Merge pull request #1 from gdkchan/vulkan-rel

Vulkan rel

Ryujinx.Ava/AppHost.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Translation;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC;
+using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.Input;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
 using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Ava.Common.Locale;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Input;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Models;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows;
 using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
@@ -22,6 +24,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc;
@@ -590,7 +593,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
         {
             VirtualFileSystem.ReloadKeySet();
 
-            IRenderer renderer = new Renderer();
+            IRenderer renderer;
+
+            if (Program.UseVulkan)
+            {
+                var vulkan = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<VulkanPlatformInterface>();
+                renderer = new VulkanGraphicsDevice(vulkan.Instance.InternalHandle,
+                    vulkan.Device.InternalHandle,
+                    vulkan.PhysicalDevice.InternalHandle,
+                    vulkan.Device.Queue.InternalHandle,
+                    vulkan.PhysicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex,
+                    vulkan.Device.Lock);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                renderer = new Renderer();
+            }
+
             IHardwareDeviceDriver deviceDriver = new DummyHardwareDeviceDriver();
 
             BackendThreading threadingMode = ConfigurationState.Instance.Graphics.BackendThreading;
@@ -800,9 +819,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 
             _renderer.ScreenCaptured += Renderer_ScreenCaptured;
 
-            (_renderer as Renderer).InitializeBackgroundContext(SPBOpenGLContext.CreateBackgroundContext(Renderer.GameContext));
+            if (!Program.UseVulkan)
+            {
+                (_renderer as Renderer).InitializeBackgroundContext(SPBOpenGLContext.CreateBackgroundContext((Renderer as OpenGLRendererControl).GameContext));
 
-            Renderer.MakeCurrent();
+                Renderer.MakeCurrent();
+            }
 
             Device.Gpu.Renderer.Initialize(_glLogLevel);
 
@@ -861,8 +883,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 dockedMode += $" ({scale}x)";
             }
 
-            string vendor = _renderer is Renderer renderer ? renderer.GpuVendor : "";
-
             StatusUpdatedEvent?.Invoke(this, new StatusUpdatedEventArgs(
                 Device.EnableDeviceVsync,
                 Device.GetVolume(),
@@ -870,7 +890,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 ConfigurationState.Instance.Graphics.AspectRatio.Value.ToText(),
                 LocaleManager.Instance["Game"] + $": {Device.Statistics.GetGameFrameRate():00.00} FPS ({Device.Statistics.GetGameFrameTime():00.00} ms)",
                 $"FIFO: {Device.Statistics.GetFifoPercent():00.00} %",
-                $"GPU: {vendor}"));
+                $"GPU: {_renderer.GetHardwareInfo().GpuVendor}"));
 
             Renderer.Present(image);
         }

Ryujinx.Ava/Program.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.OpenGL;
 using Avalonia.Rendering;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows;
 using Ryujinx.Common;
@@ -11,9 +12,12 @@ using Ryujinx.Common.GraphicsDriver;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Common.System;
 using Ryujinx.Common.SystemInfo;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan;
 using Ryujinx.Modules;
 using Ryujinx.Ui.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Configuration;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
@@ -25,17 +29,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
     internal class Program
     {
         public static double WindowScaleFactor { get; set; }
+        public static double ActualScaleFactor { get; set; }
         public static string Version { get; private set; }
         public static string ConfigurationPath { get; private set; }
         public static string CommandLineProfile { get; set; }
         public static bool PreviewerDetached { get; private set; }
 
         public static RenderTimer RenderTimer { get; private set; }
+        public static bool UseVulkan { get; private set; }
 
         [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
         public static extern int MessageBoxA(IntPtr hWnd, string text, string caption, uint type);
 
         private const uint MB_ICONWARNING = 0x30;
+        private const int BaseDpi = 96;
 
         public static void Main(string[] args)
         {
@@ -66,7 +73,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                     EnableMultiTouch = true,
                     EnableIme = true,
                     UseEGL = false,
-                    UseGpu = true,
+                    UseGpu = !UseVulkan,
                     GlProfiles = new List<GlVersion>()
                     {
                         new GlVersion(GlProfileType.OpenGL, 4, 3)
@@ -75,7 +82,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 .With(new Win32PlatformOptions
                 {
                     EnableMultitouch = true,
-                    UseWgl = true,
+                    UseWgl = !UseVulkan,
                     WglProfiles = new List<GlVersion>()
                     {
                         new GlVersion(GlProfileType.OpenGL, 4, 3)
@@ -84,6 +91,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                     CompositionBackdropCornerRadius = 8f,
                 })
                 .UseSkia()
+                .With(new Ui.Vulkan.VulkanOptions()
+                {
+                    ApplicationName = "Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan",
+                    VulkanVersion = new Version(1, 2),
+                    MaxQueueCount = 2,
+                    PreferDiscreteGpu = true,
+                    PreferredDevice = !PreviewerDetached ? "" : ConfigurationState.Instance.Graphics.PreferredGpu.Value,
+                    UseDebug = !PreviewerDetached ? false : ConfigurationState.Instance.Logger.GraphicsDebugLevel.Value != GraphicsDebugLevel.None,
+                })
+                .With(new SkiaOptions()
+                {
+                    CustomGpuFactory = UseVulkan ? SkiaGpuFactory.CreateVulkanGpu : null
+                })
                 .AfterSetup(_ =>
                 {
                     AvaloniaLocator.CurrentMutable
@@ -136,9 +156,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 }
             }
 
-            // Make process DPI aware for proper window sizing on high-res screens.
-            WindowScaleFactor = ForceDpiAware.GetWindowScaleFactor();
-
             // Delete backup files after updating.
             Task.Run(Updater.CleanupUpdate);
 
@@ -162,6 +179,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 
             ReloadConfig();
 
+            UseVulkan = PreviewerDetached ? ConfigurationState.Instance.Graphics.GraphicsBackend.Value == GraphicsBackend.Vulkan : false;
+
+            if (UseVulkan)
+            {
+                // With a custom gpu backend, avalonia doesn't enable dpi awareness, so the backend must handle it. This isn't so for the opengl backed,
+                // as that uses avalonia's gpu backend and it's enabled there.
+                ForceDpiAware.Windows();
+            }
+
+            WindowScaleFactor = ForceDpiAware.GetWindowScaleFactor();
+            ActualScaleFactor = ForceDpiAware.GetActualScaleFactor() / BaseDpi;
+
             // Logging system information.
             PrintSystemInfo();
 

Ryujinx.Ava/Ryujinx.Ava.csproj

@@ -28,10 +28,13 @@
     <PackageReference Include="jp2masa.Avalonia.Flexbox" Version="0.2.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="DynamicData" Version="7.7.14" />
     <PackageReference Include="FluentAvaloniaUI" Version="1.3.4" />
+    <PackageReference Include="OpenTK.Core" Version="4.7.2" />
 
     <PackageReference Include="Ryujinx.Audio.OpenAL.Dependencies" Version="1.21.0.1" Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'linux-x64' AND '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'osx-x64'" />
     <PackageReference Include="Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.Dependencies" Version="4.4.0-build9" Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'linux-x64' AND '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'osx-x64'" />
-    <PackageReference Include="OpenTK.Graphics" Version="4.7.2" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" Version="2.10.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT" Version="2.10.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR" Version="2.10.1" />
     <PackageReference Include="SPB" Version="0.0.4-build17" />
     <PackageReference Include="SharpZipLib" Version="1.3.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="SixLabors.ImageSharp" Version="1.0.4" />
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2\Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan\Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Input\Ryujinx.Input.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Input.SDL2\Ryujinx.Input.SDL2.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.OpenAL\Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.OpenAL.csproj" />

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Applet/AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler.cs

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Applet
             Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
             {
                 _hiddenTextBox.Clear();
-                _parent.GlRenderer.Focus();
+                _parent.RendererControl.Focus();
 
                 _parent = null;
             });

