only a line.
-                        cursorPositionXRight = cursorPositionXLeft;
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    cursorPositionXLeft  = inputTextX;
-                    cursorPositionXRight = inputTextX;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (_typingEnabled && cursorVisible)
-            {
-                float cursorWidth  = cursorPositionXRight  - cursorPositionXLeft;
-                float cursorHeight = cursorPositionYBottom - cursorPositionYTop;
-
-                if (cursorWidth == 0)
-                {
-                    graphics.DrawLine(cursorPen, cursorPositionXLeft, cursorPositionYTop, cursorPositionXLeft, cursorPositionYBottom);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    graphics.DrawRectangle(cursorPen,   cursorPositionXLeft, cursorPositionYTop, cursorWidth, cursorHeight);
-                    graphics.FillRectangle(cursorBrush, cursorPositionXLeft, cursorPositionYTop, cursorWidth, cursorHeight);
-
-                    var cursorRectangle = new RectangleF(cursorPositionXLeft, cursorPositionYTop, cursorWidth, cursorHeight);
-
-                    var oldClip   = graphics.Clip;
-                    graphics.Clip = new Region(cursorRectangle);
-
-                    DrawString(graphics, _inputText, _inputTextFont, cursorTextBrush, inputTextPosition);
-
-                    graphics.Clip = oldClip;
-                }
-            }
-            else if (!_typingEnabled)
-            {
-                // Just draw a semi-transparent rectangle on top to fade the component with the background.
-                // TODO (caian): This will not work if one decides to add make background semi-transparent as well.
-                graphics.FillRectangle(_disabledBrush, boxX - _textBoxOutlineWidth, boxY - _textBoxOutlineWidth,
-                    boxWidth + 2* _textBoxOutlineWidth, boxHeight + 2* _textBoxOutlineWidth);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private void DrawPadButton(System.Drawing.Graphics graphics, PointF point, Image icon, string label, bool pressed, bool enabled)
-        {
-            // Use relative positions so we can center the the entire drawing later.
-
-            float iconX      = 0;
-            float iconY      = 0;
-            float iconWidth  = icon.Width;
-            float iconHeight = icon.Height;
-
-            var labelRectangle = MeasureString(graphics, label, _labelsTextFont);
-
-            float labelPositionX = iconWidth + 8 - labelRectangle.X;
-            float labelPositionY = (iconHeight - labelRectangle.Height) / 2 - labelRectangle.Y - 1;
-
-            float fullWidth  = labelPositionX + labelRectangle.Width + labelRectangle.X;
-            float fullHeight = iconHeight;
-
-            // Convert all relative positions into absolute.
-
-            float originX = (int)(point.X - fullWidth  / 2);
-            float originY = (int)(point.Y - fullHeight / 2);
-
-            iconX += originX;
-            iconY += originY;
-
-            var labelPosition = new PointF(labelPositionX + originX, labelPositionY + originY);
-
-            graphics.DrawImageUnscaled(icon, (int)iconX, (int)iconY);
-
-            DrawString(graphics, label, _labelsTextFont, _textNormalBrush, labelPosition);
-
-            GraphicsPath frame = new GraphicsPath();
-            frame.AddRectangle(new RectangleF(originX - 2 * _padPressedPenWidth, originY - 2 * _padPressedPenWidth,
-                fullWidth + 4 * _padPressedPenWidth, fullHeight + 4 * _padPressedPenWidth));
-
-            if (enabled)
-            {
-                if (pressed)
-                {
-                    graphics.DrawPath(_padPressedPen, frame);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // Just draw a semi-transparent rectangle on top to fade the component with the background.
-                // TODO (caian): This will not work if one decides to add make background semi-transparent as well.
-                graphics.FillPath(_disabledBrush, frame);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private void DrawControllerToggle(System.Drawing.Graphics graphics, PointF point, bool enabled)
-        {
-            var labelRectangle = MeasureString(graphics, ControllerToggleText, _labelsTextFont);
-
-            // Use relative positions so we can center the the entire drawing later.
-
-            float keyWidth  = _keyModeIcon.Width;
-            float keyHeight = _keyModeIcon.Height;
-
-            float labelPositionX = keyWidth + 8 - labelRectangle.X;
-            float labelPositionY = -labelRectangle.Y - 1;
-
-            float keyX = 0;
-            float keyY = (int)((labelPositionY + labelRectangle.Height - keyHeight) / 2);
-
-            float fullWidth  = labelPositionX + labelRectangle.Width;
-            float fullHeight = Math.Max(labelPositionY + labelRectangle.Height, keyHeight);
-
-            // Convert all relative positions into absolute.
-
-            float originX = (int)(point.X - fullWidth  / 2);
-            float originY = (int)(point.Y - fullHeight / 2);
-
-            keyX += originX;
-            keyY += originY;
-
-            var labelPosition   = new PointF(labelPositionX + originX, labelPositionY + originY);
-            var overlayPosition = new Point((int)keyX, (int)keyY);
-
-            graphics.DrawImageUnscaled(_keyModeIcon, overlayPosition);
-
-            DrawString(graphics, ControllerToggleText, _labelsTextFont, _textNormalBrush, labelPosition);
-        }
-
-        private bool TryCopyTo(IVirtualMemoryManager destination, ulong position)
-        {
-            if (_surface == null)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            Rectangle lockRectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, _surface.Width, _surface.Height);
-            BitmapData surfaceData  = _surface.LockBits(lockRectangle, ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
-
-            Debug.Assert(surfaceData.Stride                      == _surfaceInfo.Pitch);
-            Debug.Assert(surfaceData.Stride * surfaceData.Height == _surfaceInfo.Size);
-
-            // Convert the pixel format used in System.Drawing to the one required by a Switch Surface.
-            int dataLength = surfaceData.Stride * surfaceData.Height;
-
-            byte[] data = new byte[dataLength];
-            Span<uint> dataConvert = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, uint>(data);
-
-            Marshal.Copy(surfaceData.Scan0, data, 0, dataLength);
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < dataConvert.Length; i++)
-            {
-                dataConvert[i] = BitOperations.RotateRight(BinaryPrimitives.ReverseEndianness(dataConvert[i]), 8);
-            }
-
-            try
-            {
-                destination.Write(position, data);
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                _surface.UnlockBits(surfaceData);
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        internal bool DrawTo(RenderingSurfaceInfo surfaceInfo, IVirtualMemoryManager destination, ulong position)
-        {
-            lock (_renderLock)
-            {
-                if (!_surfaceInfo.Equals(surfaceInfo))
-                {
-                    _surfaceInfo = surfaceInfo;
-                    RecreateSurface();
-                    RecomputeConstants();
-                }
-
-                Redraw();
-
-                return TryCopyTo(destination, position);
-            }
+            return _renderer.WriteBufferToMemory(destination, position);
         }
 
         public void Dispose()
         {
             _textBoxBlinkTimedAction.RequestCancel();
+            _renderAction.RequestCancel();
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Applets/SoftwareKeyboard/SoftwareKeyboardRendererBase.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Ui;
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Drawing.Processing;
+using SixLabors.Fonts;
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Base class that generates the graphics for the software keyboard applet during inline mode.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class SoftwareKeyboardRendererBase
+    {
+        public const int TextBoxBlinkThreshold = 8;
+
+        const string MessageText          = "Please use the keyboard to input text";
+        const string AcceptText           = "Accept";
+        const string CancelText           = "Cancel";
+        const string ControllerToggleText = "Toggle input";
+
+        private readonly object _bufferLock = new object();
+
+        private RenderingSurfaceInfo _surfaceInfo = null;
+        private Image<Argb32>        _surface     = null;
+        private byte[]               _bufferData  = null;
+
+        private Image _ryujinxLogo   = null;
+        private Image _padAcceptIcon = null;
+        private Image _padCancelIcon = null;
+        private Image _keyModeIcon   = null;
+
+        private float _textBoxOutlineWidth;
+        private float _padPressedPenWidth;
+
+        private Color _textNormalColor;
+        private Color _textSelectedColor;
+        private Color _textOverCursorColor;
+
+        private IBrush _panelBrush;
+        private IBrush _disabledBrush;
+        private IBrush _cursorBrush;
+        private IBrush _selectionBoxBrush;
+
+        private Pen _textBoxOutlinePen;
+        private Pen _cursorPen;
+        private Pen _selectionBoxPen;
+        private Pen _padPressedPen;
+
+        private int  _inputTextFontSize;
+        private Font _messageFont;
+        private Font _inputTextFont;
+        private Font _labelsTextFont;
+
+        private RectangleF _panelRectangle;
+        private Point      _logoPosition;
+        private float      _messagePositionY;
+
+        public SoftwareKeyboardRendererBase(IHostUiTheme uiTheme)
+        {
+            string ryujinxLogoPath = "Ryujinx.Ui.Resources.Logo_Ryujinx.png";
+            int    ryujinxLogoSize = 32;
+
+            _ryujinxLogo = LoadResource(Assembly.GetEntryAssembly(), ryujinxLogoPath, ryujinxLogoSize, ryujinxLogoSize);
+
+            string padAcceptIconPath = "Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard.Resources.Icon_BtnA.png";
+            string padCancelIconPath = "Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard.Resources.Icon_BtnB.png";
+            string keyModeIconPath   = "Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard.Resources.Icon_KeyF6.png";
+
+            _padAcceptIcon = LoadResource(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(), padAcceptIconPath  , 0, 0);
+            _padCancelIcon = LoadResource(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(), padCancelIconPath  , 0, 0);
+            _keyModeIcon   = LoadResource(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(), keyModeIconPath    , 0, 0);
+
+            Color panelColor               = ToColor(uiTheme.DefaultBackgroundColor, 255);
+            Color panelTransparentColor    = ToColor(uiTheme.DefaultBackgroundColor, 150);
+            Color borderColor              = ToColor(uiTheme.DefaultBorderColor);
+            Color selectionBackgroundColor = ToColor(uiTheme.SelectionBackgroundColor);
+
+            _textNormalColor     = ToColor(uiTheme.DefaultForegroundColor);
+            _textSelectedColor   = ToColor(uiTheme.SelectionForegroundColor);
+            _textOverCursorColor = ToColor(uiTheme.DefaultForegroundColor, null, true);
+
+            float cursorWidth = 2;
+
+            _textBoxOutlineWidth = 2;
+            _padPressedPenWidth  = 2;
+
+            _panelBrush        = new SolidBrush(panelColor);
+            _disabledBrush     = new SolidBrush(panelTransparentColor);
+            _cursorBrush       = new SolidBrush(_textNormalColor);
+            _selectionBoxBrush = new SolidBrush(selectionBackgroundColor);
+
+            _textBoxOutlinePen = new Pen(borderColor, _textBoxOutlineWidth);
+            _cursorPen         = new Pen(_textNormalColor, cursorWidth);
+            _selectionBoxPen   = new Pen(selectionBackgroundColor, cursorWidth);
+            _padPressedPen     = new Pen(borderColor, _padPressedPenWidth);
+
+            _inputTextFontSize = 20;
+
+            CreateFonts(uiTheme.FontFamily);
+        }
+
+        private void CreateFonts(string uiThemeFontFamily)
+        {
+            // Try a list of fonts in case any of them is not available in the system.
+
+            string[] availableFonts = new string[]
+            {
+                uiThemeFontFamily,
+                "Liberation Sans",
+                "FreeSans",
+                "DejaVu Sans"
+            };
+
+            foreach (string fontFamily in availableFonts)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    _messageFont    = SystemFonts.CreateFont(fontFamily, 26,                 FontStyle.Regular);
+                    _inputTextFont  = SystemFonts.CreateFont(fontFamily, _inputTextFontSize, FontStyle.Regular);
+                    _labelsTextFont = SystemFonts.CreateFont(fontFamily, 24,                 FontStyle.Regular);
+
+                    return;
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                }
+            }
+
+            throw new Exception($"None of these fonts were found in the system: {String.Join(", ", availableFonts)}!");
+        }
+
+        private Color ToColor(ThemeColor color, byte? overrideAlpha = null, bool flipRgb = false)
+        {
+            var a = (byte)(color.A * 255);
+            var r = (byte)(color.R * 255);
+            var g = (byte)(color.G * 255);
+            var b = (byte)(color.B * 255);
+
+            if (flipRgb)
+            {