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/BackendSurface.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using static Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend.Interop;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend
+{
+    public abstract class BackendSurface : IDisposable
+    {
+        protected IntPtr Display => _display;
+
+        private IntPtr _display = IntPtr.Zero;
+
+        [DllImport("libX11.so.6")]
+        public static extern IntPtr XOpenDisplay(IntPtr display);
+
+        [DllImport("libX11.so.6")]
+        public static extern int XCloseDisplay(IntPtr display);
+
+        private PixelSize _currentSize;
+        public IntPtr Handle { get; protected set; }
+
+        public bool IsDisposed { get; private set; }
+
+        public BackendSurface(IntPtr handle)
+        {
+            Handle = handle;
+
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+            {
+                _display = XOpenDisplay(IntPtr.Zero);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PixelSize Size
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                PixelSize size = new PixelSize();
+                if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+                {
+                    GetClientRect(Handle, out var rect);
+                    size = new PixelSize(rect.right, rect.bottom);
+                }
+                else if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+                {
+                    XWindowAttributes attributes = new XWindowAttributes();
+                    XGetWindowAttributes(Display, Handle, ref attributes);
+
+                    size = new PixelSize(attributes.width, attributes.height);
+                }
+
+                _currentSize = size;
+
+                return size;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PixelSize CurrentSize => _currentSize;
+
+        public virtual void Dispose()
+        {
+            IsDisposed = true;
+
+            if (_display != IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                XCloseDisplay(_display);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Interop.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+using FluentAvalonia.Interop;
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend
+{
+    public static class Interop
+    {
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+        public struct XWindowAttributes
+        {
+            public int x;
+            public int y;
+            public int width;
+            public int height;
+            public int border_width;
+            public int depth;
+            public IntPtr visual;
+            public IntPtr root;
+            public int c_class;
+            public int bit_gravity;
+            public int win_gravity;
+            public int backing_store;
+            public IntPtr backing_planes;
+            public IntPtr backing_pixel;
+            public int save_under;
+            public IntPtr colormap;
+            public int map_installed;
+            public int map_state;
+            public IntPtr all_event_masks;
+            public IntPtr your_event_mask;
+            public IntPtr do_not_propagate_mask;
+            public int override_direct;
+            public IntPtr screen;
+        }
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
+        public static extern bool GetClientRect(IntPtr hwnd, out RECT lpRect);
+
+        [DllImport("libX11.so.6")]
+        public static extern int XCloseDisplay(IntPtr display);
+
+        [DllImport("libX11.so.6")]
+        public static extern int XGetWindowAttributes(IntPtr display, IntPtr window, ref XWindowAttributes attributes);
+
+        [DllImport("libX11.so.6")]
+        public static extern IntPtr XOpenDisplay(IntPtr display);
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/SkiaGpuFactory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Skia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend
+{
+    public static class SkiaGpuFactory
+    {
+        public static ISkiaGpu CreateVulkanGpu()
+        {
+            var skiaOptions = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<SkiaOptions>() ?? new SkiaOptions();
+            var platformInterface = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<VulkanPlatformInterface>();
+            if (platformInterface == null)
+            {
+                VulkanPlatformInterface.TryInitialize();
+            }
+            var gpu = new VulkanSkiaGpu(skiaOptions.MaxGpuResourceSizeBytes);
+            AvaloniaLocator.CurrentMutable.Bind<VulkanSkiaGpu>().ToConstant(gpu);
+            return gpu;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/ResultExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+using System;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    public static class ResultExtensions
+    {
+        public static void ThrowOnError(this Result result)
+        {
+            if (result != Result.Success) throw new Exception($"Unexpected API error \"{result}\".");
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/Skia/VulkanRenderTarget.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia.Skia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces;
+using SkiaSharp;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanRenderTarget : ISkiaGpuRenderTarget
+    {
+        public GRContext GrContext { get; set; }
+        
+        private readonly VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget _surface;
+        private readonly IVulkanPlatformSurface _vulkanPlatformSurface;
+
+        public VulkanRenderTarget(VulkanPlatformInterface vulkanPlatformInterface,
+            IVulkanPlatformSurface vulkanPlatformSurface)
+        {
+            _surface = vulkanPlatformInterface.CreateRenderTarget(vulkanPlatformSurface);
+            _vulkanPlatformSurface = vulkanPlatformSurface;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _surface.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public ISkiaGpuRenderSession BeginRenderingSession()
+        {
+            var session = _surface.BeginDraw(_vulkanPlatformSurface.Scaling);
+            bool success = false;
+            try
+            {
+                var disp = session.Display;
+                var api = session.Api;
+
+                var size = session.Size;
+                var scaling = session.Scaling;
+                if (size.Width <= 0 || size.Height <= 0 || scaling < 0)
+                {
+                    size = new Avalonia.PixelSize(1, 1);
+                    scaling = 1;
+                }
+
+                lock (GrContext)
+                {
+                    GrContext.ResetContext();
+
+                    var imageInfo = new GRVkImageInfo()
+                    {
+                        CurrentQueueFamily = disp.QueueFamilyIndex,
+                        Format = _surface.ImageFormat,
+                        Image = _surface.Image.Handle,
+                        ImageLayout = (uint)_surface.Image.CurrentLayout,
+                        ImageTiling = (uint)_surface.Image.Tiling,
+                        ImageUsageFlags = _surface.UsageFlags,
+                        LevelCount = _surface.MipLevels,
+                        SampleCount = 1,
+                        Protected = false,
+                        Alloc = new GRVkAlloc()
+                        {
+                            Memory = _surface.Image.MemoryHandle,
+                            Flags = 0,
+                            Offset = 0,
+                            Size = _surface.MemorySize
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    var renderTarget =
+                        new GRBackendRenderTarget((int)size.Width, (int)size.Height, 1,
+                            imageInfo);
+                    var surface = SKSurface.Create(GrContext, renderTarget,
+                        session.IsYFlipped ? GRSurfaceOrigin.TopLeft : GRSurfaceOrigin.BottomLeft,
+                        _surface.IsRgba ? SKColorType.Rgba8888 : SKColorType.Bgra8888, SKColorSpace.CreateSrgb());
+
+                    if (surface == null)
+                    {
+                        throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                            "Surface can't be created with the provided render target");
+                    }
+
+                    success = true;
+
+                    return new VulkanGpuSession(GrContext, renderTarget, surface, session);
+                }
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                if (!success)
+                    session.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool IsCorrupted { get; }
+
+        internal class VulkanGpuSession : ISkiaGpuRenderSession
+        {
+            private readonly GRBackendRenderTarget _backendRenderTarget;
+            private readonly VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession _vulkanSession;
+
+            public VulkanGpuSession(GRContext grContext,
+                GRBackendRenderTarget backendRenderTarget,
+                SKSurface surface,
+                VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession vulkanSession)
+            {
+                GrContext = grContext;
+                _backendRenderTarget = backendRenderTarget;
+                SkSurface = surface;
+                _vulkanSession = vulkanSession;
+
+                SurfaceOrigin = vulkanSession.IsYFlipped ? GRSurfaceOrigin.TopLeft : GRSurfaceOrigin.BottomLeft;
+            }
+
+            public void Dispose()
+            {
+                lock (_vulkanSession.Display.Lock)
+                {
+                    SkSurface.Canvas.Flush();
+
+                    SkSurface.Dispose();
+                    _backendRenderTarget.Dispose();
+                    GrContext.Flush();
+
+                    _vulkanSession.Dispose();
+                }
+            }
+
+            public GRContext GrContext { get; }
+            public SKSurface SkSurface { get; }
+            public double ScaleFactor => _vulkanSession.Scaling;
+            public GRSurfaceOrigin SurfaceOrigin { get; }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/Skia/VulkanSkiaGpu.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+using Avalonia.Skia;
+using Avalonia.X11;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using SkiaSharp;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend.Vulkan
+{
+    public class VulkanSkiaGpu : ISkiaGpu
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanPlatformInterface _vulkan;
+        private readonly long? _maxResourceBytes;
+        private GRContext _grContext;
+        private GRVkBackendContext _grVkBackend;
+        private bool _initialized;
+
+        public GRContext GrContext { get => _grContext; set => _grContext = value; }
+
+        public VulkanSkiaGpu(long? maxResourceBytes)
+        {
+            _vulkan = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<VulkanPlatformInterface>();
+            _maxResourceBytes = maxResourceBytes;
+        }
+
+        private void Initialize()
+        {
+            if (_initialized)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _initialized = true;
+            GRVkGetProcedureAddressDelegate getProc = (string name, IntPtr instanceHandle, IntPtr deviceHandle) =>
+            {
+                IntPtr addr = IntPtr.Zero;
+
+                if (deviceHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
+                {
+                    addr = _vulkan.Device.Api.GetDeviceProcAddr(new Device(deviceHandle), name);
+                    if (addr != IntPtr.Zero)
+                        return addr;
+
+                    addr = _vulkan.Device.Api.GetDeviceProcAddr(new Device(_vulkan.Device.Handle), name);
+
+                    if (addr != IntPtr.Zero)
+                        return addr;
+                }
+
+                addr = _vulkan.Device.Api.GetInstanceProcAddr(new Instance(_vulkan.Instance.Handle), name);
+
+                if (addr == IntPtr.Zero)
+                    addr = _vulkan.Device.Api.GetInstanceProcAddr(new Instance(instanceHandle), name);
+
+                return addr;
+            };
+            
+            _grVkBackend = new GRVkBackendContext()
+            {
+                VkInstance = _vulkan.Device.Handle,
+                VkPhysicalDevice = _vulkan.PhysicalDevice.Handle,
+                VkDevice = _vulkan.Device.Handle,
+                VkQueue = _vulkan.Device.Queue.Handle,
+                GraphicsQueueIndex = _vulkan.PhysicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex,
+                GetProcedureAddress = getProc
+            };
+            _grContext = GRContext.CreateVulkan(_grVkBackend);
+            if (_maxResourceBytes.HasValue)
+            {
+                _grContext.SetResourceCacheLimit(_maxResourceBytes.Value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ISkiaGpuRenderTarget TryCreateRenderTarget(IEnumerable<object> surfaces)
+        {
+            foreach (var surface in surfaces)
+            {
+                VulkanWindowSurface window;
+
+                if (surface is IPlatformHandle handle)
+                {
+                    window = new VulkanWindowSurface(handle.Handle);
+                }
+                else if (surface is X11FramebufferSurface x11FramebufferSurface)
+                {
+                    // As of Avalonia 0.10.13, an IPlatformHandle isn't passed for linux, so use reflection to otherwise get the window id
+                    var xId = (IntPtr)x11FramebufferSurface.GetType().GetField(
+                        "_xid",
+                        System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance).GetValue(x11FramebufferSurface);
+
+                    window = new VulkanWindowSurface(xId);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var vulkanRenderTarget = new VulkanRenderTarget(_vulkan, window);
+
+                Initialize();
+
+                vulkanRenderTarget.GrContext = _grContext;
+
+                return vulkanRenderTarget;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public ISkiaSurface TryCreateSurface(PixelSize size, ISkiaGpuRenderSession session)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/Skia/VulkanSurface.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanWindowSurface : BackendSurface, IVulkanPlatformSurface
+    {
+        public float Scaling => (float)Program.ActualScaleFactor;
+
+        public PixelSize SurfaceSize => Size;
+
+        public VulkanWindowSurface(IntPtr handle) : base(handle)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public unsafe SurfaceKHR CreateSurface(VulkanInstance instance)
+        {
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+            {
+                if (instance.Api.TryGetInstanceExtension(new Instance(instance.Handle), out KhrWin32Surface surfaceExtension))
+                {
+                    var createInfo = new Win32SurfaceCreateInfoKHR() { Hinstance = 0, Hwnd = Handle, SType = StructureType.Win32SurfaceCreateInfoKhr };
+
+                    surfaceExtension.CreateWin32Surface(new Instance(instance.Handle), createInfo, null, out var surface).ThrowOnError();
+
+                    return surface;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+            {
+                if (instance.Api.TryGetInstanceExtension(new Instance(instance.Handle), out KhrXlibSurface surfaceExtension))
+                {
+                    var createInfo = new XlibSurfaceCreateInfoKHR()
+                    {
+                        SType = StructureType.XlibSurfaceCreateInfoKhr,
+                        Dpy = (nint*)Display,
+                        Window = Handle
+                    };
+
+                    surfaceExtension.CreateXlibSurface(new Instance(instance.Handle), createInfo, null, out var surface).ThrowOnError();
+
+                    return surface;
+                }
+            }
+
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException("The current platform does not support surface creation.");
+        }
+
+        public override void Dispose()
+        {
+            base.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/Surfaces/IVulkanPlatformSurface.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces
+{
+    public interface IVulkanPlatformSurface : IDisposable
+    {
+        float Scaling { get; }
+        PixelSize SurfaceSize { get; }
+        SurfaceKHR CreateSurface(VulkanInstance instance);
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/Surfaces/VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces
+{
+    internal class VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanPlatformInterface _platformInterface;
+
+        public bool IsCorrupted { get; set; } = true;
+        private readonly Format _format;
+
+        public VulkanImage Image { get; private set; }
+
+        public uint MipLevels => Image.MipLevels;
+
+        public VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget(VulkanPlatformInterface platformInterface, VulkanSurface surface)
+        {
+            _platformInterface = platformInterface;
+
+            Display = VulkanDisplay.CreateDisplay(platformInterface.Instance, platformInterface.Device,
+                platformInterface.PhysicalDevice, surface);
+            Surface = surface;
+
+            // Skia seems to only create surfaces from images with unorm format
+
+            IsRgba = Display.SurfaceFormat.Format >= Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm &&
+                     Display.SurfaceFormat.Format <= Format.R8G8B8A8Srgb;
+            
+            _format = IsRgba ? Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm : Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm;
+        }
+
+        public bool IsRgba { get; }
+
+        public uint ImageFormat => (uint) _format;
+
+        public ulong MemorySize => Image.MemorySize;
+
+        public VulkanDisplay Display { get; }
+
+        public VulkanSurface Surface { get; }
+
+        public uint UsageFlags => Image.UsageFlags;
+
+        public PixelSize Size { get; private set; }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _platformInterface.Device.WaitIdle();   
+            DestroyImage();
+            Display?.Dispose();
+            Surface?.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession BeginDraw(float scaling)
+        {
+            var session = new VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession(Display, _platformInterface.Device, this, scaling);
+
+            if (IsCorrupted)
+            {
+                IsCorrupted = false;
+                DestroyImage();
+                CreateImage();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Image.TransitionLayout(ImageLayout.ColorAttachmentOptimal, AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr);
+            }
+
+            return session;
+        }
+
+        public void Invalidate()
+        {
+            IsCorrupted = true;
+        }
+
+        private void CreateImage()
+        {
+            Size = Display.Size;
+
+            Image = new VulkanImage(_platformInterface.Device, _platformInterface.PhysicalDevice, _platformInterface.Device.CommandBufferPool, ImageFormat, Size);
+        }
+
+        private void DestroyImage()
+        {
+            _platformInterface.Device.WaitIdle();
+            Image?.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanCommandBufferPool.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanCommandBufferPool : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanDevice _device;
+        private readonly CommandPool _commandPool;
+
+        private readonly List<VulkanCommandBuffer> _usedCommandBuffers = new();
+
+        public unsafe VulkanCommandBufferPool(VulkanDevice device, VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice)
+        {
+            _device = device;
+
+            var commandPoolCreateInfo = new CommandPoolCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.CommandPoolCreateInfo,
+                Flags = CommandPoolCreateFlags.CommandPoolCreateResetCommandBufferBit,
+                QueueFamilyIndex = physicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex
+            };
+
+            device.Api.CreateCommandPool(_device.InternalHandle, commandPoolCreateInfo, null, out _commandPool)
+                .ThrowOnError();
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void Dispose()
+        {
+            FreeUsedCommandBuffers();
+            _device.Api.DestroyCommandPool(_device.InternalHandle, _commandPool, null);
+        }
+
+        private CommandBuffer AllocateCommandBuffer()
+        {
+            var commandBufferAllocateInfo = new CommandBufferAllocateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.CommandBufferAllocateInfo,
+                CommandPool = _commandPool,
+                CommandBufferCount = 1,
+                Level = CommandBufferLevel.Primary
+            };
+
+            _device.Api.AllocateCommandBuffers(_device.InternalHandle, commandBufferAllocateInfo, out var commandBuffer);
+
+            return commandBuffer;
+        }
+
+        public VulkanCommandBuffer CreateCommandBuffer()
+        {
+            return new(_device, this);
+        }
+
+        public void FreeUsedCommandBuffers()
+        {
+            lock (_usedCommandBuffers)
+            {
+                foreach (var usedCommandBuffer in _usedCommandBuffers) usedCommandBuffer.Dispose();
+
+                _usedCommandBuffers.Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void DisposeCommandBuffer(VulkanCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+        {
+            lock (_usedCommandBuffers)
+            {
+                _usedCommandBuffers.Add(commandBuffer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class VulkanCommandBuffer : IDisposable
+        {
+            private readonly VulkanCommandBufferPool _commandBufferPool;
+            private readonly VulkanDevice _device;
+            private readonly Fence _fence;
+            private bool _hasEnded;
+            private bool _hasStarted;
+
+            public IntPtr Handle => InternalHandle.Handle;
+
+            internal CommandBuffer InternalHandle { get; }
+
+            internal unsafe VulkanCommandBuffer(VulkanDevice device, VulkanCommandBufferPool commandBufferPool)
+            {
+                _device = device;
+                _commandBufferPool = commandBufferPool;
+
+                InternalHandle = _commandBufferPool.AllocateCommandBuffer();
+
+                var fenceCreateInfo = new FenceCreateInfo()
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.FenceCreateInfo,
+                    Flags = FenceCreateFlags.FenceCreateSignaledBit
+                };
+
+                device.Api.CreateFence(device.InternalHandle, fenceCreateInfo, null, out _fence);
+            }
+
+            public unsafe void Dispose()
+            {
+                _device.Api.WaitForFences(_device.InternalHandle, 1, _fence, true, ulong.MaxValue);
+                _device.Api.FreeCommandBuffers(_device.InternalHandle, _commandBufferPool._commandPool, 1, InternalHandle);
+                _device.Api.DestroyFence(_device.InternalHandle, _fence, null);
+            }
+
+            public void BeginRecording()
+            {
+                if (!_hasStarted)
+                {
+                    _hasStarted = true;
+
+                    var beginInfo = new CommandBufferBeginInfo
+                    {
+                        SType = StructureType.CommandBufferBeginInfo,
+                        Flags = CommandBufferUsageFlags.CommandBufferUsageOneTimeSubmitBit
+                    };
+
+                    _device.Api.BeginCommandBuffer(InternalHandle, beginInfo);
+                }
+            }
+
+            public void EndRecording()
+            {
+                if (_hasStarted && !_hasEnded)
+                {
+                    _hasEnded = true;
+
+                    _device.Api.EndCommandBuffer(InternalHandle);
+                }
+            }
+
+            public void Submit()
+            {
+                Submit(null, null, null, _fence);
+            }
+
+            public unsafe void Submit(
+                ReadOnlySpan<Semaphore> waitSemaphores,
+                ReadOnlySpan<PipelineStageFlags> waitDstStageMask,
+                ReadOnlySpan<Semaphore> signalSemaphores,
+                Fence? fence = null)
+            {
+                EndRecording();
+
+                if (!fence.HasValue)
+                    fence = _fence;
+
+                fixed (Semaphore* pWaitSemaphores = waitSemaphores, pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores)
+                {
+                    fixed (PipelineStageFlags* pWaitDstStageMask = waitDstStageMask)
+                    {
+                        var commandBuffer = InternalHandle;
+                        var submitInfo = new SubmitInfo
+                        {
+                            SType = StructureType.SubmitInfo,
+                            WaitSemaphoreCount = waitSemaphores != null ? (uint)waitSemaphores.Length : 0,
+                            PWaitSemaphores = pWaitSemaphores,
+                            PWaitDstStageMask = pWaitDstStageMask,
+                            CommandBufferCount = 1,
+                            PCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer,
+                            SignalSemaphoreCount = signalSemaphores != null ? (uint)signalSemaphores.Length : 0,
+                            PSignalSemaphores = pSignalSemaphores,
+                        };
+
+                        _device.Api.ResetFences(_device.InternalHandle, 1, fence.Value);
+
+                        _device.Submit(submitInfo, fence.Value);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _commandBufferPool.DisposeCommandBuffer(this);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanDevice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+using System;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanDevice : IDisposable
+    {
+        private static object _lock = new object();
+
+        public VulkanDevice(Device apiHandle, VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, Vk api)
+        {
+            InternalHandle = apiHandle;
+            Api = api;
+
+            api.GetDeviceQueue(apiHandle, physicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex, 0, out var queue);
+
+            var vulkanQueue = new VulkanQueue(this, queue);
+            Queue = vulkanQueue;
+
+            PresentQueue = vulkanQueue;
+
+            CommandBufferPool = new VulkanCommandBufferPool(this, physicalDevice);
+        }
+
+        public IntPtr Handle => InternalHandle.Handle;
+
+        internal Device InternalHandle { get; }
+        public Vk Api { get; }
+
+        public VulkanQueue Queue { get; private set; }
+        public VulkanQueue PresentQueue { get; }
+        public VulkanCommandBufferPool CommandBufferPool { get; }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            WaitIdle();
+            CommandBufferPool?.Dispose();
+            Queue = null;
+        }
+
+        internal void Submit(SubmitInfo submitInfo, Fence fence = new())
+        {
+            lock (_lock)
+            {
+                Api.QueueSubmit(Queue.InternalHandle, 1, submitInfo, fence);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void WaitIdle()
+        { 
+            lock (_lock)
+            {
+                Api.DeviceWaitIdle(InternalHandle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void QueueWaitIdle()
+        {
+            lock (_lock)
+            {
+                Api.QueueWaitIdle(Queue.InternalHandle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public object Lock => _lock;
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanDisplay.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using Avalonia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanDisplay : IDisposable
+    {
+        private static KhrSwapchain _swapchainExtension;
+        private readonly VulkanInstance _instance;