+                r = (byte)(255 - r);
+                g = (byte)(255 - g);
+                b = (byte)(255 - b);
+            }
+
+            return Color.FromRgba(r, g, b, overrideAlpha.GetValueOrDefault(a));
+        }
+
+        private Image LoadResource(Assembly assembly, string resourcePath, int newWidth, int newHeight)
+        {
+            Stream resourceStream = assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(resourcePath);
+
+            Debug.Assert(resourceStream != null);
+
+            var image = Image.Load(resourceStream);
+
+            if (newHeight != 0 && newWidth != 0)
+            {
+                image.Mutate(x => x.Resize(newWidth, newHeight, KnownResamplers.Lanczos3));
+            }
+
+            return image;
+        }
+
+        private void SetGraphicsOptions(IImageProcessingContext context)
+        {
+            context.GetGraphicsOptions().Antialias = true;
+            context.GetShapeGraphicsOptions().GraphicsOptions.Antialias = true;
+        }
+
+        private void DrawImmutableElements()
+        {
+            if (_surface == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _surface.Mutate(context =>
+            {
+                SetGraphicsOptions(context);
+
+                context.Clear(Color.Transparent);
+                context.Fill(_panelBrush, _panelRectangle);
+                context.DrawImage(_ryujinxLogo, _logoPosition, 1);
+
+                float halfWidth = _panelRectangle.Width / 2;
+                float buttonsY  = _panelRectangle.Y + 185;
+
+                PointF disableButtonPosition = new PointF(halfWidth + 180, buttonsY);
+
+                DrawControllerToggle(context, disableButtonPosition);
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void DrawMutableElements(SoftwareKeyboardUiState state)
+        {
+            if (_surface == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _surface.Mutate(context =>
+            {
+                var    messageRectangle      = MeasureString(MessageText, _messageFont);
+                float  messagePositionX      = (_panelRectangle.Width - messageRectangle.Width) / 2 - messageRectangle.X;
+                float  messagePositionY      = _messagePositionY - messageRectangle.Y;
+                var    messagePosition       = new PointF(messagePositionX, messagePositionY);
+                var    messageBoundRectangle = new RectangleF(messagePositionX, messagePositionY, messageRectangle.Width, messageRectangle.Height);
+
+                SetGraphicsOptions(context);
+
+                context.Fill(_panelBrush, messageBoundRectangle);
+
+                context.DrawText(MessageText, _messageFont, _textNormalColor, messagePosition);
+
+                if (!state.TypingEnabled)
+                {
+                    // Just draw a semi-transparent rectangle on top to fade the component with the background.
+                    // TODO (caian): This will not work if one decides to add make background semi-transparent as well.
+
+                    context.Fill(_disabledBrush, messageBoundRectangle);
+                }
+
+                DrawTextBox(context, state);
+
+                float halfWidth = _panelRectangle.Width / 2;
+                float buttonsY  = _panelRectangle.Y + 185;
+
+                PointF acceptButtonPosition  = new PointF(halfWidth - 180, buttonsY);
+                PointF cancelButtonPosition  = new PointF(halfWidth      , buttonsY);
+                PointF disableButtonPosition = new PointF(halfWidth + 180, buttonsY);
+
+                DrawPadButton(context, acceptButtonPosition, _padAcceptIcon, AcceptText, state.AcceptPressed, state.ControllerEnabled);
+                DrawPadButton(context, cancelButtonPosition, _padCancelIcon, CancelText, state.CancelPressed, state.ControllerEnabled);
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void CreateSurface(RenderingSurfaceInfo surfaceInfo)
+        {
+            if (_surfaceInfo != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _surfaceInfo = surfaceInfo;
+
+            Debug.Assert(_surfaceInfo.ColorFormat == Services.SurfaceFlinger.ColorFormat.A8B8G8R8);
+
+            // Use the whole area of the image to draw, even the alignment, otherwise it may shear the final
+            // image if the pitch is different.
+            uint totalWidth  = _surfaceInfo.Pitch / 4;
+            uint totalHeight = _surfaceInfo.Size / _surfaceInfo.Pitch;
+
+            Debug.Assert(_surfaceInfo.Width <= totalWidth);
+            Debug.Assert(_surfaceInfo.Height <= totalHeight);
+            Debug.Assert(_surfaceInfo.Pitch * _surfaceInfo.Height <= _surfaceInfo.Size);
+
+            _surface = new Image<Argb32>((int)totalWidth, (int)totalHeight);
+
+            ComputeConstants();
+            DrawImmutableElements();
+        }
+
+        private void ComputeConstants()
+        {
+            int totalWidth  = (int)_surfaceInfo.Width;
+            int totalHeight = (int)_surfaceInfo.Height;
+
+            int panelHeight    = 240;
+            int panelPositionY = totalHeight - panelHeight;
+
+            _panelRectangle = new RectangleF(0, panelPositionY, totalWidth, panelHeight);
+
+            _messagePositionY = panelPositionY + 60;
+
+            int logoPositionX = (totalWidth - _ryujinxLogo.Width) / 2;
+            int logoPositionY = panelPositionY + 18;
+
+            _logoPosition = new Point(logoPositionX, logoPositionY);
+        }
+
+        private RectangleF MeasureString(string text, Font font)
+        {
+            RendererOptions options = new RendererOptions(font);
+            FontRectangle rectangle = TextMeasurer.Measure(text == "" ? " " : text, options);
+
+            if (text == "")
+            {
+                return new RectangleF(0, rectangle.Y, 0, rectangle.Height);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return new RectangleF(rectangle.X, rectangle.Y, rectangle.Width, rectangle.Height);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void DrawTextBox(IImageProcessingContext context, SoftwareKeyboardUiState state)
+        {
+            var inputTextRectangle = MeasureString(state.InputText, _inputTextFont);
+
+            float boxWidth  = (int)(Math.Max(300, inputTextRectangle.Width + inputTextRectangle.X + 8));
+            float boxHeight = 32;
+            float boxY      = _panelRectangle.Y + 110;
+            float boxX      = (int)((_panelRectangle.Width - boxWidth) / 2);
+
+            RectangleF boxRectangle = new RectangleF(boxX, boxY, boxWidth, boxHeight);
+
+            RectangleF boundRectangle = new RectangleF(_panelRectangle.X, boxY - _textBoxOutlineWidth,
+                    _panelRectangle.Width, boxHeight + 2 * _textBoxOutlineWidth);
+
+            context.Fill(_panelBrush, boundRectangle);
+
+            context.Draw(_textBoxOutlinePen, boxRectangle);
+
+            float inputTextX = (_panelRectangle.Width - inputTextRectangle.Width) / 2 - inputTextRectangle.X;
+            float inputTextY = boxY + 5;
+
+            var inputTextPosition = new PointF(inputTextX, inputTextY);
+
+            context.DrawText(state.InputText, _inputTextFont, _textNormalColor, inputTextPosition);
+
+            // Draw the cursor on top of the text and redraw the text with a different color if necessary.
+
+            Color  cursorTextColor;
+            IBrush cursorBrush;
+            Pen    cursorPen;
+
+            float cursorPositionYTop    = inputTextY + 1;
+            float cursorPositionYBottom = cursorPositionYTop + _inputTextFontSize + 1;
+            float cursorPositionXLeft;
+            float cursorPositionXRight;
+
+            bool cursorVisible = false;
+
+            if (state.CursorBegin != state.CursorEnd)
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(state.InputText.Length > 0);
+
+                cursorTextColor = _textSelectedColor;
+                cursorBrush     = _selectionBoxBrush;
+                cursorPen       = _selectionBoxPen;
+
+                string textUntilBegin = state.InputText.Substring(0, state.CursorBegin);
+                string textUntilEnd   = state.InputText.Substring(0, state.CursorEnd);
+
+                var selectionBeginRectangle = MeasureString(textUntilBegin, _inputTextFont);
+                var selectionEndRectangle   = MeasureString(textUntilEnd  , _inputTextFont);
+
+                cursorVisible         = true;
+                cursorPositionXLeft   = inputTextX + selectionBeginRectangle.Width + selectionBeginRectangle.X;
+                cursorPositionXRight  = inputTextX + selectionEndRectangle.Width   + selectionEndRectangle.X;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                cursorTextColor = _textOverCursorColor;
+                cursorBrush     = _cursorBrush;
+                cursorPen       = _cursorPen;
+
+                if (state.TextBoxBlinkCounter < TextBoxBlinkThreshold)
+                {
+                    // Show the blinking cursor.
+
+                    int    cursorBegin         = Math.Min(state.InputText.Length, state.CursorBegin);
+                    string textUntilCursor     = state.InputText.Substring(0, cursorBegin);
+                    var    cursorTextRectangle = MeasureString(textUntilCursor, _inputTextFont);
+
+                    cursorVisible       = true;
+                    cursorPositionXLeft = inputTextX + cursorTextRectangle.Width + cursorTextRectangle.X;
+
+                    if (state.OverwriteMode)
+                    {
+                        // The blinking cursor is in overwrite mode so it takes the size of a character.
+
+                        if (state.CursorBegin < state.InputText.Length)
+                        {
+                            textUntilCursor      = state.InputText.Substring(0, cursorBegin + 1);
+                            cursorTextRectangle  = MeasureString(textUntilCursor, _inputTextFont);
+                            cursorPositionXRight = inputTextX + cursorTextRectangle.Width + cursorTextRectangle.X;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            cursorPositionXRight = cursorPositionXLeft + _inputTextFontSize / 2;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // The blinking cursor is in insert mode so it is only a line.
+                        cursorPositionXRight = cursorPositionXLeft;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    cursorPositionXLeft  = inputTextX;
+                    cursorPositionXRight = inputTextX;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (state.TypingEnabled && cursorVisible)
+            {
+                float cursorWidth  = cursorPositionXRight  - cursorPositionXLeft;
+                float cursorHeight = cursorPositionYBottom - cursorPositionYTop;
+
+                if (cursorWidth == 0)
+                {
+                    PointF[] points = new PointF[]
+                    {
+                        new PointF(cursorPositionXLeft, cursorPositionYTop),
+                        new PointF(cursorPositionXLeft, cursorPositionYBottom),
+                    };
+
+                    context.DrawLines(cursorPen, points);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var cursorRectangle = new RectangleF(cursorPositionXLeft, cursorPositionYTop, cursorWidth, cursorHeight);
+
+                    context.Draw(cursorPen  , cursorRectangle);
+                    context.Fill(cursorBrush, cursorRectangle);
+
+                    Image<Argb32> textOverCursor = new Image<Argb32>((int)cursorRectangle.Width, (int)cursorRectangle.Height);
+                    textOverCursor.Mutate(context =>
+                    {
+                        var textRelativePosition = new PointF(inputTextPosition.X - cursorRectangle.X, inputTextPosition.Y - cursorRectangle.Y);
+                        context.DrawText(state.InputText, _inputTextFont, cursorTextColor, textRelativePosition);
+                    });
+
+                    var cursorPosition = new Point((int)cursorRectangle.X, (int)cursorRectangle.Y);
+                    context.DrawImage(textOverCursor, cursorPosition, 1);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (!state.TypingEnabled)
+            {