+        private readonly VulkanPhysicalDevice _physicalDevice;
+        private readonly VulkanSemaphorePair _semaphorePair;
+        private uint _nextImage;
+        private readonly VulkanSurface _surface;
+        private SurfaceFormatKHR _surfaceFormat;
+        private SwapchainKHR _swapchain;
+        private Extent2D _swapchainExtent;
+        private Image[] _swapchainImages;
+        private VulkanDevice _device { get; }
+        private ImageView[] _swapchainImageViews = new ImageView[0];
+
+        public VulkanCommandBufferPool CommandBufferPool { get; set; }
+
+        public object Lock => _device.Lock;
+
+        private VulkanDisplay(VulkanInstance instance, VulkanDevice device,
+            VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VulkanSurface surface, SwapchainKHR swapchain,
+            Extent2D swapchainExtent)
+        {
+            _instance = instance;
+            _device = device;
+            _physicalDevice = physicalDevice;
+            _swapchain = swapchain;
+            _swapchainExtent = swapchainExtent;
+            _surface = surface;
+
+            CreateSwapchainImages();
+
+            _semaphorePair = new VulkanSemaphorePair(_device);
+
+            CommandBufferPool = new VulkanCommandBufferPool(device, physicalDevice);
+        }
+
+        public PixelSize Size { get; private set; }
+        public uint QueueFamilyIndex => _physicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex;
+
+        internal SurfaceFormatKHR SurfaceFormat
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_surfaceFormat.Format == Format.Undefined)
+                    _surfaceFormat = _surface.GetSurfaceFormat(_physicalDevice);
+
+                return _surfaceFormat;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void Dispose()
+        {
+            _device.WaitIdle();
+            _semaphorePair?.Dispose();
+            DestroyCurrentImageViews();
+            _swapchainExtension.DestroySwapchain(_device.InternalHandle, _swapchain, null);
+            CommandBufferPool.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        private static unsafe SwapchainKHR CreateSwapchain(VulkanInstance instance, VulkanDevice device,
+            VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VulkanSurface surface, out Extent2D swapchainExtent,
+            VulkanDisplay oldDisplay = null)
+        {
+            if (_swapchainExtension == null)
+            {
+                instance.Api.TryGetDeviceExtension(instance.InternalHandle, device.InternalHandle, out KhrSwapchain extension);
+
+                _swapchainExtension = extension;
+            }
+
+            while (!surface.CanSurfacePresent(physicalDevice))
+            {
+                Thread.Sleep(16);
+            }
+
+            VulkanSurface.SurfaceExtension.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilities(physicalDevice.InternalHandle,
+                surface.ApiHandle, out var capabilities);
+
+            uint presentModesCount;
+
+            VulkanSurface.SurfaceExtension.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModes(physicalDevice.InternalHandle,
+                surface.ApiHandle,
+                &presentModesCount, null);
+
+            var presentModes = new PresentModeKHR[presentModesCount];
+
+            fixed (PresentModeKHR* pPresentModes = presentModes)
+            {
+                VulkanSurface.SurfaceExtension.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModes(physicalDevice.InternalHandle,
+                    surface.ApiHandle, &presentModesCount, pPresentModes);
+            }
+
+            var imageCount = capabilities.MinImageCount + 1;
+            if (capabilities.MaxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > capabilities.MaxImageCount)
+                imageCount = capabilities.MaxImageCount;
+
+            var surfaceFormat = surface.GetSurfaceFormat(physicalDevice);
+
+            bool supportsIdentityTransform = capabilities.SupportedTransforms.HasFlag(SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR.SurfaceTransformIdentityBitKhr);
+            bool isRotated = capabilities.CurrentTransform.HasFlag(SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR.SurfaceTransformRotate90BitKhr) ||
+                capabilities.CurrentTransform.HasFlag(SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR.SurfaceTransformRotate270BitKhr);
+
+            if (capabilities.CurrentExtent.Width != uint.MaxValue)
+            {
+                swapchainExtent = capabilities.CurrentExtent;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var surfaceSize = surface.SurfaceSize;
+
+                var width = Math.Max(capabilities.MinImageExtent.Width,
+                    Math.Min(capabilities.MaxImageExtent.Width, (uint)surfaceSize.Width));
+                var height = Math.Max(capabilities.MinImageExtent.Height,
+                    Math.Min(capabilities.MaxImageExtent.Height, (uint)surfaceSize.Height));
+
+                swapchainExtent = new Extent2D(width, height);
+            }
+
+            PresentModeKHR presentMode;
+            var modes = presentModes.ToList();
+
+            if (modes.Contains(PresentModeKHR.PresentModeImmediateKhr))
+                presentMode = PresentModeKHR.PresentModeImmediateKhr;
+            else if (modes.Contains(PresentModeKHR.PresentModeMailboxKhr))
+                presentMode = PresentModeKHR.PresentModeMailboxKhr;
+            else
+                presentMode = PresentModeKHR.PresentModeFifoKhr;
+
+            var compositeAlphaFlags = CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.CompositeAlphaOpaqueBitKhr;
+
+            if (capabilities.SupportedCompositeAlpha.HasFlag(CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.CompositeAlphaPostMultipliedBitKhr))
+            {
+                compositeAlphaFlags = CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.CompositeAlphaPostMultipliedBitKhr;
+            }
+            else if (capabilities.SupportedCompositeAlpha.HasFlag(CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.CompositeAlphaPreMultipliedBitKhr))
+            {
+                compositeAlphaFlags = CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.CompositeAlphaPreMultipliedBitKhr;
+            }
+
+            var swapchainCreateInfo = new SwapchainCreateInfoKHR
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.SwapchainCreateInfoKhr,
+                Surface = surface.ApiHandle,
+                MinImageCount = imageCount,
+                ImageFormat = surfaceFormat.Format,
+                ImageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.ColorSpace,
+                ImageExtent = swapchainExtent,
+                ImageUsage =
+                    ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageColorAttachmentBit | ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageTransferDstBit,
+                ImageSharingMode = SharingMode.Exclusive,
+                ImageArrayLayers = 1,
+                PreTransform = supportsIdentityTransform && isRotated ? SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR.SurfaceTransformIdentityBitKhr : capabilities.CurrentTransform,
+                CompositeAlpha = compositeAlphaFlags,
+                PresentMode = presentMode,
+                Clipped = true,
+                OldSwapchain = oldDisplay?._swapchain ?? new SwapchainKHR()
+            };
+
+            _swapchainExtension.CreateSwapchain(device.InternalHandle, swapchainCreateInfo, null, out var swapchain)
+                .ThrowOnError();
+
+            if (oldDisplay != null)
+            {
+                _swapchainExtension.DestroySwapchain(device.InternalHandle, oldDisplay._swapchain, null);
+            }
+
+            return swapchain;
+        }
+
+
+        internal static VulkanDisplay CreateDisplay(VulkanInstance instance, VulkanDevice device,
+            VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VulkanSurface surface)
+        {
+            var swapchain = CreateSwapchain(instance, device, physicalDevice, surface, out var extent);
+
+            return new VulkanDisplay(instance, device, physicalDevice, surface, swapchain, extent);
+        }
+
+        private unsafe void CreateSwapchainImages()
+        {
+            DestroyCurrentImageViews();
+
+            Size = new PixelSize((int)_swapchainExtent.Width, (int)_swapchainExtent.Height);
+
+            uint imageCount = 0;
+
+            _swapchainExtension.GetSwapchainImages(_device.InternalHandle, _swapchain, &imageCount, null);
+
+            _swapchainImages = new Image[imageCount];
+
+            fixed (Image* pSwapchainImages = _swapchainImages)
+            {
+                _swapchainExtension.GetSwapchainImages(_device.InternalHandle, _swapchain, &imageCount, pSwapchainImages);
+            }
+
+            _swapchainImageViews = new ImageView[imageCount];
+
+            var surfaceFormat = SurfaceFormat;
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < imageCount; i++)
+            {
+                _swapchainImageViews[i] = CreateSwapchainImageView(_swapchainImages[i], surfaceFormat.Format);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private unsafe void DestroyCurrentImageViews()
+        {
+            if (_swapchainImageViews.Length > 0)
+            {
+                for (var i = 0; i < _swapchainImageViews.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    _instance.Api.DestroyImageView(_device.InternalHandle, _swapchainImageViews[i], null);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Recreate()
+        {
+            _device.WaitIdle();
+            _swapchain = CreateSwapchain(_instance, _device, _physicalDevice, _surface, out var extent, this);
+
+            _swapchainExtent = extent;
+
+            CreateSwapchainImages();
+        }
+
+        private unsafe ImageView CreateSwapchainImageView(Image swapchainImage, Format format)
+        {
+            var componentMapping = new ComponentMapping(
+                ComponentSwizzle.Identity,
+                ComponentSwizzle.Identity,
+                ComponentSwizzle.Identity,
+                ComponentSwizzle.Identity);
+
+            var aspectFlags = ImageAspectFlags.ImageAspectColorBit;
+
+            var subresourceRange = new ImageSubresourceRange(aspectFlags, 0, 1, 0, 1);
+
+            var imageCreateInfo = new ImageViewCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.ImageViewCreateInfo,
+                Image = swapchainImage,
+                ViewType = ImageViewType.ImageViewType2D,
+                Format = format,
+                Components = componentMapping,
+                SubresourceRange = subresourceRange
+            };
+
+            _instance.Api.CreateImageView(_device.InternalHandle, imageCreateInfo, null, out var imageView).ThrowOnError();
+            return imageView;
+        }
+
+        public bool EnsureSwapchainAvailable()
+        {
+            if (Size != _surface.SurfaceSize)
+            {
+                Recreate();
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        internal VulkanCommandBufferPool.VulkanCommandBuffer StartPresentation(VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget renderTarget)
+        {
+            _nextImage = 0;
+            while (true)
+            {
+                var acquireResult = _swapchainExtension.AcquireNextImage(
+                    _device.InternalHandle,
+                    _swapchain,
+                    ulong.MaxValue,
+                    _semaphorePair.ImageAvailableSemaphore,
+                    new Fence(),
+                    ref _nextImage);
+
+                if (acquireResult == Result.ErrorOutOfDateKhr ||
+                    acquireResult == Result.SuboptimalKhr)
+                {
+                    Recreate();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    acquireResult.ThrowOnError();
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            var commandBuffer = CommandBufferPool.CreateCommandBuffer();
+            commandBuffer.BeginRecording();
+
+            VulkanMemoryHelper.TransitionLayout(_device, commandBuffer.InternalHandle,
+                _swapchainImages[_nextImage], ImageLayout.Undefined,
+                AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr,
+                ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal,
+                AccessFlags.AccessTransferWriteBit,
+                1);
+
+            return commandBuffer;
+        }
+
+        internal void BlitImageToCurrentImage(VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget renderTarget, CommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+        {
+            VulkanMemoryHelper.TransitionLayout(_device, commandBuffer,
+                renderTarget.Image.InternalHandle.Value, (ImageLayout)renderTarget.Image.CurrentLayout,
+                AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr,
+                ImageLayout.TransferSrcOptimal,
+                AccessFlags.AccessTransferReadBit,
+                renderTarget.MipLevels);
+
+            var srcBlitRegion = new ImageBlit
+            {
+                SrcOffsets = new ImageBlit.SrcOffsetsBuffer
+                {
+                    Element0 = new Offset3D(0, 0, 0),
+                    Element1 = new Offset3D(renderTarget.Size.Width, renderTarget.Size.Height, 1),
+                },
+                DstOffsets = new ImageBlit.DstOffsetsBuffer
+                {
+                    Element0 = new Offset3D(0, 0, 0),
+                    Element1 = new Offset3D(Size.Width, Size.Height, 1),
+                },
+                SrcSubresource = new ImageSubresourceLayers
+                {
+                    AspectMask = ImageAspectFlags.ImageAspectColorBit,
+                    BaseArrayLayer = 0,
+                    LayerCount = 1,
+                    MipLevel = 0
+                },
+                DstSubresource = new ImageSubresourceLayers
+                {
+                    AspectMask = ImageAspectFlags.ImageAspectColorBit,
+                    BaseArrayLayer = 0,
+                    LayerCount = 1,
+                    MipLevel = 0
+                }
+            };
+
+            _device.Api.CmdBlitImage(commandBuffer, renderTarget.Image.InternalHandle.Value,
+                ImageLayout.TransferSrcOptimal,
+                _swapchainImages[_nextImage],
+                ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal,
+                1,
+                srcBlitRegion,
+                Filter.Linear);
+
+            VulkanMemoryHelper.TransitionLayout(_device, commandBuffer,
+                renderTarget.Image.InternalHandle.Value, ImageLayout.TransferSrcOptimal,
+                AccessFlags.AccessTransferReadBit,
+                (ImageLayout)renderTarget.Image.CurrentLayout,
+                AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr,
+                renderTarget.MipLevels);
+        }
+
+        internal unsafe void EndPresentation(VulkanCommandBufferPool.VulkanCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+        {
+            VulkanMemoryHelper.TransitionLayout(_device, commandBuffer.InternalHandle,
+                _swapchainImages[_nextImage], ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal,
+                AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr,
+                ImageLayout.PresentSrcKhr,
+                AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr,
+                1);
+
+            commandBuffer.Submit(
+                new[] { _semaphorePair.ImageAvailableSemaphore },
+                new[] { PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageColorAttachmentOutputBit },
+                new[] { _semaphorePair.RenderFinishedSemaphore });
+
+            var semaphore = _semaphorePair.RenderFinishedSemaphore;
+            var swapchain = _swapchain;
+            var nextImage = _nextImage;
+
+            Result result;
+
+            var presentInfo = new PresentInfoKHR
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.PresentInfoKhr,
+                WaitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+                PWaitSemaphores = &semaphore,
+                SwapchainCount = 1,
+                PSwapchains = &swapchain,
+                PImageIndices = &nextImage,
+                PResults = &result
+            };
+
+            lock (_device.Lock)
+            {
+                _swapchainExtension.QueuePresent(_device.PresentQueue.InternalHandle, presentInfo);
+            }
+            
+            CommandBufferPool.FreeUsedCommandBuffers();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanImage.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanImage : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanDevice _device;
+        private readonly VulkanPhysicalDevice _physicalDevice;
+        private readonly VulkanCommandBufferPool _commandBufferPool;
+        private ImageLayout _currentLayout;
+        private AccessFlags _currentAccessFlags;
+        private ImageUsageFlags _imageUsageFlags { get; }
+        private ImageView? _imageView { get; set; }
+        private DeviceMemory _imageMemory { get; set; }
+
+        internal Image? InternalHandle { get; private set; }
+        internal Format Format { get; }
+        internal ImageAspectFlags AspectFlags { get; private set; }
+
+        public ulong Handle => InternalHandle?.Handle ?? 0;
+        public ulong ViewHandle => _imageView?.Handle ?? 0;
+        public uint UsageFlags => (uint)_imageUsageFlags;
+        public ulong MemoryHandle => _imageMemory.Handle;
+        public uint MipLevels { get; private set; }
+        public PixelSize Size { get; }
+        public ulong MemorySize { get; private set; }
+        public uint CurrentLayout => (uint)_currentLayout;
+
+        public VulkanImage(
+            VulkanDevice device,
+            VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
+            VulkanCommandBufferPool commandBufferPool,
+            uint format,
+            PixelSize size,
+            uint mipLevels = 0)
+        {
+            _device = device;
+            _physicalDevice = physicalDevice;
+            _commandBufferPool = commandBufferPool;
+            Format = (Format)format;
+            Size = size;
+            MipLevels = mipLevels;
+            _imageUsageFlags =
+                ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageColorAttachmentBit | ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageTransferDstBit |
+                ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageTransferSrcBit | ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageSampledBit;
+
+            Initialize();
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void Initialize()
+        {
+            if (!InternalHandle.HasValue)
+            {
+                MipLevels = MipLevels != 0 ? MipLevels : (uint)Math.Floor(Math.Log(Math.Max(Size.Width, Size.Height), 2));
+
+                var imageCreateInfo = new ImageCreateInfo
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.ImageCreateInfo,
+                    ImageType = ImageType.ImageType2D,
+                    Format = Format,
+                    Extent = new Extent3D((uint?)Size.Width, (uint?)Size.Height, 1),
+                    MipLevels = MipLevels,
+                    ArrayLayers = 1,
+                    Samples = SampleCountFlags.SampleCount1Bit,
+                    Tiling = Tiling,
+                    Usage = _imageUsageFlags,
+                    SharingMode = SharingMode.Exclusive,
+                    InitialLayout = ImageLayout.Undefined,
+                    Flags = ImageCreateFlags.ImageCreateMutableFormatBit
+                };
+
+                _device.Api.CreateImage(_device.InternalHandle, imageCreateInfo, null, out var image).ThrowOnError();
+                InternalHandle = image;
+
+                _device.Api.GetImageMemoryRequirements(_device.InternalHandle, InternalHandle.Value,
+                    out var memoryRequirements);
+
+                var memoryAllocateInfo = new MemoryAllocateInfo
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.MemoryAllocateInfo,
+                    AllocationSize = memoryRequirements.Size,
+                    MemoryTypeIndex = (uint)VulkanMemoryHelper.FindSuitableMemoryTypeIndex(
+                        _physicalDevice,
+                        memoryRequirements.MemoryTypeBits, MemoryPropertyFlags.MemoryPropertyDeviceLocalBit)
+                };
+
+                _device.Api.AllocateMemory(_device.InternalHandle, memoryAllocateInfo, null,
+                    out var imageMemory);
+
+                _imageMemory = imageMemory;
+
+                _device.Api.BindImageMemory(_device.InternalHandle, InternalHandle.Value, _imageMemory, 0);
+
+                MemorySize = memoryRequirements.Size;
+
+                var componentMapping = new ComponentMapping(
+                    ComponentSwizzle.Identity,
+                    ComponentSwizzle.Identity,
+                    ComponentSwizzle.Identity,
+                    ComponentSwizzle.Identity);
+
+                AspectFlags = ImageAspectFlags.ImageAspectColorBit;
+
+                var subresourceRange = new ImageSubresourceRange(AspectFlags, 0, MipLevels, 0, 1);
+
+                var imageViewCreateInfo = new ImageViewCreateInfo
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.ImageViewCreateInfo,
+                    Image = InternalHandle.Value,
+                    ViewType = ImageViewType.ImageViewType2D,
+                    Format = Format,
+                    Components = componentMapping,
+                    SubresourceRange = subresourceRange
+                };
+
+                _device.Api
+                    .CreateImageView(_device.InternalHandle, imageViewCreateInfo, null, out var imageView)
+                    .ThrowOnError();
+
+                _imageView = imageView;
+
+                _currentLayout = ImageLayout.Undefined;
+
+                TransitionLayout(ImageLayout.ColorAttachmentOptimal, AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ImageTiling Tiling => ImageTiling.Optimal;
+
+        internal void TransitionLayout(ImageLayout destinationLayout, AccessFlags destinationAccessFlags)
+        {
+            var commandBuffer = _commandBufferPool.CreateCommandBuffer();
+            commandBuffer.BeginRecording();
+
+            VulkanMemoryHelper.TransitionLayout(_device, commandBuffer.InternalHandle, InternalHandle.Value,
+                _currentLayout,
+                _currentAccessFlags,
+                destinationLayout, destinationAccessFlags,
+                MipLevels);
+
+            commandBuffer.EndRecording();
+
+            commandBuffer.Submit();
+
+            _currentLayout = destinationLayout;
+            _currentAccessFlags = destinationAccessFlags;
+        }
+
+        public void TransitionLayout(uint destinationLayout, uint destinationAccessFlags)
+        {
+            TransitionLayout((ImageLayout)destinationLayout, (AccessFlags)destinationAccessFlags);
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void Dispose()
+        {
+            _device.Api.DestroyImageView(_device.InternalHandle, _imageView.Value, null);
+            _device.Api.DestroyImage(_device.InternalHandle, InternalHandle.Value, null);
+            _device.Api.FreeMemory(_device.InternalHandle, _imageMemory, null);
+
+            _imageView = default;
+            InternalHandle = default;
+            _imageMemory = default;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanInstance.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Silk.NET.Core;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    public class VulkanInstance : IDisposable
+    {
+        private const string EngineName = "Avalonia Vulkan";
+
+        private VulkanInstance(Instance apiHandle, Vk api)
+        {
+            InternalHandle = apiHandle;
+            Api = api;
+        }
+
+        public IntPtr Handle => InternalHandle.Handle;
+
+        internal Instance InternalHandle { get; }
+        public Vk Api { get; }
+
+        internal static IList<string> RequiredInstanceExtensions
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                var extensions = new List<string> { "VK_KHR_surface" };
+
+                if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux))
+                {
+                    extensions.Add("VK_KHR_xlib_surface");
+                }
+                else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
+                {
+                    extensions.Add("VK_KHR_win32_surface");
+                }
+
+                return extensions;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void Dispose()
+        {
+            Api?.DestroyInstance(InternalHandle, null);
+            Api?.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        internal static unsafe VulkanInstance Create(VulkanOptions options)
+        {
+            var api = Vk.GetApi();
+            var applicationName = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(options.ApplicationName);
+            var engineName = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(EngineName);
+            var enabledExtensions = new List<string>(options.InstanceExtensions);
+
+            enabledExtensions.AddRange(RequiredInstanceExtensions);
+
+            var applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo
+            {
+                PApplicationName = (byte*)applicationName,
+                ApiVersion = new Version32((uint)options.VulkanVersion.Major, (uint)options.VulkanVersion.Minor,
+                    (uint)options.VulkanVersion.Build),
+                PEngineName = (byte*)engineName,
+                EngineVersion = new Version32(1, 0, 0),
+                ApplicationVersion = new Version32(1, 0, 0)
+            };
+
+            var enabledLayers = new HashSet<string>();
+
+            if (options.UseDebug)
+            {
+                enabledExtensions.Add(ExtDebugUtils.ExtensionName);
+                if (IsLayerAvailable(api, "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"))
+                    enabledLayers.Add("VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation");
+            }
+
+            foreach (var layer in options.EnabledLayers)
+                enabledLayers.Add(layer);
+
+            var ppEnabledExtensions = stackalloc IntPtr[enabledExtensions.Count];
+            var ppEnabledLayers = stackalloc IntPtr[enabledLayers.Count];
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < enabledExtensions.Count; i++)
+                ppEnabledExtensions[i] = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(enabledExtensions[i]);
+
+            var layers = enabledLayers.ToList();
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < enabledLayers.Count; i++)
+                ppEnabledLayers[i] = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(layers[i]);
+
+            var instanceCreateInfo = new InstanceCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.InstanceCreateInfo,
+                PApplicationInfo = &applicationInfo,
+                PpEnabledExtensionNames = (byte**)ppEnabledExtensions,
+                PpEnabledLayerNames = (byte**)ppEnabledLayers,
+                EnabledExtensionCount = (uint)enabledExtensions.Count,
+                EnabledLayerCount = (uint)enabledLayers.Count
+            };
+
+            api.CreateInstance(in instanceCreateInfo, null, out var instance).ThrowOnError();
+            
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(applicationName);
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(engineName);
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < enabledExtensions.Count; i++) Marshal.FreeHGlobal(ppEnabledExtensions[i]);
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < enabledLayers.Count; i++) Marshal.FreeHGlobal(ppEnabledLayers[i]);
+
+            return new VulkanInstance(instance, api);
+        }
+
+        private static unsafe bool IsLayerAvailable(Vk api, string layerName)
+        {