+                // Just draw a semi-transparent rectangle on top to fade the component with the background.
+                // TODO (caian): This will not work if one decides to add make background semi-transparent as well.
+
+                context.Fill(_disabledBrush, boundRectangle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void DrawPadButton(IImageProcessingContext context, PointF point, Image icon, string label, bool pressed, bool enabled)
+        {
+            // Use relative positions so we can center the the entire drawing later.
+
+            float iconX      = 0;
+            float iconY      = 0;
+            float iconWidth  = icon.Width;
+            float iconHeight = icon.Height;
+
+            var labelRectangle = MeasureString(label, _labelsTextFont);
+
+            float labelPositionX = iconWidth + 8 - labelRectangle.X;
+            float labelPositionY = 3;
+
+            float fullWidth  = labelPositionX + labelRectangle.Width + labelRectangle.X;
+            float fullHeight = iconHeight;
+
+            // Convert all relative positions into absolute.
+
+            float originX = (int)(point.X - fullWidth  / 2);
+            float originY = (int)(point.Y - fullHeight / 2);
+
+            iconX += originX;
+            iconY += originY;
+
+            var iconPosition  = new Point((int)iconX, (int)iconY);
+            var labelPosition = new PointF(labelPositionX + originX, labelPositionY + originY);
+
+            var selectedRectangle = new RectangleF(originX - 2 * _padPressedPenWidth, originY - 2 * _padPressedPenWidth,
+                fullWidth + 4 * _padPressedPenWidth, fullHeight + 4 * _padPressedPenWidth);
+
+            var boundRectangle = new RectangleF(originX, originY, fullWidth, fullHeight);
+            boundRectangle.Inflate(4 * _padPressedPenWidth, 4 * _padPressedPenWidth);
+
+            context.Fill(_panelBrush, boundRectangle);
+            context.DrawImage(icon, iconPosition, 1);
+            context.DrawText(label, _labelsTextFont, _textNormalColor, labelPosition);
+
+            if (enabled)
+            {
+                if (pressed)
+                {
+                    context.Draw(_padPressedPen, selectedRectangle);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Just draw a semi-transparent rectangle on top to fade the component with the background.
+                // TODO (caian): This will not work if one decides to add make background semi-transparent as well.
+
+                context.Fill(_disabledBrush, boundRectangle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void DrawControllerToggle(IImageProcessingContext context, PointF point)
+        {
+            var labelRectangle = MeasureString(ControllerToggleText, _labelsTextFont);
+
+            // Use relative positions so we can center the the entire drawing later.
+
+            float keyWidth  = _keyModeIcon.Width;
+            float keyHeight = _keyModeIcon.Height;
+
+            float labelPositionX = keyWidth + 8 - labelRectangle.X;
+            float labelPositionY = -labelRectangle.Y - 1;
+
+            float keyX = 0;
+            float keyY = (int)((labelPositionY + labelRectangle.Height - keyHeight) / 2);
+
+            float fullWidth  = labelPositionX + labelRectangle.Width;
+            float fullHeight = Math.Max(labelPositionY + labelRectangle.Height, keyHeight);
+
+            // Convert all relative positions into absolute.
+
+            float originX = (int)(point.X - fullWidth  / 2);
+            float originY = (int)(point.Y - fullHeight / 2);
+
+            keyX += originX;
+            keyY += originY;
+
+            var labelPosition   = new PointF(labelPositionX + originX, labelPositionY + originY);
+            var overlayPosition = new Point((int)keyX, (int)keyY);
+
+            context.DrawImage(_keyModeIcon, overlayPosition, 1);
+            context.DrawText(ControllerToggleText, _labelsTextFont, _textNormalColor, labelPosition);
+        }
+
+        public void CopyImageToBuffer()
+        {
+            lock (_bufferLock)
+            {
+                if (_surface == null)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // Convert the pixel format used in the image to the one used in the Switch surface.
+
+                if (!_surface.TryGetSinglePixelSpan(out Span<Argb32> pixels))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                _bufferData = MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(pixels).ToArray();
+                Span<uint> dataConvert = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, uint>(_bufferData);
+
+                Debug.Assert(_bufferData.Length == _surfaceInfo.Size);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < dataConvert.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    dataConvert[i] = BitOperations.RotateRight(dataConvert[i], 8);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool WriteBufferToMemory(IVirtualMemoryManager destination, ulong position)
+        {
+            lock (_bufferLock)
+            {
+                if (_bufferData == null)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                try
+                {
+                    destination.Write(position, _bufferData);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Applets/SoftwareKeyboard/SoftwareKeyboardUiState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Ui;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// TODO
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class SoftwareKeyboardUiState
+    {
+        public string InputText           = "";
+        public int    CursorBegin         = 0;
+        public int    CursorEnd           = 0;
+        public bool   AcceptPressed       = false;
+        public bool   CancelPressed       = false;
+        public bool   OverwriteMode       = false;
+        public bool   TypingEnabled       = true;
+        public bool   ControllerEnabled   = true;
+        public int    TextBoxBlinkCounter = 0;
+
+        public RenderingSurfaceInfo SurfaceInfo = null;
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Applets/SoftwareKeyboard/TimedAction.cs