+            uint layerPropertiesCount;
+
+            api.EnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerPropertiesCount, null).ThrowOnError();
+
+            var layerProperties = new LayerProperties[layerPropertiesCount];
+
+            fixed (LayerProperties* pLayerProperties = layerProperties)
+            {
+                api.EnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerPropertiesCount, layerProperties).ThrowOnError();
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < layerPropertiesCount; i++)
+                {
+                    var currentLayerName = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)pLayerProperties[i].LayerName);
+
+                    if (currentLayerName == layerName) return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanMemoryHelper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal static class VulkanMemoryHelper
+    {
+        internal static int FindSuitableMemoryTypeIndex(VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, uint memoryTypeBits,
+            MemoryPropertyFlags flags)
+        {
+            physicalDevice.Api.GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice.InternalHandle, out var properties);
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < properties.MemoryTypeCount; i++)
+            {
+                var type = properties.MemoryTypes[i];
+
+                if ((memoryTypeBits & (1 << i)) != 0 && type.PropertyFlags.HasFlag(flags)) return i;
+            }
+
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        internal static unsafe void TransitionLayout(VulkanDevice device,
+            CommandBuffer commandBuffer,
+            Image image,
+            ImageLayout sourceLayout,
+            AccessFlags sourceAccessMask,
+            ImageLayout destinationLayout,
+            AccessFlags destinationAccessMask,
+            uint mipLevels)
+        {
+            var subresourceRange = new ImageSubresourceRange(ImageAspectFlags.ImageAspectColorBit, 0, mipLevels, 0, 1);
+
+            var barrier = new ImageMemoryBarrier
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.ImageMemoryBarrier,
+                SrcAccessMask = sourceAccessMask,
+                DstAccessMask = destinationAccessMask,
+                OldLayout = sourceLayout,
+                NewLayout = destinationLayout,
+                SrcQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
+                DstQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
+                Image = image,
+                SubresourceRange = subresourceRange
+            };
+
+            device.Api.CmdPipelineBarrier(
+                commandBuffer,
+                PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageAllCommandsBit,
+                PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageAllCommandsBit,
+                0,
+                0,
+                null,
+                0,
+                null,
+                1,
+                barrier);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanOptions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    public class VulkanOptions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the application name of the Vulkan instance
+        /// </summary>
+        public string ApplicationName { get; set; }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Specifies the Vulkan API version to use
+        /// </summary>
+        public Version VulkanVersion{ get; set; } =  new Version(1, 1, 0);
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Specifies additional extensions to enable if available on the instance
+        /// </summary>
+        public IList<string> InstanceExtensions { get; set; } = new List<string>();
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Specifies layers to enable if available on the instance
+        /// </summary>
+        public IList<string> EnabledLayers { get; set; } = new List<string>();
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Enables the debug layer
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool UseDebug { get; set; }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Selects the first suitable discrete GPU available
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool PreferDiscreteGpu { get; set; }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the device to use if available and suitable.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string PreferredDevice { get; set; }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Max number of device queues to request
+        /// </summary>
+        public uint MaxQueueCount { get; set; }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanPhysicalDevice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Core;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    public unsafe class VulkanPhysicalDevice
+    {
+        private VulkanPhysicalDevice(PhysicalDevice apiHandle, Vk api, uint queueCount, uint queueFamilyIndex)
+        {
+            InternalHandle = apiHandle;
+            Api = api;
+            QueueCount = queueCount;
+            QueueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndex;
+
+            api.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties(apiHandle, out var properties);
+
+            DeviceName = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)properties.DeviceName);
+
+            var version = (Version32)properties.ApiVersion;
+            ApiVersion = new Version((int)version.Major, (int)version.Minor, 0, (int)version.Patch);
+        }
+
+        internal PhysicalDevice InternalHandle { get; }
+        internal Vk Api { get; }
+        public uint QueueCount { get; }
+        public uint QueueFamilyIndex { get; }
+        public IntPtr Handle => InternalHandle.Handle;
+
+        public string DeviceName { get; }
+        public Version ApiVersion { get; }
+
+        internal static unsafe VulkanPhysicalDevice FindSuitablePhysicalDevice(VulkanInstance instance,
+            VulkanSurface surface, bool preferDiscreteGpu, string preferredDevice)
+        {
+            uint physicalDeviceCount;
+
+            instance.Api.EnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance.InternalHandle, &physicalDeviceCount, null).ThrowOnError();
+
+            var physicalDevices = new PhysicalDevice[physicalDeviceCount];
+
+            fixed (PhysicalDevice* pPhysicalDevices = physicalDevices)
+            {
+                instance.Api.EnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance.InternalHandle, &physicalDeviceCount, pPhysicalDevices)
+                    .ThrowOnError();
+            }
+
+            var physicalDeviceProperties = new Dictionary<PhysicalDevice, PhysicalDeviceProperties>();
+
+            foreach (var physicalDevice in physicalDevices)
+            {
+                instance.Api.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physicalDevice, out var properties);
+                physicalDeviceProperties.Add(physicalDevice, properties);
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(preferredDevice))
+            {
+                var physicalDevice = physicalDeviceProperties.FirstOrDefault(x => VulkanInitialization.StringFromIdPair(x.Value.VendorID, x.Value.DeviceID) == preferredDevice);
+                if (physicalDevice.Key.Handle != 0 && IsSuitableDevice(instance.Api, physicalDevice.Key,
+                    physicalDevice.Value, surface.ApiHandle, out var queueCount,
+                    out var queueFamilyIndex))
+                    return new VulkanPhysicalDevice(physicalDevice.Key, instance.Api, queueCount, queueFamilyIndex);
+            }
+
+            if (preferDiscreteGpu)
+            {
+                var discreteGpus = physicalDeviceProperties.Where(p => p.Value.DeviceType == PhysicalDeviceType.DiscreteGpu);
+
+                foreach (var gpu in discreteGpus)
+                {
+                    if (IsSuitableDevice(
+                        instance.Api,
+                        gpu.Key,
+                        gpu.Value,
+                        surface.ApiHandle,
+                        out var queueCount,
+                        out var queueFamilyIndex))
+                    {
+                        return new VulkanPhysicalDevice(gpu.Key, instance.Api, queueCount, queueFamilyIndex);
+                    }
+
+                    physicalDeviceProperties.Remove(gpu.Key);
+                }
+            }
+
+            foreach (var physicalDevice in physicalDeviceProperties)
+                if (IsSuitableDevice(
+                    instance.Api,
+                    physicalDevice.Key,
+                    physicalDevice.Value,
+                    surface.ApiHandle,
+                    out var queueCount,
+                    out var queueFamilyIndex))
+                {
+                    return new VulkanPhysicalDevice(physicalDevice.Key, instance.Api, queueCount, queueFamilyIndex);
+                }
+
+            throw new Exception("No suitable physical device found");
+        }
+
+        private static unsafe bool IsSuitableDevice(Vk api, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, PhysicalDeviceProperties properties, SurfaceKHR surface,
+            out uint queueCount, out uint familyIndex)
+        {
+            queueCount = 0;
+            familyIndex = 0;
+
+            if (properties.DeviceType == PhysicalDeviceType.Cpu) return false;
+
+            var extensionMatches = 0;
+            uint propertiesCount;
+
+            api.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, (byte*)null, &propertiesCount, null).ThrowOnError();
+
+            var extensionProperties = new ExtensionProperties[propertiesCount];
+
+            fixed (ExtensionProperties* pExtensionProperties = extensionProperties)
+            {
+                api.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(
+                    physicalDevice,
+                    (byte*)null,
+                    &propertiesCount,
+                    pExtensionProperties).ThrowOnError();
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < propertiesCount; i++)
+                {
+                    var extensionName = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)pExtensionProperties[i].ExtensionName);
+
+                    if (VulkanInitialization.RequiredExtensions.Contains(extensionName))
+                    {
+                        extensionMatches++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (extensionMatches == VulkanInitialization.RequiredExtensions.Length)
+            {
+                familyIndex = FindSuitableQueueFamily(api, physicalDevice, surface, out queueCount);
+
+                return familyIndex != uint.MaxValue;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        internal unsafe string[] GetSupportedExtensions()
+        {
+            uint propertiesCount;
+
+            Api.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(InternalHandle, (byte*)null, &propertiesCount, null).ThrowOnError();
+
+            var extensionProperties = new ExtensionProperties[propertiesCount];
+
+            fixed (ExtensionProperties* pExtensionProperties = extensionProperties)
+            {
+                Api.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(InternalHandle, (byte*)null, &propertiesCount, pExtensionProperties)
+                    .ThrowOnError();
+            }
+
+            return extensionProperties.Select(x => Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)x.ExtensionName)).ToArray();
+        }
+
+        private static unsafe uint FindSuitableQueueFamily(Vk api, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, SurfaceKHR surface,
+            out uint queueCount)
+        {
+            const QueueFlags RequiredFlags = QueueFlags.QueueGraphicsBit | QueueFlags.QueueComputeBit;
+
+            var khrSurface = new KhrSurface(api.Context);
+
+            uint propertiesCount;
+
+            api.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &propertiesCount, null);
+
+            var properties = new QueueFamilyProperties[propertiesCount];
+
+            fixed (QueueFamilyProperties* pProperties = properties)
+            {
+                api.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &propertiesCount, pProperties);
+            }
+
+            for (uint index = 0; index < propertiesCount; index++)
+            {
+                var queueFlags = properties[index].QueueFlags;
+
+                khrSurface.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupport(physicalDevice, index, surface, out var surfaceSupported)
+                    .ThrowOnError();
+
+                if (queueFlags.HasFlag(RequiredFlags) && surfaceSupported)
+                {
+                    queueCount = properties[index].QueueCount;
+                    return index;
+                }
+            }
+
+            queueCount = 0;
+            return uint.MaxValue;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanPlatformInterface.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanPlatformInterface : IDisposable
+    {
+        private static VulkanOptions _options;
+
+        private VulkanPlatformInterface(VulkanInstance instance)
+        {
+            Instance = instance;
+            Api = instance.Api;
+        }
+
+        public VulkanPhysicalDevice PhysicalDevice { get; private set; }
+        public VulkanInstance Instance { get; }
+        public VulkanDevice Device { get; set; }
+        public Vk Api { get; private set; }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            Device?.Dispose();
+            Instance?.Dispose();
+            Api?.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        private static VulkanPlatformInterface TryCreate()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                _options = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<VulkanOptions>() ?? new VulkanOptions();
+
+                var instance = VulkanInstance.Create(_options);
+
+                return new VulkanPlatformInterface(instance);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool TryInitialize()
+        {
+            var feature = TryCreate();
+            if (feature != null)
+            {
+                AvaloniaLocator.CurrentMutable.Bind<VulkanPlatformInterface>().ToConstant(feature);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget CreateRenderTarget(IVulkanPlatformSurface platformSurface)
+        {
+            var surface = VulkanSurface.CreateSurface(Instance, platformSurface);
+            try
+            {
+                if (Device == null)
+                {
+                    PhysicalDevice = VulkanPhysicalDevice.FindSuitablePhysicalDevice(Instance, surface, _options.PreferDiscreteGpu, _options.PreferredDevice);
+                    var device = VulkanInitialization.CreateDevice(Instance.Api,
+                                                                   PhysicalDevice.InternalHandle,
+                                                                   PhysicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex,
+                                                                   VulkanInitialization.GetSupportedExtensions(Instance.Api, PhysicalDevice.InternalHandle),
+                                                                   PhysicalDevice.QueueCount);
+
+                    Device = new VulkanDevice(device, PhysicalDevice, Instance.Api);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception)
+            {
+                surface.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            return new VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget(this, surface);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanQueue.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+using System;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanQueue
+    {
+        public VulkanQueue(VulkanDevice device, Queue apiHandle)
+        {
+            Device = device;
+            InternalHandle = apiHandle;
+        }
+
+        public VulkanDevice Device { get; }
+        public IntPtr Handle => InternalHandle.Handle;
+        internal Queue InternalHandle { get; }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanSemaphorePair.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+using System;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanSemaphorePair : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanDevice _device;
+
+        public unsafe VulkanSemaphorePair(VulkanDevice device)
+        {
+            _device = device;
+
+            var semaphoreCreateInfo = new SemaphoreCreateInfo { SType = StructureType.SemaphoreCreateInfo };
+
+            _device.Api.CreateSemaphore(_device.InternalHandle, semaphoreCreateInfo, null, out var semaphore).ThrowOnError();
+            ImageAvailableSemaphore = semaphore;
+
+            _device.Api.CreateSemaphore(_device.InternalHandle, semaphoreCreateInfo, null, out semaphore).ThrowOnError();
+            RenderFinishedSemaphore = semaphore;
+        }
+
+        internal Semaphore ImageAvailableSemaphore { get; }
+        internal Semaphore RenderFinishedSemaphore { get; }
+
+        public unsafe void Dispose()
+        {
+            _device.Api.DestroySemaphore(_device.InternalHandle, ImageAvailableSemaphore, null);
+            _device.Api.DestroySemaphore(_device.InternalHandle, RenderFinishedSemaphore, null);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanSurface.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    public class VulkanSurface : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanInstance _instance;
+        private readonly IVulkanPlatformSurface _vulkanPlatformSurface;
+
+        private VulkanSurface(IVulkanPlatformSurface vulkanPlatformSurface, VulkanInstance instance)
+        {
+            _vulkanPlatformSurface = vulkanPlatformSurface;
+            _instance = instance;
+            ApiHandle = vulkanPlatformSurface.CreateSurface(instance);
+        }
+
+        internal SurfaceKHR ApiHandle { get; }
+
+        internal static KhrSurface SurfaceExtension { get; private set; }
+
+        internal PixelSize SurfaceSize => _vulkanPlatformSurface.SurfaceSize;
+
+        public unsafe void Dispose()
+        {
+            SurfaceExtension.DestroySurface(_instance.InternalHandle, ApiHandle, null);
+            _vulkanPlatformSurface.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        internal static VulkanSurface CreateSurface(VulkanInstance instance, IVulkanPlatformSurface vulkanPlatformSurface)
+        {
+            if (SurfaceExtension == null)
+            {
+                instance.Api.TryGetInstanceExtension(instance.InternalHandle, out KhrSurface extension);
+
+                SurfaceExtension = extension;
+            }
+
+            return new VulkanSurface(vulkanPlatformSurface, instance);
+        }
+
+        internal bool CanSurfacePresent(VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice)
+        {
+            SurfaceExtension.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupport(physicalDevice.InternalHandle, physicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex, ApiHandle, out var isSupported);
+
+            return isSupported;
+        }
+
+        internal unsafe SurfaceFormatKHR GetSurfaceFormat(VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice)
+        {
+            uint surfaceFormatsCount;
+
+            SurfaceExtension.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormats(physicalDevice.InternalHandle, ApiHandle,
+                &surfaceFormatsCount, null);
+
+            var surfaceFormats = new SurfaceFormatKHR[surfaceFormatsCount];
+
+            fixed (SurfaceFormatKHR* pSurfaceFormats = surfaceFormats)
+            {
+                SurfaceExtension.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormats(physicalDevice.InternalHandle, ApiHandle,
+                    &surfaceFormatsCount, pSurfaceFormats);
+            }
+
+            if (surfaceFormats.Length == 1 && surfaceFormats[0].Format == Format.Undefined)
+                return new SurfaceFormatKHR(Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm, ColorSpaceKHR.ColorspaceSrgbNonlinearKhr);
+            foreach (var format in surfaceFormats)
+                if (format.Format == Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm &&
+                    format.ColorSpace == ColorSpaceKHR.ColorspaceSrgbNonlinearKhr)
+                    return format;
+
+            return surfaceFormats[0];
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanDevice _device;
+        private readonly VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget _renderTarget;
+        private VulkanCommandBufferPool.VulkanCommandBuffer _commandBuffer;
+
+        public VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession(VulkanDisplay display, VulkanDevice device,
+            VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget renderTarget, float scaling)
+        {
+            Display = display;
+            _device = device;
+            _renderTarget = renderTarget;
+            Scaling = scaling;
+            Begin();
+        }
+
+        public VulkanDisplay Display { get; }
+
+        public PixelSize Size => _renderTarget.Size;
+        public Vk Api => _device.Api;
+
+        public float Scaling { get; }
+
+        public bool IsYFlipped { get; } = true;
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _commandBuffer = Display.StartPresentation(_renderTarget);
+
+            Display.BlitImageToCurrentImage(_renderTarget, _commandBuffer.InternalHandle);
+
+            Display.EndPresentation(_commandBuffer);
+        }
+
+        private void Begin()
+        {
+            if (!Display.EnsureSwapchainAvailable())
+                _renderTarget.Invalidate();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Controls/OpenGLRendererControl.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.OpenGL;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+using Avalonia.Rendering.SceneGraph;
+using Avalonia.Skia;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
+using SkiaSharp;
+using SPB.Graphics;
+using SPB.Graphics.OpenGL;
+using SPB.Platform;
+using SPB.Windowing;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
+{
+    internal class OpenGLRendererControl : RendererControl
+    {
+        public int Major { get; }
+        public int Minor { get; }
+        public OpenGLContextBase GameContext { get; set; }
+
+        public static OpenGLContextBase PrimaryContext => AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<IPlatformOpenGlInterface>().PrimaryContext.AsOpenGLContextBase();
+
+        private SwappableNativeWindowBase _gameBackgroundWindow;
+
+        private IntPtr _fence;
+
+        public OpenGLRendererControl(int major, int minor, GraphicsDebugLevel graphicsDebugLevel) : base(graphicsDebugLevel)
+        {
+            Major = major;
+            Minor = minor;
+        }
+
+        public override void DestroyBackgroundContext()
+        {
+            _image = null;
+
+            if (_fence != IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                DrawOperation.Dispose();
+                GL.DeleteSync(_fence);
+            }
+
+            GlDrawOperation.DeleteFramebuffer();
+
+            GameContext?.Dispose();
+
+            _gameBackgroundWindow?.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        internal override void Present(object image)
+        {
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
+            {
+                Image = (int)image;
+            }).Wait();
+
+            if (_fence != IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                GL.DeleteSync(_fence);
+            }
+
+            _fence = GL.FenceSync(SyncCondition.SyncGpuCommandsComplete, WaitSyncFlags.None);
+
+            QueueRender();
+
+            _gameBackgroundWindow.SwapBuffers();
+        }
+
+        internal override void MakeCurrent()
+        {
+            GameContext.MakeCurrent(_gameBackgroundWindow);
+        }
+
+        internal override void MakeCurrent(SwappableNativeWindowBase window)
+        {
+            GameContext.MakeCurrent(window);
+        }
+
+        protected override void CreateWindow()
+        {
+            var flags = OpenGLContextFlags.Compat;
+            if (DebugLevel != GraphicsDebugLevel.None)
+            {
+                flags |= OpenGLContextFlags.Debug;
+            }
+            _gameBackgroundWindow = PlatformHelper.CreateOpenGLWindow(FramebufferFormat.Default, 0, 0, 100, 100);
+            _gameBackgroundWindow.Hide();
+
+            GameContext = PlatformHelper.CreateOpenGLContext(FramebufferFormat.Default, Major, Minor, flags, shareContext: PrimaryContext);
+            GameContext.Initialize(_gameBackgroundWindow);
+        }
+
+        protected override ICustomDrawOperation CreateDrawOperation()
+        {
+            return new GlDrawOperation(this);
+        }
+
+        private class GlDrawOperation : ICustomDrawOperation
+        {
+            private static int _framebuffer;
+
+            public Rect Bounds { get; }
+
+            private readonly OpenGLRendererControl _control;
+
+            public GlDrawOperation(OpenGLRendererControl control)
+            {
+                _control = control;
+                Bounds = _control.Bounds;
+            }
+
+            public void Dispose() { }
+
+            public static void DeleteFramebuffer()
+            {
+                if (_framebuffer == 0)
+                {
+                    GL.DeleteFramebuffer(_framebuffer);
+                }
+
+                _framebuffer = 0;
+            }
+
+            public bool Equals(ICustomDrawOperation other)
+            {
+                return other is GlDrawOperation operation && Equals(this, operation) && operation.Bounds == Bounds;
+            }
+
+            public bool HitTest(Point p)
+            {
+                return Bounds.Contains(p);
+            }
+
+            private void CreateRenderTarget()
+            {
+                _framebuffer = GL.GenFramebuffer();
+            }
+
+            public void Render(IDrawingContextImpl context)
+            {
+                if (_control.Image == null)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (_framebuffer == 0)
+                {
+                    CreateRenderTarget();
+                }
+
+                int currentFramebuffer = GL.GetInteger(GetPName.FramebufferBinding);
+
+                var image = _control.Image;
+                var fence = _control._fence;
+
+                GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, _framebuffer);
+                GL.FramebufferTexture2D(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, FramebufferAttachment.ColorAttachment0, TextureTarget.Texture2D, (int)image, 0);
+                GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, currentFramebuffer);
+
+                if (context is not ISkiaDrawingContextImpl skiaDrawingContextImpl)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var imageInfo = new SKImageInfo((int)_control.RenderSize.Width, (int)_control.RenderSize.Height, SKColorType.Rgba8888);
+                var glInfo = new GRGlFramebufferInfo((uint)_framebuffer, SKColorType.Rgba8888.ToGlSizedFormat());
+
+                GL.WaitSync(fence, WaitSyncFlags.None, ulong.MaxValue);
+
+                using var backendTexture = new GRBackendRenderTarget(imageInfo.Width, imageInfo.Height, 1, 0, glInfo);
+                using var surface = SKSurface.Create(skiaDrawingContextImpl.GrContext, backendTexture, GRSurfaceOrigin.BottomLeft, SKColorType.Rgba8888);
+
+                if (surface == null)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var rect = new Rect(new Point(), _control.RenderSize);
+
+                using var snapshot = surface.Snapshot();
+                skiaDrawingContextImpl.SkCanvas.DrawImage(snapshot, rect.ToSKRect(), _control.Bounds.ToSKRect(), new SKPaint());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Controls/RendererControl.cs