@@ -144,6 +144,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Applets.SoftwareKeyboard
             }), cancelled);
         }
 
+        public void Reset(Action action)
+        {
+            // Create a dedicated cancel token for each task.
+            var cancelled = new TRef<bool>(false);
+
+            Reset(new Thread(() =>
+            {
+                while (!Volatile.Read(ref cancelled.Value))
+                {
+                    action();
+                }
+            }), cancelled);
+        }
+
         private static bool SleepWithSubstep(SleepSubstepData substepData, TRef<bool> cancelled)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < substepData.SleepCount; i++)

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/ApplicationLoader.cs

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ using System.Reflection;
 using static LibHac.Fs.ApplicationSaveDataManagement;
 using static Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.ModLoader;
 using ApplicationId = LibHac.Ncm.ApplicationId;
+using Path = System.IO.Path;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 {
@@ -101,9 +102,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
             foreach (DirectoryEntryEx fileEntry in pfs.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.nca"))
             {
-                pfs.OpenFile(out IFile ncaFile, fileEntry.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+                using var ncaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
 
-                Nca nca = new Nca(fileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.AsStorage());
+                pfs.OpenFile(ref ncaFile.Ref(), fileEntry.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+                Nca nca = new Nca(fileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.Release().AsStorage());
 
                 int ncaProgramIndex = (int)(nca.Header.TitleId & 0xF);
 
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 {
                     int dataIndex = Nca.GetSectionIndexFromType(NcaSectionType.Data, NcaContentType.Program);
 
-                    if (nca.Header.GetFsHeader(dataIndex).IsPatchSection())
+                    if (nca.SectionExists(NcaSectionType.Data) && nca.Header.GetFsHeader(dataIndex).IsPatchSection())
                     {
                         patchNca = nca;
                     }
@@ -143,9 +146,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
             foreach (DirectoryEntryEx fileEntry in pfs.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.nca"))
             {
-                pfs.OpenFile(out IFile ncaFile, fileEntry.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+                using var ncaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
 
-                Nca nca = new Nca(fileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.AsStorage());
+                pfs.OpenFile(ref ncaFile.Ref(), fileEntry.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+                Nca nca = new Nca(fileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.Release().AsStorage());
 
                 int ncaProgramIndex = (int)(nca.Header.TitleId & 0xF);
 
@@ -335,7 +340,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                 {
                     foreach (DlcNca dlcNca in dlcContainer.DlcNcaList)
                     {
-                        _device.Configuration.ContentManager.AddAocItem(dlcNca.TitleId, dlcContainer.Path, dlcNca.Path, dlcNca.Enabled);
+                        if (File.Exists(dlcContainer.Path))
+                        {
+                            _device.Configuration.ContentManager.AddAocItem(dlcNca.TitleId, dlcContainer.Path, dlcNca.Path, dlcNca.Enabled);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Cannot find AddOnContent file {dlcContainer.Path}. It may have been moved or renamed.");
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -422,7 +434,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
         // Sets TitleId, so be sure to call before using it
         private MetaLoader ReadNpdm(IFileSystem fs)
         {
-            Result result = fs.OpenFile(out IFile npdmFile, "/main.npdm".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
+            using var npdmFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
+            Result result = fs.OpenFile(ref npdmFile.Ref(), "/main.npdm".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
 
             MetaLoader metaData;
 
@@ -434,10 +448,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             }
             else
             {
-                npdmFile.GetSize(out long fileSize).ThrowIfFailure();
+                npdmFile.Get.GetSize(out long fileSize).ThrowIfFailure();
 
                 var npdmBuffer = new byte[fileSize];
-                npdmFile.Read(out _, 0, npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
+                npdmFile.Get.Read(out _, 0, npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
 
                 metaData = new MetaLoader();
                 metaData.Load(npdmBuffer).ThrowIfFailure();
@@ -454,12 +468,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
         private static void ReadControlData(Switch device, Nca controlNca, ref BlitStruct<ApplicationControlProperty> controlData, ref string titleName, ref string displayVersion)
         {
+            using var controlFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
+
             IFileSystem controlFs = controlNca.OpenFileSystem(NcaSectionType.Data, device.System.FsIntegrityCheckLevel);
-            Result result = controlFs.OpenFile(out IFile controlFile, "/control.nacp".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
+            Result result = controlFs.OpenFile(ref controlFile.Ref(), "/control.nacp".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read);
 
             if (result.IsSuccess())
             {
-                result = controlFile.Read(out long bytesRead, 0, controlData.ByteSpan, ReadOption.None);
+                result = controlFile.Get.Read(out long bytesRead, 0, controlData.ByteSpan, ReadOption.None);
 
                 if (result.IsSuccess() && bytesRead == controlData.ByteSpan.Length)
                 {
@@ -501,9 +517,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
                 Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Loader, $"Loading {name}...");
 