@@ -2,65 +2,45 @@
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Data;
 using Avalonia.Media;
-using Avalonia.OpenGL;
-using Avalonia.Platform;
 using Avalonia.Rendering.SceneGraph;
-using Avalonia.Skia;
-using Avalonia.Threading;
-using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
-using SkiaSharp;
-using SPB.Graphics;
-using SPB.Graphics.OpenGL;
-using SPB.Platform;
 using SPB.Windowing;
 using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
 {
-    public class RendererControl : Control
+    public abstract class RendererControl : Control
     {
-        private int _image;
+        protected object _image;
 
         static RendererControl()
         {
             AffectsRender<RendererControl>(ImageProperty);
         }
 
-        public readonly static StyledProperty<int> ImageProperty =
-            AvaloniaProperty.Register<RendererControl, int>(nameof(Image), 0, inherits: true, defaultBindingMode: BindingMode.TwoWay);
+        public readonly static StyledProperty<object> ImageProperty =
+            AvaloniaProperty.Register<RendererControl, object>(nameof(Image), 0, inherits: true, defaultBindingMode: BindingMode.TwoWay);
 
-        protected int Image
+        protected object Image
         {
             get => _image;
             set => SetAndRaise(ImageProperty, ref _image, value);
         }
 
-        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> GlInitialized;
+        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> RendererInitialized;
         public event EventHandler<Size> SizeChanged;
 
         protected Size RenderSize { get; private set; }
         public bool IsStarted { get; private set; }
 
-        public int Major { get; }
-        public int Minor { get; }
         public GraphicsDebugLevel DebugLevel { get; }
-        public OpenGLContextBase GameContext { get; set; }
-
-        public static OpenGLContextBase PrimaryContext => AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<IPlatformOpenGlInterface>().PrimaryContext.AsOpenGLContextBase();
-
-        private SwappableNativeWindowBase _gameBackgroundWindow;
 
         private bool _isInitialized;
 
-        private IntPtr _fence;
+        protected ICustomDrawOperation DrawOperation { get; private set; }
 
-        private GlDrawOperation _glDrawOperation;
-
-        public RendererControl(int major, int minor, GraphicsDebugLevel graphicsDebugLevel)
+        public RendererControl(GraphicsDebugLevel graphicsDebugLevel)
         {
-            Major = major;
-            Minor = minor;
             DebugLevel = graphicsDebugLevel;
             IObservable<Rect> resizeObservable = this.GetObservable(BoundsProperty);
 
@@ -69,7 +49,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
             Focusable = true;
         }
 
-        private void Resized(Rect rect)
+        protected void Resized(Rect rect)
         {
             SizeChanged?.Invoke(this, rect.Size);
 
@@ -77,37 +57,40 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
             {
                 RenderSize = rect.Size * VisualRoot.RenderScaling;
 
-                _glDrawOperation?.Dispose();
-                _glDrawOperation = new GlDrawOperation(this);
+                DrawOperation?.Dispose();
+                DrawOperation = CreateDrawOperation();
             }
         }
 
+        protected abstract ICustomDrawOperation CreateDrawOperation();
+        protected abstract void CreateWindow();
+
         public override void Render(DrawingContext context)
         {
             if (!_isInitialized)
             {
                 CreateWindow();
 
-                OnGlInitialized();
+                OnRendererInitialized();
                 _isInitialized = true;
             }
 
-            if (GameContext == null || !IsStarted || Image == 0)
+            if (!IsStarted || Image == null)
             {
                 return;
             }
 
-            if (_glDrawOperation != null)
+            if (DrawOperation != null)
             {
-                context.Custom(_glDrawOperation);
+                context.Custom(DrawOperation);
             }
 
             base.Render(context);
         }
 
-        protected void OnGlInitialized()
+        protected void OnRendererInitialized()
         {
-            GlInitialized?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
+            RendererInitialized?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
         }
 
         public void QueueRender()
@@ -115,24 +98,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
             Program.RenderTimer.TickNow();
         }
 
-        internal void Present(object image)
-        {
-            Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
-            {
-                Image = (int)image;
-            }).Wait();
-
-            if (_fence != IntPtr.Zero)
-            {
-                GL.DeleteSync(_fence);
-            }
-
-            _fence = GL.FenceSync(SyncCondition.SyncGpuCommandsComplete, WaitSyncFlags.None);
-
-            QueueRender();
-
-            _gameBackgroundWindow.SwapBuffers();
-        }
+        internal abstract void Present(object image);
 
         internal void Start()
         {
@@ -145,132 +111,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
             IsStarted = false;
         }
 
-        public void DestroyBackgroundContext()
-        {
-            _image = 0;
-
-            if (_fence != IntPtr.Zero)
-            {
-                _glDrawOperation.Dispose();
-                GL.DeleteSync(_fence);
-            }
-
-            GlDrawOperation.DeleteFramebuffer();
-
-            GameContext?.Dispose();
-
-            _gameBackgroundWindow?.Dispose();
-        }
-
-        internal void MakeCurrent()
-        {
-            GameContext.MakeCurrent(_gameBackgroundWindow);
-        }
-
-        internal void MakeCurrent(SwappableNativeWindowBase window)
-        {
-            GameContext.MakeCurrent(window);
-        }
-
-        protected void CreateWindow()
-        {
-            var flags = OpenGLContextFlags.Compat;
-            if (DebugLevel != GraphicsDebugLevel.None)
-            {
-                flags |= OpenGLContextFlags.Debug;
-            }
-            _gameBackgroundWindow = PlatformHelper.CreateOpenGLWindow(FramebufferFormat.Default, 0, 0, 100, 100);
-            _gameBackgroundWindow.Hide();
-
-            GameContext = PlatformHelper.CreateOpenGLContext(FramebufferFormat.Default, Major, Minor, flags, shareContext: PrimaryContext);
-            GameContext.Initialize(_gameBackgroundWindow);
-        }
-
-        private class GlDrawOperation : ICustomDrawOperation
-        {
-            private static int _framebuffer;
-
-            public Rect Bounds { get; }
-
-            private readonly RendererControl _control;
-
-            public GlDrawOperation(RendererControl control)
-            {
-                _control = control;
-                Bounds = _control.Bounds;
-            }
-
-            public void Dispose() { }
-
-            public static void DeleteFramebuffer()
-            {
-                if (_framebuffer == 0)
-                {
-                    GL.DeleteFramebuffer(_framebuffer);
-                }
-
-                _framebuffer = 0;
-            }
-
-            public bool Equals(ICustomDrawOperation other)
-            {
-                return other is GlDrawOperation operation && Equals(this, operation) && operation.Bounds == Bounds;
-            }
-
-            public bool HitTest(Point p)
-            {
-                return Bounds.Contains(p);
-            }
-
-            private void CreateRenderTarget()
-            {
-                _framebuffer = GL.GenFramebuffer();
-            }
-
-            public void Render(IDrawingContextImpl context)
-            {
-                if (_control.Image == 0)
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                if (_framebuffer == 0)
-                {
-                    CreateRenderTarget();
-                }
-
-                int currentFramebuffer = GL.GetInteger(GetPName.FramebufferBinding);
-
-                var image = _control.Image;
-                var fence = _control._fence;
-
-                GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, _framebuffer);
-                GL.FramebufferTexture2D(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, FramebufferAttachment.ColorAttachment0, TextureTarget.Texture2D, image, 0);
-                GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, currentFramebuffer);
-
-                if (context is not ISkiaDrawingContextImpl skiaDrawingContextImpl)
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                var imageInfo = new SKImageInfo((int)_control.RenderSize.Width, (int)_control.RenderSize.Height, SKColorType.Rgba8888);
-                var glInfo = new GRGlFramebufferInfo((uint)_framebuffer, SKColorType.Rgba8888.ToGlSizedFormat());
-
-                GL.WaitSync(fence, WaitSyncFlags.None, ulong.MaxValue);
-
-                using var backendTexture = new GRBackendRenderTarget(imageInfo.Width, imageInfo.Height, 1, 0, glInfo);
-                using var surface = SKSurface.Create(skiaDrawingContextImpl.GrContext, backendTexture, GRSurfaceOrigin.BottomLeft, SKColorType.Rgba8888);
-
-                if (surface == null)
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                var rect = new Rect(new Point(), _control.RenderSize);
-
-                using var snapshot = surface.Snapshot();
-                skiaDrawingContextImpl.SkCanvas.DrawImage(snapshot, rect.ToSKRect(), _control.Bounds.ToSKRect(), new SKPaint());
-            }
-        }
+        public abstract void DestroyBackgroundContext();
+        internal abstract void MakeCurrent();
+        internal abstract void MakeCurrent(SwappableNativeWindowBase window);
     }
-}
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Controls/VulkanRendererControl.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+using Avalonia.Rendering.SceneGraph;
+using Avalonia.Skia;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend.Vulkan;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using SkiaSharp;
+using SPB.Windowing;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
+{
+    internal class VulkanRendererControl : RendererControl
+    {
+        private VulkanPlatformInterface _platformInterface;
+
+        public VulkanRendererControl(GraphicsDebugLevel graphicsDebugLevel) : base(graphicsDebugLevel)
+        {
+            _platformInterface = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<VulkanPlatformInterface>();
+        }
+
+        public override void DestroyBackgroundContext()
+        {
+
+        }
+
+        protected override ICustomDrawOperation CreateDrawOperation()
+        {
+            return new VulkanDrawOperation(this);
+        }
+
+        protected override void CreateWindow()
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal override void MakeCurrent()
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal override void MakeCurrent(SwappableNativeWindowBase window)
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal override void Present(object image)
+        {
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
+            {
+                Image = image;
+            }).Wait();
+
+            QueueRender();
+        }
+
+        private class VulkanDrawOperation : ICustomDrawOperation
+        {
+            public Rect Bounds { get; }
+
+            private readonly VulkanRendererControl _control;
+
+            public VulkanDrawOperation(VulkanRendererControl control)
+            {
+                _control = control;
+                Bounds = _control.Bounds;
+            }
+
+            public void Dispose()
+            {
+
+            }
+
+            public bool Equals(ICustomDrawOperation other)
+            {
+                return other is VulkanDrawOperation operation && Equals(this, operation) && operation.Bounds == Bounds;
+            }
+
+            public bool HitTest(Point p)
+            {
+                return Bounds.Contains(p);
+            }
+
+            public void Render(IDrawingContextImpl context)
+            {
+                if (_control.Image == null || _control.RenderSize.Width == 0 || _control.RenderSize.Height == 0)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var image = (PresentImageInfo)_control.Image;
+
+                if (context is not ISkiaDrawingContextImpl skiaDrawingContextImpl)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                _control._platformInterface.Device.QueueWaitIdle();
+
+                var gpu = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<VulkanSkiaGpu>();
+
+                var imageInfo = new GRVkImageInfo()
+                {
+                    CurrentQueueFamily = _control._platformInterface.PhysicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex,
+                    Format = (uint)Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm,
+                    Image = image.Image.Handle,
+                    ImageLayout = (uint)ImageLayout.ColorAttachmentOptimal,
+                    ImageTiling = (uint)ImageTiling.Optimal,
+                    ImageUsageFlags = (uint)(ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageColorAttachmentBit
+                                             | ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageTransferSrcBit
+                                             | ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageTransferDstBit),
+                    LevelCount = 1,
+                    SampleCount = 1,
+                    Protected = false,
+                    Alloc = new GRVkAlloc()
+                    {
+                        Memory = image.Memory.Handle,
+                        Flags = 0,
+                        Offset = image.MemoryOffset,
+                        Size = image.MemorySize
+                    }
+                };
+
+                using var backendTexture = new GRBackendRenderTarget(
+                    (int)_control.RenderSize.Width,
+                    (int)_control.RenderSize.Height,
+                    1,
+                    imageInfo);
+
+                using var surface = SKSurface.Create(
+                    gpu.GrContext,
+                    backendTexture,
+                    GRSurfaceOrigin.TopLeft,
+                    SKColorType.Rgba8888);
+
+                if (surface == null)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var rect = new Rect(new Point(), _control.RenderSize);
+
+                using var snapshot = surface.Snapshot();
+                skiaDrawingContextImpl.SkCanvas.DrawImage(snapshot, rect.ToSKRect(), _control.Bounds.ToSKRect(), new SKPaint());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Windows/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
         public AppHost AppHost { get; private set; }
         public InputManager InputManager { get; private set; }
 
-        public RendererControl GlRenderer { get; private set; }
+        public RendererControl RendererControl { get; private set; }
         public ContentControl ContentFrame { get; private set; }
         public TextBlock LoadStatus { get; private set; }
         public TextBlock FirmwareStatus { get; private set; }
@@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
 
             _mainViewContent = ContentFrame.Content as Control;
 
-            GlRenderer = new RendererControl(3, 3, ConfigurationState.Instance.Logger.GraphicsDebugLevel);
-            AppHost = new AppHost(GlRenderer, InputManager, path, VirtualFileSystem, ContentManager, AccountManager, _userChannelPersistence, this);
+            RendererControl = Program.UseVulkan ? new VulkanRendererControl(ConfigurationState.Instance.Logger.GraphicsDebugLevel) : new OpenGLRendererControl(3, 3, ConfigurationState.Instance.Logger.GraphicsDebugLevel);
+            AppHost = new AppHost(RendererControl, InputManager, path, VirtualFileSystem, ContentManager, AccountManager, _userChannelPersistence, this);
 
             if (!AppHost.LoadGuestApplication().Result)
             {
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
 
         private void InitializeGame()
         {
-            GlRenderer.GlInitialized += GlRenderer_Created;
+            RendererControl.RendererInitialized += GlRenderer_Created;
 
             AppHost.StatusUpdatedEvent += Update_StatusBar;
             AppHost.AppExit += AppHost_AppExit;
@@ -322,14 +322,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
 
             Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
             {
-                ContentFrame.Content = GlRenderer;
+                ContentFrame.Content = RendererControl;
 
                 if (startFullscreen && WindowState != WindowState.FullScreen)
                 {
                     ViewModel.ToggleFullscreen();
                 }
 
-                GlRenderer.Focus();
+                RendererControl.Focus();
             });
         }
 
@@ -380,8 +380,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
 
                 HandleRelaunch();
             });
-            GlRenderer.GlInitialized -= GlRenderer_Created;
-            GlRenderer = null;
+            RendererControl.RendererInitialized -= GlRenderer_Created;
+            RendererControl = null;
 
             ViewModel.SelectedIcon = null;
 
@@ -544,6 +544,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
             GraphicsConfig.MaxAnisotropy = ConfigurationState.Instance.Graphics.MaxAnisotropy;
             GraphicsConfig.ShadersDumpPath = ConfigurationState.Instance.Graphics.ShadersDumpPath;
             GraphicsConfig.EnableShaderCache = ConfigurationState.Instance.Graphics.EnableShaderCache;
+            GraphicsConfig.EnableTextureRecompression = ConfigurationState.Instance.Graphics.EnableTextureRecompression;
         }
 
         public void LoadHotKeys()

Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/GraphicsBackend.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
+{
+    public enum GraphicsBackend
+    {
+        Vulkan,
+        OpenGl
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Common/Memory/StructArrayHelpers.cs

@@ -640,4 +640,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Memory
         public ref T this[int index] => ref ToSpan()[index];
         public Span<T> ToSpan() => MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref _e0, 64);
     }
+    public struct Array73<T> : IArray<T> where T : unmanaged
+    {
+#pragma warning disable CS0169
+        T _e0;
+        Array64<T> _other;
+        Array8<T> _other2;
+#pragma warning restore CS0169
+        public int Length => 73;
+        public ref T this[int index] => ref ToSpan()[index];
+        public Span<T> ToSpan() => MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref _e0, 73);
+    }
 }

Ryujinx.Common/System/ForceDpiAware.cs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
             }
         }
 
-        public static double GetWindowScaleFactor()
+        public static double GetActualScaleFactor()
         {
             double userDpiScale = 96.0;
 
@@ -84,6 +84,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
                 Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Couldn't determine monitor DPI: {e.Message}");
             }
 
+            return userDpiScale;
+        }
+
+        public static double GetWindowScaleFactor()
+        {
+            double userDpiScale = GetActualScaleFactor();
+
             return Math.Min(userDpiScale / _standardDpiScale, _maxScaleFactor);
         }
     }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Capabilities.cs

@@ -11,11 +11,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         public readonly bool HasVectorIndexingBug;
 
         public readonly bool SupportsAstcCompression;
+        public readonly bool SupportsBc123Compression;
+        public readonly bool SupportsBc45Compression;
+        public readonly bool SupportsBc67Compression;
         public readonly bool Supports3DTextureCompression;
         public readonly bool SupportsBgraFormat;
         public readonly bool SupportsR4G4Format;
         public readonly bool SupportsFragmentShaderInterlock;
         public readonly bool SupportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel;
+        public readonly bool SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough;
         public readonly bool SupportsImageLoadFormatted;
         public readonly bool SupportsMismatchingViewFormat;
         public readonly bool SupportsNonConstantTextureOffset;
@@ -24,6 +28,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         public readonly bool SupportsViewportSwizzle;
         public readonly bool SupportsIndirectParameters;
 
+        public readonly uint MaximumUniformBuffersPerStage;
+        public readonly uint MaximumStorageBuffersPerStage;
+        public readonly uint MaximumTexturesPerStage;
+        public readonly uint MaximumImagesPerStage;
+
         public readonly int MaximumComputeSharedMemorySize;
         public readonly float MaximumSupportedAnisotropy;
         public readonly int StorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
@@ -34,11 +43,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             bool hasFrontFacingBug,
             bool hasVectorIndexingBug,
             bool supportsAstcCompression,
+            bool supportsBc123Compression,
+            bool supportsBc45Compression,
+            bool supportsBc67Compression,
             bool supports3DTextureCompression,
             bool supportsBgraFormat,
             bool supportsR4G4Format,
             bool supportsFragmentShaderInterlock,
             bool supportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel,
+            bool supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough,
             bool supportsImageLoadFormatted,
             bool supportsMismatchingViewFormat,
             bool supportsNonConstantTextureOffset,
@@ -46,6 +59,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             bool supportsTextureShadowLod,
             bool supportsViewportSwizzle,
             bool supportsIndirectParameters,
+            uint maximumUniformBuffersPerStage,
+            uint maximumStorageBuffersPerStage,
+            uint maximumTexturesPerStage,
+            uint maximumImagesPerStage,
             int maximumComputeSharedMemorySize,
             float maximumSupportedAnisotropy,
             int storageBufferOffsetAlignment)
@@ -55,11 +72,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             HasFrontFacingBug = hasFrontFacingBug;
             HasVectorIndexingBug = hasVectorIndexingBug;
             SupportsAstcCompression = supportsAstcCompression;
+            SupportsBc123Compression = supportsBc123Compression;
+            SupportsBc45Compression = supportsBc45Compression;
+            SupportsBc67Compression = supportsBc67Compression;
             Supports3DTextureCompression = supports3DTextureCompression;
             SupportsBgraFormat = supportsBgraFormat;
             SupportsR4G4Format = supportsR4G4Format;
             SupportsFragmentShaderInterlock = supportsFragmentShaderInterlock;
             SupportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel = supportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel;
+            SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough = supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough;
             SupportsImageLoadFormatted = supportsImageLoadFormatted;
             SupportsMismatchingViewFormat = supportsMismatchingViewFormat;
             SupportsNonConstantTextureOffset = supportsNonConstantTextureOffset;
@@ -67,6 +88,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             SupportsTextureShadowLod = supportsTextureShadowLod;
             SupportsViewportSwizzle = supportsViewportSwizzle;
             SupportsIndirectParameters = supportsIndirectParameters;
+            MaximumUniformBuffersPerStage = maximumUniformBuffersPerStage;
+            MaximumStorageBuffersPerStage = maximumStorageBuffersPerStage;
+            MaximumTexturesPerStage = maximumTexturesPerStage;
+            MaximumImagesPerStage = maximumImagesPerStage;
             MaximumComputeSharedMemorySize = maximumComputeSharedMemorySize;
             MaximumSupportedAnisotropy = maximumSupportedAnisotropy;
             StorageBufferOffsetAlignment = storageBufferOffsetAlignment;

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/DeviceInfo.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
+{
+    public struct DeviceInfo
+    {
+        public readonly string Id;
+        public readonly string Vendor;
+        public readonly string Name;
+        public readonly bool IsDiscrete;
+
+        public DeviceInfo(string id, string vendor, string name, bool isDiscrete)
+        {
+            Id = id;
+            Vendor = vendor;
+            Name = name;
+            IsDiscrete = isDiscrete;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Format.cs

@@ -165,6 +165,120 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 
     public static class FormatExtensions
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the texture format is valid to use as image format.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="format">Texture format</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the texture can be used as image, false otherwise</returns>
+        public static bool IsImageCompatible(this Format format)
+        {
+            switch (format)
+            {
+                case Format.R8Unorm:
+                case Format.R8Snorm:
+                case Format.R8Uint:
+                case Format.R8Sint:
+                case Format.R16Float:
+                case Format.R16Unorm:
+                case Format.R16Snorm:
+                case Format.R16Uint:
+                case Format.R16Sint:
+                case Format.R32Float:
+                case Format.R32Uint:
+                case Format.R32Sint:
+                case Format.R8G8Unorm:
+                case Format.R8G8Snorm:
+                case Format.R8G8Uint:
+                case Format.R8G8Sint:
+                case Format.R16G16Float:
+                case Format.R16G16Unorm:
+                case Format.R16G16Snorm:
+                case Format.R16G16Uint:
+                case Format.R16G16Sint:
+                case Format.R32G32Float:
+                case Format.R32G32Uint:
+                case Format.R32G32Sint:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Snorm:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Uint:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Sint:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Float:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Unorm:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Snorm:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Uint:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Sint:
+                case Format.R32G32B32A32Float:
+                case Format.R32G32B32A32Uint:
+                case Format.R32G32B32A32Sint:
+                case Format.R10G10B10A2Unorm:
+                case Format.R10G10B10A2Uint:
+                case Format.R11G11B10Float:
+                    return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the texture format is valid to use as render target color format.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="format">Texture format</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the texture can be used as render target, false otherwise</returns>
+        public static bool IsRtColorCompatible(this Format format)
+        {
+            switch (format)
+            {
+                case Format.R32G32B32A32Float:
+                case Format.R32G32B32A32Sint:
+                case Format.R32G32B32A32Uint:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Unorm:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Snorm:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Sint:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Uint:
+                case Format.R16G16B16A16Float:
+                case Format.R32G32Float:
+                case Format.R32G32Sint:
+                case Format.R32G32Uint:
+                case Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm:
+                case Format.B8G8R8A8Srgb:
+                case Format.R10G10B10A2Unorm:
+                case Format.R10G10B10A2Uint:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Srgb:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Snorm:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Sint:
+                case Format.R8G8B8A8Uint:
+                case Format.R16G16Unorm:
+                case Format.R16G16Snorm:
+                case Format.R16G16Sint:
+                case Format.R16G16Uint:
+                case Format.R16G16Float:
+                case Format.R11G11B10Float:
+                case Format.R32Sint:
+                case Format.R32Uint:
+                case Format.R32Float:
+                case Format.B5G6R5Unorm:
+                case Format.B5G5R5A1Unorm:
+                case Format.R8G8Unorm:
+                case Format.R8G8Snorm:
+                case Format.R8G8Sint:
+                case Format.R8G8Uint:
+                case Format.R16Unorm:
+                case Format.R16Snorm:
+                case Format.R16Sint:
+                case Format.R16Uint:
+                case Format.R16Float:
+                case Format.R8Unorm:
+                case Format.R8Snorm:
+                case Format.R8Sint:
+                case Format.R8Uint:
+                case Format.B5G5R5X1Unorm:
+                    return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Checks if the texture format is an ASTC format.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/HardwareInfo.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
+{
+    public struct HardwareInfo
+    {
+        public string GpuVendor { get; }
+        public string GpuModel { get; }
+
+        public HardwareInfo(string gpuVendor, string gpuModel)
+        {
+            GpuVendor = gpuVendor;
+            GpuModel = gpuModel;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/IPipeline.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
@@ -10,9 +11,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 
         void ClearBuffer(BufferHandle destination, int offset, int size, uint value);
 
-        void ClearRenderTargetColor(int index, uint componentMask, ColorF color);
+        void ClearRenderTargetColor(int index, int layer, uint componentMask, ColorF color);
 
         void ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(
+            int layer,
             float depthValue,
             bool depthMask,
             int stencilValue,
@@ -76,15 +78,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         void SetRenderTargetColorMasks(ReadOnlySpan<uint> componentMask);
         void SetRenderTargets(ITexture[] colors, ITexture depthStencil);
 
-        void SetSampler(int binding, ISampler sampler);
-
-        void SetScissor(int index, bool enable, int x, int y, int width, int height);
+        void SetScissors(ReadOnlySpan<Rectangle<int>> regions);
 
         void SetStencilTest(StencilTestDescriptor stencilTest);
 
         void SetStorageBuffers(int first, ReadOnlySpan<BufferRange> buffers);
 
-        void SetTexture(int binding, ITexture texture);
+        void SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture texture, ISampler sampler);
 
         void SetTransformFeedbackBuffers(ReadOnlySpan<BufferRange> buffers);
         void SetUniformBuffers(int first, ReadOnlySpan<BufferRange> buffers);

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/IRenderer.cs

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         ReadOnlySpan<byte> GetBufferData(BufferHandle buffer, int offset, int size);
 
         Capabilities GetCapabilities();
+        HardwareInfo GetHardwareInfo();
 
         IProgram LoadProgramBinary(byte[] programBinary, bool hasFragmentShader, ShaderInfo info);
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/IShader.cs

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
-{
-    public interface IShader : IDisposable { }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/CommandHelper.cs

@@ -199,14 +199,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
                 SetRenderTargetScaleCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<SetRenderTargetScaleCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.SetRenderTargets] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
                 SetRenderTargetsCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<SetRenderTargetsCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
-            _lookup[(int)CommandType.SetSampler] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
-                SetSamplerCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<SetSamplerCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.SetScissor] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
-                SetScissorCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<SetScissorCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
+                SetScissorsCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<SetScissorsCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.SetStencilTest] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
                 SetStencilTestCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<SetStencilTestCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
-            _lookup[(int)CommandType.SetTexture] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
-                SetTextureCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<SetTextureCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
+            _lookup[(int)CommandType.SetTextureAndSampler] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
+                SetTextureAndSamplerCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<SetTextureAndSamplerCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.SetUserClipDistance] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>
                 SetUserClipDistanceCommand.Run(ref GetCommand<SetUserClipDistanceCommand>(memory), threaded, renderer);
             _lookup[(int)CommandType.SetVertexAttribs] = (Span<byte> memory, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer) =>

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/CommandType.cs

@@ -81,10 +81,9 @@
         SetRenderTargetColorMasks,
         SetRenderTargetScale,
         SetRenderTargets,
-        SetSampler,
         SetScissor,
         SetStencilTest,
-        SetTexture,
+        SetTextureAndSampler,
         SetUserClipDistance,
         SetVertexAttribs,
         SetVertexBuffers,

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/ClearRenderTargetColorCommand.cs

@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
     {
         public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.ClearRenderTargetColor;
         private int _index;
+        private int _layer;
         private uint _componentMask;
         private ColorF _color;
 
-        public void Set(int index, uint componentMask, ColorF color)
+        public void Set(int index, int layer, uint componentMask, ColorF color)
         {
             _index = index;
+            _layer = layer;
             _componentMask = componentMask;
             _color = color;
         }
 
         public static void Run(ref ClearRenderTargetColorCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
         {
-            renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetColor(command._index, command._componentMask, command._color);
+            renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetColor(command._index, command._layer, command._componentMask, command._color);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/ClearRenderTargetDepthStencilCommand.cs

@@ -3,13 +3,15 @@
     struct ClearRenderTargetDepthStencilCommand : IGALCommand
     {
         public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil;
+        private int _layer;
         private float _depthValue;
         private bool _depthMask;
         private int _stencilValue;
         private int _stencilMask;
 
-        public void Set(float depthValue, bool depthMask, int stencilValue, int stencilMask)
+        public void Set(int layer, float depthValue, bool depthMask, int stencilValue, int stencilMask)
         {
+            _layer = layer;
             _depthValue = depthValue;
             _depthMask = depthMask;
             _stencilValue = stencilValue;
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@
 
         public static void Run(ref ClearRenderTargetDepthStencilCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
         {
-            renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(command._depthValue, command._depthMask, command._stencilValue, command._stencilMask);
+            renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(command._layer, command._depthValue, command._depthMask, command._stencilValue, command._stencilMask);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/SetSamplerCommand.cs

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands
-{
-    struct SetSamplerCommand : IGALCommand
-    {
-        public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.SetSampler;
-        private int _index;
-        private TableRef<ISampler> _sampler;
-
-        public void Set(int index, TableRef<ISampler> sampler)
-        {
-            _index = index;
-            _sampler = sampler;
-        }
-
-        public static void Run(ref SetSamplerCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
-        {
-            renderer.Pipeline.SetSampler(command._index, command._sampler.GetAs<ThreadedSampler>(threaded)?.Base);
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/SetScissorCommand.cs