-                codeFs.OpenFile(out IFile nsoFile, $"/{name}".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+                using var nsoFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
 
-                nsos[i] = new NsoExecutable(nsoFile.AsStorage(), name);
+                codeFs.OpenFile(ref nsoFile.Ref(), $"/{name}".ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+                nsos[i] = new NsoExecutable(nsoFile.Release().AsStorage(), name);
             }
 
             // ExeFs file replacements
@@ -673,9 +691,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
             foreach (DirectoryEntryEx fileEntry in pfs.EnumerateEntries("/", "*.nca"))
             {
-                pfs.OpenFile(out IFile ncaFile, fileEntry.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+                using var ncaFile = new UniqueRef<IFile>();
 
-                Nca nca = new Nca(fileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.AsStorage());
+                pfs.OpenFile(ref ncaFile.Ref(), fileEntry.FullPath.ToU8Span(), OpenMode.Read).ThrowIfFailure();
+
+                Nca nca = new Nca(fileSystem.KeySet, ncaFile.Release().AsStorage());
 
                 if (nca.Header.ContentType != NcaContentType.Program)
                 {
@@ -684,7 +704,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
                 int dataIndex = Nca.GetSectionIndexFromType(NcaSectionType.Data, NcaContentType.Program);
 
-                if (nca.Header.GetFsHeader(dataIndex).IsPatchSection())
+                if (nca.SectionExists(NcaSectionType.Data) && nca.Header.GetFsHeader(dataIndex).IsPatchSection())
                 {
                     continue;
                 }

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Horizon.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using LibHac.Common;
 using LibHac.Common.Keys;
 using LibHac.Fs;
 using LibHac.Fs.Shim;
@@ -243,6 +244,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             AudioOutputManager = new AudioOutputManager();
             AudioInputManager = new AudioInputManager();
             AudioRendererManager = new AudioRendererManager();
+            AudioRendererManager.SetVolume(Device.Configuration.AudioVolume);
             AudioDeviceSessionRegistry = new VirtualDeviceSessionRegistry();
 
             IWritableEvent[] audioOutputRegisterBufferEvents = new IWritableEvent[Constants.AudioOutSessionCountMax];
@@ -255,6 +257,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             }
 
             AudioOutputManager.Initialize(Device.AudioDeviceDriver, audioOutputRegisterBufferEvents);
+            AudioOutputManager.SetVolume(Device.Configuration.AudioVolume);
 
             IWritableEvent[] audioInputRegisterBufferEvents = new IWritableEvent[Constants.AudioInSessionCountMax];
 
@@ -304,9 +307,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
         public void LoadKip(string kipPath)
         {
-            using IStorage kipFile = new LocalStorage(kipPath, FileAccess.Read);
+            using var kipFile = new SharedRef<IStorage>(new LocalStorage(kipPath, FileAccess.Read));
 
-            ProgramLoader.LoadKip(KernelContext, new KipExecutable(kipFile));
+            ProgramLoader.LoadKip(KernelContext, new KipExecutable(in kipFile));
         }
 
         public void ChangeDockedModeState(bool newState)
@@ -326,6 +329,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             }
         }
 
+        public void SetVolume(float volume)
+        {
+            AudioOutputManager.SetVolume(volume);
+            AudioRendererManager.SetVolume(volume);
+        }
+
+        public float GetVolume()
+        {
+            return AudioOutputManager.GetVolume() == 0 ? AudioRendererManager.GetVolume() : AudioOutputManager.GetVolume();
+        }
+
         public void ReturnFocus()
         {
             AppletState.SetFocus(true);
@@ -404,7 +418,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
                     lock (KernelContext.Processes)
                     {
                         // Terminate application.
-                        foreach (KProcess process in KernelContext.Processes.Values.Where(x => x.Flags.HasFlag(ProcessCreationFlags.IsApplication)))
+                        foreach (KProcess process in KernelContext.Processes.Values.Where(x => x.IsApplication))
                         {
                             process.Terminate();
                             process.DecrementReferenceCount();
@@ -415,7 +429,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
 
                         // Terminate HLE services (must be done after the application is already terminated,
                         // otherwise the application will receive errors due to service termination).
-                        foreach (KProcess process in KernelContext.Processes.Values.Where(x => !x.Flags.HasFlag(ProcessCreationFlags.IsApplication)))
+                        foreach (KProcess process in KernelContext.Processes.Values.Where(x => !x.IsApplication))
                         {
                             process.Terminate();
                             process.DecrementReferenceCount();
@@ -461,7 +475,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
             {
                 foreach (KProcess process in KernelContext.Processes.Values)
                 {
-                    if (process.Flags.HasFlag(ProcessCreationFlags.IsApplication))
+                    if (process.IsApplication)
                     {
                         // Only game process should be paused.
                         process.SetActivity(pause);

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Common/KSystemControl.cs

@@ -58,6 +58,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common
             return DramMemoryMap.DramBase + GetDramSize(size);
         }
 
+        public static ulong GenerateRandom()
+        {
+            // TODO
+            return 0;
+        }
+
         public static ulong GetDramSize(MemorySize size)
         {
             return size switch