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands
-{
-    struct SetScissorCommand : IGALCommand
-    {
-        public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.SetScissor;
-        private int _index;
-        private bool _enable;
-        private int _x;
-        private int _y;
-        private int _width;
-        private int _height;
-
-        public void Set(int index, bool enable, int x, int y, int width, int height)
-        {
-            _index = index;
-            _enable = enable;
-            _x = x;
-            _y = y;
-            _width = width;
-            _height = height;
-        }
-
-        public static void Run(ref SetScissorCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
-        {
-            renderer.Pipeline.SetScissor(command._index, command._enable, command._x, command._y, command._width, command._height);
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/SetScissorsCommand.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands
+{
+    struct SetScissorsCommand : IGALCommand
+    {
+        public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.SetScissor;
+        private SpanRef<Rectangle<int>> _scissors;
+
+        public void Set(SpanRef<Rectangle<int>> scissors)
+        {
+            _scissors = scissors;
+        }
+
+        public static void Run(ref SetScissorsCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
+        {
+            renderer.Pipeline.SetScissors(command._scissors.Get(threaded));
+
+            command._scissors.Dispose(threaded);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/SetTextureAndSamplerCommand.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands
+{
+    struct SetTextureAndSamplerCommand : IGALCommand
+    {
+        public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.SetTextureAndSampler;
+        private ShaderStage _stage;
+        private int _binding;
+        private TableRef<ITexture> _texture;
+        private TableRef<ISampler> _sampler;
+
+        public void Set(ShaderStage stage, int binding, TableRef<ITexture> texture, TableRef<ISampler> sampler)
+        {
+            _stage = stage;
+            _binding = binding;
+            _texture = texture;
+            _sampler = sampler;
+        }
+
+        public static void Run(ref SetTextureAndSamplerCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
+        {
+            renderer.Pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(command._stage, command._binding, command._texture.GetAs<ThreadedTexture>(threaded)?.Base, command._sampler.GetAs<ThreadedSampler>(threaded)?.Base);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/SetTextureCommand.cs

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands
-{
-    struct SetTextureCommand : IGALCommand
-    {
-        public CommandType CommandType => CommandType.SetTexture;
-        private int _binding;
-        private TableRef<ITexture> _texture;
-
-        public void Set(int binding, TableRef<ITexture> texture)
-        {
-            _binding = binding;
-            _texture = texture;
-        }
-
-        public static void Run(ref SetTextureCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
-        {
-            renderer.Pipeline.SetTexture(command._binding, command._texture.GetAs<ThreadedTexture>(threaded)?.Base);
-        }
-    }
-}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedPipeline.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 
@@ -40,15 +41,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 
-        public void ClearRenderTargetColor(int index, uint componentMask, ColorF color)
+        public void ClearRenderTargetColor(int index, int layer, uint componentMask, ColorF color)
         {
-            _renderer.New<ClearRenderTargetColorCommand>().Set(index, componentMask, color);
+            _renderer.New<ClearRenderTargetColorCommand>().Set(index, layer, componentMask, color);
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 
-        public void ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(float depthValue, bool depthMask, int stencilValue, int stencilMask)
+        public void ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(int layer, float depthValue, bool depthMask, int stencilValue, int stencilMask)
         {
-            _renderer.New<ClearRenderTargetDepthStencilCommand>().Set(depthValue, depthMask, stencilValue, stencilMask);
+            _renderer.New<ClearRenderTargetDepthStencilCommand>().Set(layer, depthValue, depthMask, stencilValue, stencilMask);
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 
@@ -244,15 +245,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 
-        public void SetSampler(int binding, ISampler sampler)
+        public void SetScissors(ReadOnlySpan<Rectangle<int>> scissors)
         {
-            _renderer.New<SetSamplerCommand>().Set(binding, Ref(sampler));
-            _renderer.QueueCommand();
-        }
-
-        public void SetScissor(int index, bool enable, int x, int y, int width, int height)
-        {
-            _renderer.New<SetScissorCommand>().Set(index, enable, x, y, width, height);
+            _renderer.New<SetScissorsCommand>().Set(_renderer.CopySpan(scissors));
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 
@@ -268,9 +263,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 
-        public void SetTexture(int binding, ITexture texture)
+        public void SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture texture, ISampler sampler)
         {
-            _renderer.New<SetTextureCommand>().Set(binding, Ref(texture));
+            _renderer.New<SetTextureAndSamplerCommand>().Set(stage, binding, Ref(texture), Ref(sampler));
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedRenderer.cs

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             renderer.ScreenCaptured += (object sender, ScreenCaptureImageInfo info) => ScreenCaptured?.Invoke(this, info);
 
             Pipeline = new ThreadedPipeline(this, renderer.Pipeline);
-            Window = new ThreadedWindow(this, renderer.Window);
+            Window = new ThreadedWindow(this, renderer);
             Buffers = new BufferMap();
             Sync = new SyncMap();
             Programs = new ProgramQueue(renderer);
@@ -262,7 +262,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
         public IProgram CreateProgram(ShaderSource[] shaders, ShaderInfo info)
         {
             var program = new ThreadedProgram(this);
+
             SourceProgramRequest request = new SourceProgramRequest(program, shaders, info);
+
             Programs.Add(request);
 
             New<CreateProgramCommand>().Set(Ref((IProgramRequest)request));
@@ -337,6 +339,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             return box.Result;
         }
 
+        public HardwareInfo GetHardwareInfo()
+        {
+            return _baseRenderer.GetHardwareInfo();
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Initialize the base renderer. Must be called on the render thread.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedWindow.cs

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
     public class ThreadedWindow : IWindow
     {
         private ThreadedRenderer _renderer;
-        private IWindow _impl;
+        private IRenderer _impl;
 
-        public ThreadedWindow(ThreadedRenderer renderer, IWindow window)
+        public ThreadedWindow(ThreadedRenderer renderer, IRenderer impl)
         {
             _renderer = renderer;
-            _impl = window;
+            _impl = impl;
         }
 
         public void Present(ITexture texture, ImageCrop crop, Action<object> swapBuffersCallback)
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
 
         public void SetSize(int width, int height)
         {
-            _impl.SetSize(width, height);
+            _impl.Window.SetSize(width, height);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ProgramPipelineState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Descriptor for a pipeline buffer binding.
+    /// </summary>
+    public struct BufferPipelineDescriptor
+    {
+        public bool Enable { get; }
+        public int Stride { get; }
+        public int Divisor { get; }
+
+        public BufferPipelineDescriptor(bool enable, int stride, int divisor)
+        {
+            Enable = enable;
+            Stride = stride;
+            Divisor = divisor;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// State required for a program to compile shaders.
+    /// </summary>
+    public struct ProgramPipelineState
+    {
+        // Some state is considered always dynamic and should not be included:
+        // - Viewports/Scissors
+        // - Bias values (not enable)
+
+        public int SamplesCount;
+        public Array8<bool> AttachmentEnable;
+        public Array8<Format> AttachmentFormats;
+        public bool DepthStencilEnable;
+        public Format DepthStencilFormat;
+
+        public bool LogicOpEnable;
+        public LogicalOp LogicOp;
+        public Array8<BlendDescriptor> BlendDescriptors;
+        public Array8<uint> ColorWriteMask;
+
+        public int VertexAttribCount;
+        public Array32<VertexAttribDescriptor> VertexAttribs;
+
+        public int VertexBufferCount;
+        public Array32<BufferPipelineDescriptor> VertexBuffers;
+
+        // TODO: Min/max depth bounds.
+        public DepthTestDescriptor DepthTest;
+        public StencilTestDescriptor StencilTest;
+        public FrontFace FrontFace;
+        public Face CullMode;
+        public bool CullEnable;
+
+        public PolygonModeMask BiasEnable;
+
+        public float LineWidth;
+        // TODO: Polygon mode.
+        public bool DepthClampEnable;
+        public bool RasterizerDiscard;
+        public PrimitiveTopology Topology;
+        public bool PrimitiveRestartEnable;
+        public uint PatchControlPoints;
+
+        public void SetVertexAttribs(ReadOnlySpan<VertexAttribDescriptor> vertexAttribs)
+        {
+            VertexAttribCount = vertexAttribs.Length;
+            vertexAttribs.CopyTo(VertexAttribs.ToSpan());
+        }
+
+        public void SetLogicOpState(bool enable, LogicalOp op)
+        {
+            LogicOp = op;
+            LogicOpEnable = enable;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Rectangle.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
+{
+    public struct Rectangle<T> where T : unmanaged
+    {
+        public T X      { get; }
+        public T Y      { get; }
+        public T Width  { get; }
+        public T Height { get; }
+
+        public Rectangle(T x, T y, T width, T height)
+        {
+            X      = x;
+            Y      = y;
+            Width  = width;
+            Height = height;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ShaderBindings.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
+{
+    public struct ShaderBindings
+    {
+        public IReadOnlyCollection<int> UniformBufferBindings { get; }
+        public IReadOnlyCollection<int> StorageBufferBindings { get; }
+        public IReadOnlyCollection<int> TextureBindings { get; }
+        public IReadOnlyCollection<int> ImageBindings { get; }
+
+        public ShaderBindings(
+            IReadOnlyCollection<int> uniformBufferBindings,
+            IReadOnlyCollection<int> storageBufferBindings,
+            IReadOnlyCollection<int> textureBindings,
+            IReadOnlyCollection<int> imageBindings)
+        {
+            UniformBufferBindings = uniformBufferBindings;
+            StorageBufferBindings = storageBufferBindings;
+            TextureBindings = textureBindings;
+            ImageBindings = imageBindings;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ShaderInfo.cs

@@ -3,10 +3,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
     public struct ShaderInfo
     {
         public int FragmentOutputMap { get; }
+        public ProgramPipelineState? State { get; }
+        public bool FromCache { get; set; }
 
-        public ShaderInfo(int fragmentOutputMap)
+        public ShaderInfo(int fragmentOutputMap, ProgramPipelineState state, bool fromCache = false)
         {
             FragmentOutputMap = fragmentOutputMap;
+            State = state;
+            FromCache = fromCache;
+        }
+
+        public ShaderInfo(int fragmentOutputMap, bool fromCache = false)
+        {
+            FragmentOutputMap = fragmentOutputMap;
+            State = null;
+            FromCache = fromCache;
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ShaderSource.cs

@@ -7,22 +7,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
     {
         public string Code { get; }
         public byte[] BinaryCode { get; }
+        public ShaderBindings Bindings { get; }
         public ShaderStage Stage { get; }
         public TargetLanguage Language { get; }
 
-        public ShaderSource(string code, byte[] binaryCode, ShaderStage stage, TargetLanguage language)
+        public ShaderSource(string code, byte[] binaryCode, ShaderBindings bindings, ShaderStage stage, TargetLanguage language)
         {
             Code = code;
             BinaryCode = binaryCode;
+            Bindings = bindings;
             Stage = stage;
             Language = language;
         }
 
-        public ShaderSource(string code, ShaderStage stage, TargetLanguage language) : this(code, null, stage, language)
+        public ShaderSource(string code, ShaderBindings bindings, ShaderStage stage, TargetLanguage language) : this(code, null, bindings, stage, language)
         {
         }
 
-        public ShaderSource(byte[] binaryCode, ShaderStage stage, TargetLanguage language) : this(null, binaryCode, stage, language)
+        public ShaderSource(byte[] binaryCode, ShaderBindings bindings, ShaderStage stage, TargetLanguage language) : this(null, binaryCode, bindings, stage, language)
         {
         }
     }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Viewport.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
     public struct Viewport
     {
-        public RectangleF Region { get; }
+        public Rectangle<float> Region { get; }
 
         public ViewportSwizzle SwizzleX { get; }
         public ViewportSwizzle SwizzleY { get; }
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         public float DepthFar  { get; }
 
         public Viewport(
-            RectangleF      region,
-            ViewportSwizzle swizzleX,
-            ViewportSwizzle swizzleY,
-            ViewportSwizzle swizzleZ,
-            ViewportSwizzle swizzleW,
-            float           depthNear,
-            float           depthFar)
+            Rectangle<float> region,
+            ViewportSwizzle  swizzleX,
+            ViewportSwizzle  swizzleY,
+            ViewportSwizzle  swizzleZ,
+            ViewportSwizzle  swizzleW,
+            float            depthNear,
+            float            depthFar)
         {
             Region    = region;
             SwizzleX  = swizzleX;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Constants.cs

@@ -40,6 +40,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
         /// </summary>
         public const int TotalTransformFeedbackBuffers = 4;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Maximum number of textures on a single shader stage.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The maximum number of textures is API limited, the hardware supports a unlimited amount.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public const int TotalTextures = 32;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Maximum number of images on a single shader stage.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The maximum number of images is API limited, the hardware supports a unlimited amount.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public const int TotalImages = 8;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Maximum number of render target color buffers.
         /// </summary>
@@ -53,7 +69,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
         /// <summary>
         /// Maximum number of vertex attributes.
         /// </summary>
-        public const int TotalVertexAttribs = 16;
+        public const int TotalVertexAttribs = 16; // FIXME: Should be 32, but OpenGL only supports 16.
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Maximum number of vertex buffers.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Compute/ComputeClass.cs

@@ -188,6 +188,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
             _channel.BufferManager.SetComputeStorageBufferBindings(info.SBuffers);
             _channel.BufferManager.SetComputeUniformBufferBindings(info.CBuffers);
 
+            int maxTextureBinding = -1;
+            int maxImageBinding = -1;
+
             TextureBindingInfo[] textureBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentComputeTextureBindings(info.Textures.Count);
 
             for (int index = 0; index < info.Textures.Count; index++)
@@ -202,6 +205,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
                     descriptor.CbufSlot,
                     descriptor.HandleIndex,
                     descriptor.Flags);
+
+                if (descriptor.Binding > maxTextureBinding)
+                {
+                    maxTextureBinding = descriptor.Binding;
+                }
             }
 
             TextureBindingInfo[] imageBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentComputeImageBindings(info.Images.Count);
@@ -220,9 +228,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
                     descriptor.CbufSlot,
                     descriptor.HandleIndex,
                     descriptor.Flags);
+
+                if (descriptor.Binding > maxImageBinding)
+                {
+                    maxImageBinding = descriptor.Binding;
+                }
             }
 
-            _channel.TextureManager.CommitComputeBindings();
+            _channel.TextureManager.SetComputeMaxBindings(maxTextureBinding, maxImageBinding);
+
+            // Should never return false for mismatching spec state, since the shader was fetched above.
+            _channel.TextureManager.CommitComputeBindings(cs.SpecializationState); 
+            
             _channel.BufferManager.CommitComputeBindings();
 
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.DispatchCompute(qmd.CtaRasterWidth, qmd.CtaRasterHeight, qmd.CtaRasterDepth);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/DrawManager.cs

@@ -505,8 +505,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             }
 
             int index = (argument >> 6) & 0xf;
+            int layer = (argument >> 10) & 0x3ff;
 
-            engine.UpdateRenderTargetState(useControl: false, singleUse: index);
+            engine.UpdateRenderTargetState(useControl: false, layered: layer != 0, singleUse: index);
 
             // If there is a mismatch on the host clip region and the one explicitly defined by the guest
             // on the screen scissor state, then we need to force only one texture to be bound to avoid
@@ -558,7 +559,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     scissorH = (int)MathF.Ceiling(scissorH * scale);
                 }
 
-                _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetScissor(0, true, scissorX, scissorY, scissorW, scissorH);
+                Span<Rectangle<int>> scissors = stackalloc Rectangle<int>[1];
+                scissors[0] = new Rectangle<int>(scissorX, scissorY, scissorW, scissorH);
+
+                _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetScissors(scissors);
             }
 
             if (clipMismatch)
@@ -581,7 +585,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
                 ColorF color = new ColorF(clearColor.Red, clearColor.Green, clearColor.Blue, clearColor.Alpha);
 
-                _context.Renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetColor(index, componentMask, color);
+                _context.Renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetColor(index, layer, componentMask, color);
             }
 
             if (clearDepth || clearStencil)
@@ -602,6 +606,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 }
 
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(
+                    layer,
                     depthValue,
                     clearDepth,
                     stencilValue,

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/StateUpdater.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
@@ -15,11 +16,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
     /// </summary>
     class StateUpdater
     {
-        public const int ShaderStateIndex = 0;
-        public const int RasterizerStateIndex = 1;
-        public const int ScissorStateIndex = 2;
-        public const int VertexBufferStateIndex = 3;
-        public const int PrimitiveRestartStateIndex = 4;
+        public const int ShaderStateIndex = 16;
+        public const int RasterizerStateIndex = 15;
+        public const int ScissorStateIndex = 18;
+        public const int VertexBufferStateIndex = 0;
+        public const int PrimitiveRestartStateIndex = 12;
 
         private readonly GpuContext _context;
         private readonly GpuChannel _channel;
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         private readonly ShaderProgramInfo[] _currentProgramInfo;
         private ShaderSpecializationState _shaderSpecState;
 
+        private ProgramPipelineState _pipeline;
+
         private bool _vtgWritesRtLayer;
         private byte _vsClipDistancesWritten;
 
@@ -54,7 +57,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             _drawState = drawState;
             _currentProgramInfo = new ShaderProgramInfo[Constants.ShaderStages];
 