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Common/KTimeManager.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common
 {
     class KTimeManager : IDisposable
     {
+        public static readonly long DefaultTimeIncrementNanoseconds = ConvertGuestTicksToNanoseconds(2);
+
         private class WaitingObject
         {
             public IKFutureSchedulerObject Object { get; }
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common
         private readonly List<WaitingObject> _waitingObjects;
         private AutoResetEvent _waitEvent;
         private bool _keepRunning;
+        private long _enforceWakeupFromSpinWait;
 
         public KTimeManager(KernelContext context)
         {
@@ -41,11 +44,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common
 
         public void ScheduleFutureInvocation(IKFutureSchedulerObject schedulerObj, long timeout)
         {
-            long timePoint = PerformanceCounter.ElapsedMilliseconds + ConvertNanosecondsToMilliseconds(timeout);
+            long timePoint = PerformanceCounter.ElapsedTicks + ConvertNanosecondsToHostTicks(timeout);
 
             lock (_context.CriticalSection.Lock)
             {
                 _waitingObjects.Add(new WaitingObject(schedulerObj, timePoint));
+
+                if (timeout < 1000000)
+                {
+                    Interlocked.Exchange(ref _enforceWakeupFromSpinWait, 1);
+                }
             }
 
             _waitEvent.Set();
@@ -61,27 +69,51 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common
 
         private void WaitAndCheckScheduledObjects()
         {
+            SpinWait spinWait = new SpinWait();
+            WaitingObject next;
+
             using (_waitEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false))
             {
                 while (_keepRunning)
                 {
-                    WaitingObject next;
-
                     lock (_context.CriticalSection.Lock)
                     {
+                        Interlocked.Exchange(ref _enforceWakeupFromSpinWait, 0);
+
                         next = _waitingObjects.OrderBy(x => x.TimePoint).FirstOrDefault();
                     }
 
                     if (next != null)
                     {
-                        long timePoint = PerformanceCounter.ElapsedMilliseconds;
+                        long timePoint = PerformanceCounter.ElapsedTicks;
 
                         if (next.TimePoint > timePoint)
                         {
-                            _waitEvent.WaitOne((int)(next.TimePoint - timePoint));
+                            long ms = Math.Min((next.TimePoint - timePoint) / PerformanceCounter.TicksPerMillisecond, int.MaxValue);
+
+                            if (ms > 0)
+                            {
+                                _waitEvent.WaitOne((int)ms);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                while (Interlocked.Read(ref _enforceWakeupFromSpinWait) != 1 && PerformanceCounter.ElapsedTicks <= next.TimePoint)
+                                {
+                                    if (spinWait.NextSpinWillYield)
+                                    {
+                                        Thread.Yield();
+
+                                        spinWait.Reset();
+                                    }
+
+                                    spinWait.SpinOnce();
+                                }
+
+                                spinWait.Reset();
+                            }
                         }
 
-                        bool timeUp = PerformanceCounter.ElapsedMilliseconds >= next.TimePoint;
+                        bool timeUp = PerformanceCounter.ElapsedTicks >= next.TimePoint;
 
                         if (timeUp)
                         {
@@ -119,6 +151,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common
             return time * 1000000;
         }
 
+        public static long ConvertNanosecondsToHostTicks(long ns)
+        {
+            long nsDiv = ns / 1000000000;
+            long nsMod = ns % 1000000000;
+            long tickDiv = PerformanceCounter.TicksPerSecond / 1000000000;
+            long tickMod = PerformanceCounter.TicksPerSecond % 1000000000;
+
+            long baseTicks = (nsMod * tickMod + PerformanceCounter.TicksPerSecond - 1) / 1000000000;
+            return (nsDiv * tickDiv) * 1000000000 + nsDiv * tickMod + nsMod * tickDiv + baseTicks;
+        }
+
+        public static long ConvertGuestTicksToNanoseconds(long ticks)
+        {
+            return (long)Math.Ceiling(ticks * (1000000000.0 / 19200000.0));
+        }
+
         public static long ConvertHostTicksToTicks(long time)
         {
             return (long)((time / (double)PerformanceCounter.TicksPerSecond) * 19200000.0);

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Process/KProcess.cs

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
         public KProcessCapabilities Capabilities { get; private set; }
 
         public ulong TitleId { get; private set; }
+        public bool IsApplication { get; private set; }
         public long Pid { get; private set; }
 
         private long _creationTimestamp;
@@ -193,6 +194,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process
             _memRegion = memRegion;
             _contextFactory = contextFactory ?? new ProcessContextFactory();
             _customThreadStart = customThreadStart;
+            IsApplication = creationInfo.Flags.HasFlag(ProcessCreationFlags.IsApplication);
 
             ulong personalMmHeapSize = GetPersonalMmHeapSize((ulong)creationInfo.SystemResourcePagesCount, memRegion);
 

Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/SupervisorCall/InfoType.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.SupervisorCall
+{
+    enum InfoType : uint
+    {
+        CoreMask,
+        PriorityMask,
+        AliasRegionAddress,
+        AliasRegionSize,
+        HeapRegionAddress,
+        HeapRegionSize,
+        TotalMemorySize,
+        UsedMemorySize,
+        DebuggerAttached,
+        ResourceLimit,
+        IdleTickCount,
+        RandomEntropy,
+        AslrRegionAddress,
+        AslrRegionSize,
+        StackRegionAddress,
+        StackRegionSize,
+        SystemResourceSizeTotal,
+        SystemResourceSizeUsed,
+        ProgramId,
+        // NOTE: Added in 4.0.0, removed in 5.0.0.
+        InitialProcessIdRange,
+        UserExceptionContextAddress,
+        TotalNonSystemMemorySize,
+        UsedNonSystemMemorySize,
+        IsApplication,
+        FreeThreadCount,
+        ThreadTickCount
+    }
+}