-            // ShaderState must be the first, as other state updates depends on information from the currently bound shader.
+            // ShaderState must be updated after other state updates, as pipeline state is sent to the backend when compiling new shaders.
+            // Render target state must appear after shader state as it depends on information from the currently bound shader.
             // Rasterizer and scissor states are checked by render target clear, their indexes
             // must be updated on the constants "RasterizerStateIndex" and "ScissorStateIndex" if modified.
             // The vertex buffer state may be forced dirty when a indexed draw starts, the "VertexBufferStateIndex"
@@ -62,53 +66,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             // The order of the other state updates doesn't matter.
             _updateTracker = new StateUpdateTracker<ThreedClassState>(new[]
             {
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateShaderState,
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ShaderBaseAddress),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ShaderState)),
-
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateRasterizerState, nameof(ThreedClassState.RasterizeEnable)),
-
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateScissorState,
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ScissorState),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ScreenScissorState)),
-
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateVertexBufferState,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.VertexBufferDrawState),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.VertexBufferInstanced),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.VertexBufferState),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.VertexBufferEndAddress)),
 
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdatePrimitiveRestartState,
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.PrimitiveRestartState)),
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateVertexAttribState, nameof(ThreedClassState.VertexAttribState)),
 
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateTessellationState,
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.TessOuterLevel),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.TessInnerLevel),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.PatchVertices)),
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateBlendState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.BlendIndependent),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.BlendConstant),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.BlendStateCommon),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.BlendEnableCommon),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.BlendEnable),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.BlendState)),
 
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateTfBufferState, nameof(ThreedClassState.TfBufferState)),
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateUserClipState, nameof(ThreedClassState.ClipDistanceEnable)),
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateFaceState, nameof(ThreedClassState.FaceState)),
 
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateRenderTargetState,
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtColorState),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtDepthStencilState),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtControl),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtDepthStencilSize),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtDepthStencilEnable)),
-
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateDepthClampState, nameof(ThreedClassState.ViewVolumeClipControl)),
-
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateAlphaTestState,
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.AlphaTestEnable),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.AlphaTestRef),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.AlphaTestFunc)),
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateStencilTestState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.StencilBackMasks),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.StencilTestState),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.StencilBackTestState)),
 
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateDepthTestState,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.DepthTestEnable),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.DepthWriteEnable),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.DepthTestFunc)),
 
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateTessellationState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.TessOuterLevel),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.TessInnerLevel),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.PatchVertices)),
+
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateViewportTransform,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.DepthMode),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.ViewportTransform),
@@ -116,6 +106,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.YControl),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.ViewportTransformEnable)),
 
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateLogicOpState, nameof(ThreedClassState.LogicOpState)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateDepthClampState, nameof(ThreedClassState.ViewVolumeClipControl)),
+
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdatePolygonMode,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.PolygonModeFront),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.PolygonModeBack)),
@@ -126,21 +120,46 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.DepthBiasUnits),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.DepthBiasClamp)),
 
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateStencilTestState,
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.StencilBackMasks),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.StencilTestState),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.StencilBackTestState)),
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdatePrimitiveRestartState, nameof(ThreedClassState.PrimitiveRestartState)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateLineState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.LineWidthSmooth),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.LineSmoothEnable)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateRtColorMask,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtColorMaskShared),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtColorMask)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateRasterizerState, nameof(ThreedClassState.RasterizeEnable)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateShaderState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ShaderBaseAddress),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ShaderState)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateRenderTargetState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtColorState),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtDepthStencilState),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtControl),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtDepthStencilSize),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtDepthStencilEnable)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateScissorState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ScissorState),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.ScreenScissorState)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateTfBufferState, nameof(ThreedClassState.TfBufferState)),
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateUserClipState, nameof(ThreedClassState.ClipDistanceEnable)),
+
+                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateAlphaTestState,
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.AlphaTestEnable),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.AlphaTestRef),
+                    nameof(ThreedClassState.AlphaTestFunc)),
 
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateSamplerPoolState,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.SamplerPoolState),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.SamplerIndex)),
 
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateTexturePoolState, nameof(ThreedClassState.TexturePoolState)),
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateVertexAttribState, nameof(ThreedClassState.VertexAttribState)),
-
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateLineState,
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.LineWidthSmooth),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.LineSmoothEnable)),
 
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdatePointState,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.PointSize),
@@ -151,22 +170,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateIndexBufferState,
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.IndexBufferState),
                     nameof(ThreedClassState.IndexBufferCount)),
-
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateFaceState, nameof(ThreedClassState.FaceState)),
-
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateRtColorMask,
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtColorMaskShared),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.RtColorMask)),
-
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateBlendState,
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.BlendIndependent),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.BlendConstant),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.BlendStateCommon),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.BlendEnableCommon),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.BlendEnable),
-                    nameof(ThreedClassState.BlendState)),
-
-                new StateUpdateCallbackEntry(UpdateLogicOpState, nameof(ThreedClassState.LogicOpState))
             });
         }
 
@@ -201,7 +204,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             // of the shader for the new state.
             if (_shaderSpecState != null)
             {
-                if (!_shaderSpecState.MatchesGraphics(_channel, GetPoolState(), GetGraphicsState()))
+                if (!_shaderSpecState.MatchesGraphics(_channel, GetPoolState(), GetGraphicsState(), false))
                 {
                     ForceShaderUpdate();
                 }
@@ -275,7 +278,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         {
             UpdateStorageBuffers();
 
-            _channel.TextureManager.CommitGraphicsBindings();
+            if (!_channel.TextureManager.CommitGraphicsBindings(_shaderSpecState))
+            {
+                // Shader must be reloaded.
+                UpdateShaderState();
+            }
+
             _channel.BufferManager.CommitGraphicsBindings();
         }
 
@@ -315,6 +323,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         private void UpdateTessellationState()
         {
+            _pipeline.PatchControlPoints = (uint)_state.State.PatchVertices;
+
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetPatchParameters(
                 _state.State.PatchVertices,
                 _state.State.TessOuterLevel.ToSpan(),
@@ -347,6 +357,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         private void UpdateRasterizerState()
         {
             bool enable = _state.State.RasterizeEnable;
+            _pipeline.RasterizerDiscard = !enable;
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetRasterizerDiscard(!enable);
         }
 
@@ -362,8 +373,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// Updates render targets (color and depth-stencil buffers) based on current render target state.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="useControl">Use draw buffers information from render target control register</param>
+        /// <param name="layered">Indicates if the texture is layered</param>
         /// <param name="singleUse">If this is not -1, it indicates that only the given indexed target will be used.</param>
-        public void UpdateRenderTargetState(bool useControl, int singleUse = -1)
+        public void UpdateRenderTargetState(bool useControl, bool layered = false, int singleUse = -1)
         {
             var memoryManager = _channel.MemoryManager;
             var rtControl = _state.State.RtControl;
@@ -399,7 +411,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 Image.Texture color = memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
                     memoryManager,
                     colorState,
-                    _vtgWritesRtLayer,
+                    _vtgWritesRtLayer || layered,
                     samplesInX,
                     samplesInY,
                     sizeHint);
@@ -433,6 +445,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     memoryManager,
                     dsState,
                     dsSize,
+                    _vtgWritesRtLayer || layered,
                     samplesInX,
                     samplesInY,
                     sizeHint);
@@ -486,11 +499,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         public void UpdateScissorState()
         {
+            const int MinX = 0;
+            const int MinY = 0;
+            const int MaxW = 0xffff;
+            const int MaxH = 0xffff;
+
+            Span<Rectangle<int>> regions = stackalloc Rectangle<int>[Constants.TotalViewports];
+
             for (int index = 0; index < Constants.TotalViewports; index++)
             {
                 ScissorState scissor = _state.State.ScissorState[index];
 
-                bool enable = scissor.Enable && (scissor.X1 != 0 || scissor.Y1 != 0 || scissor.X2 != 0xffff || scissor.Y2 != 0xffff);
+                bool enable = scissor.Enable && (scissor.X1 != MinX ||
+                                                 scissor.Y1 != MinY ||
+                                                 scissor.X2 != MaxW ||
+                                                 scissor.Y2 != MaxH);
 
                 if (enable)
                 {
@@ -520,13 +543,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                         height = (int)MathF.Ceiling(height * scale);
                     }
 
-                    _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetScissor(index, true, x, y, width, height);
+                    regions[index] = new Rectangle<int>(x, y, width, height);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetScissor(index, false, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+                    regions[index] = new Rectangle<int>(MinX, MinY, MaxW, MaxH);
                 }
             }
+
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetScissors(regions);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -536,7 +561,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         private void UpdateDepthClampState()
         {
             ViewVolumeClipControl clip = _state.State.ViewVolumeClipControl;
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetDepthClamp((clip & ViewVolumeClipControl.DepthClampDisabled) == 0);
+            bool clamp = (clip & ViewVolumeClipControl.DepthClampDisabled) == 0;
+
+            _pipeline.DepthClampEnable = clamp;
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetDepthClamp(clamp);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -555,10 +583,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         private void UpdateDepthTestState()
         {
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetDepthTest(new DepthTestDescriptor(
+            DepthTestDescriptor descriptor = new DepthTestDescriptor(
                 _state.State.DepthTestEnable,
                 _state.State.DepthWriteEnable,
-                _state.State.DepthTestFunc));
+                _state.State.DepthTestFunc);
+
+            _pipeline.DepthTest = descriptor;
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetDepthTest(descriptor);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -585,7 +616,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     ref var scissor = ref _state.State.ScreenScissorState;
 
                     float rScale = _channel.TextureManager.RenderTargetScale;
-                    var scissorRect = new RectangleF(0, 0, (scissor.X + scissor.Width) * rScale, (scissor.Y + scissor.Height) * rScale);
+                    var scissorRect = new Rectangle<float>(0, 0, (scissor.X + scissor.Width) * rScale, (scissor.Y + scissor.Height) * rScale);
 
                     viewports[index] = new Viewport(scissorRect, ViewportSwizzle.PositiveX, ViewportSwizzle.PositiveY, ViewportSwizzle.PositiveZ, ViewportSwizzle.PositiveW, 0, 1);
                     continue;
@@ -622,7 +653,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     height *= scale;
                 }
 
-                RectangleF region = new RectangleF(x, y, width, height);
+                Rectangle<float> region = new Rectangle<float>(x, y, width, height);
 
                 ViewportSwizzle swizzleX = transform.UnpackSwizzleX();
                 ViewportSwizzle swizzleY = transform.UnpackSwizzleY();
@@ -642,6 +673,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 viewports[index] = new Viewport(region, swizzleX, swizzleY, swizzleZ, swizzleW, depthNear, depthFar);
             }
 
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetDepthMode(GetDepthMode());
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetViewports(0, viewports, disableTransform);
         }
 
@@ -650,37 +682,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         private void UpdateDepthMode()
         {
-            ref var transform = ref _state.State.ViewportTransform[0];
-            ref var extents = ref _state.State.ViewportExtents[0];
-
-            DepthMode depthMode;
-
-            if (!float.IsInfinity(extents.DepthNear) &&
-                !float.IsInfinity(extents.DepthFar) &&
-                (extents.DepthFar - extents.DepthNear) != 0)
-            {
-                // Try to guess the depth mode being used on the high level API
-                // based on current transform.
-                // It is setup like so by said APIs:
-                // If depth mode is ZeroToOne:
-                //  TranslateZ = Near
-                //  ScaleZ = Far - Near
-                // If depth mode is MinusOneToOne:
-                //  TranslateZ = (Near + Far) / 2
-                //  ScaleZ = (Far - Near) / 2
-                // DepthNear/Far are sorted such as that Near is always less than Far.
-                depthMode = extents.DepthNear != transform.TranslateZ &&
-                            extents.DepthFar  != transform.TranslateZ
-                    ? DepthMode.MinusOneToOne
-                    : DepthMode.ZeroToOne;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // If we can't guess from the viewport transform, then just use the depth mode register.
-                depthMode = (DepthMode)(_state.State.DepthMode & 1);
-            }
-
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetDepthMode(depthMode);
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetDepthMode(GetDepthMode());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -708,6 +710,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             enables |= (depthBias.LineEnable ? PolygonModeMask.Line : 0);
             enables |= (depthBias.FillEnable ? PolygonModeMask.Fill : 0);
 
+            _pipeline.BiasEnable = enables;
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetDepthBias(enables, factor, units / 2f, clamp);
         }
 
@@ -749,7 +752,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 backMask = test.FrontMask;
             }
 
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetStencilTest(new StencilTestDescriptor(
+            StencilTestDescriptor descriptor = new StencilTestDescriptor(
                 test.Enable,
                 test.FrontFunc,
                 test.FrontSFail,
@@ -764,7 +767,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 backDpFail,
                 backFuncRef,
                 backFuncMask,
-                backMask));
+                backMask);
+
+            _pipeline.StencilTest = descriptor;
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetStencilTest(descriptor);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -833,6 +839,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     format);
             }
 
+            _pipeline.SetVertexAttribs(vertexAttribs);
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetVertexAttribs(vertexAttribs);
         }
 
@@ -844,6 +851,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             float width = _state.State.LineWidthSmooth;
             bool smooth = _state.State.LineSmoothEnable;
 
+            _pipeline.LineWidth = width;
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetLineParameters(width, smooth);
         }
 
@@ -870,6 +878,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             PrimitiveRestartState primitiveRestart = _state.State.PrimitiveRestartState;
             bool enable = primitiveRestart.Enable && (_drawState.DrawIndexed || _state.State.PrimitiveRestartDrawArrays);
 
+            _pipeline.PrimitiveRestartEnable = enable;
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetPrimitiveRestart(enable, primitiveRestart.Index);
         }
 
@@ -916,6 +925,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
                 if (!vertexBuffer.UnpackEnable())
                 {
+                    _pipeline.VertexBuffers[index] = new BufferPipelineDescriptor(false, 0, 0);
                     _channel.BufferManager.SetVertexBuffer(index, 0, 0, 0, 0);
 
                     continue;
@@ -933,6 +943,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
                 _drawState.IsAnyVbInstanced |= divisor != 0;
 
+                ulong vbSize = endAddress.Pack() - address + 1;
                 ulong size;
 
                 if (_drawState.IbStreamer.HasInlineIndexData || _drawState.DrawIndexed || stride == 0 || instanced)
@@ -940,7 +951,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     // This size may be (much) larger than the real vertex buffer size.
                     // Avoid calculating it this way, unless we don't have any other option.
 
-                    size = endAddress.Pack() - address + 1;
+                    size = vbSize;
 
                     if (stride > 0 && indexTypeSmall && _drawState.DrawIndexed && !instanced)
                     {
@@ -964,9 +975,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
                     var drawState = _state.State.VertexBufferDrawState;
 
-                    size = (ulong)((firstInstance + drawState.First + drawState.Count) * stride);
+                    size = Math.Min(vbSize, (ulong)((firstInstance + drawState.First + drawState.Count) * stride));
                 }
 
+                _pipeline.VertexBuffers[index] = new BufferPipelineDescriptor(_channel.MemoryManager.IsMapped(address), stride, divisor);
                 _channel.BufferManager.SetVertexBuffer(index, address, size, stride, divisor);
             }
         }
@@ -979,6 +991,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             var yControl = _state.State.YControl;
             var face = _state.State.FaceState;
 
+            _pipeline.CullEnable = face.CullEnable;
+            _pipeline.CullMode = face.CullFace;
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetFaceCulling(face.CullEnable, face.CullFace);
 
             UpdateFrontFace(yControl, face.FrontFace);
@@ -998,6 +1012,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 frontFace = frontFace == FrontFace.CounterClockwise ? FrontFace.Clockwise : FrontFace.CounterClockwise;
             }
 
+            _pipeline.FrontFace = frontFace;
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetFrontFace(frontFace);
         }
 
@@ -1023,6 +1038,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 componentMask |= (colorMask.UnpackAlpha() ? 8u : 0u);
 
                 componentMasks[index] = componentMask;
+                _pipeline.ColorWriteMask[index] = componentMask;
             }
 
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetRenderTargetColorMasks(componentMasks);
@@ -1071,6 +1087,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                         blend.AlphaDstFactor);
                 }
 
+                _pipeline.BlendDescriptors[index] = descriptor;
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetBlendState(index, descriptor);
             }
         }
@@ -1082,6 +1099,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         {
             LogicalOpState logicOpState = _state.State.LogicOpState;
 
+            _pipeline.SetLogicOpState(logicOpState.Enable, logicOpState.LogicalOp);
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetLogicOpState(logicOpState.Enable, logicOpState.LogicalOp);
         }
 
@@ -1113,7 +1131,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             GpuChannelPoolState poolState = GetPoolState();
             GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState = GetGraphicsState();
 
-            CachedShaderProgram gs = shaderCache.GetGraphicsShader(ref _state.State, _channel, poolState, graphicsState, addresses);
+            CachedShaderProgram gs = shaderCache.GetGraphicsShader(ref _state.State, ref _pipeline, _channel, poolState, graphicsState, addresses);
 
             _shaderSpecState = gs.SpecializationState;
 
@@ -1148,6 +1166,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 return;
             }
 
+            int maxTextureBinding = -1;
+            int maxImageBinding = -1;
+
             Span<TextureBindingInfo> textureBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsTextureBindings(stage, info.Textures.Count);
 
             if (info.UsesRtLayer)
@@ -1167,6 +1188,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     descriptor.CbufSlot,
                     descriptor.HandleIndex,
                     descriptor.Flags);
+
+                if (descriptor.Binding > maxTextureBinding)
+                {
+                    maxTextureBinding = descriptor.Binding;
+                }
             }
 
             TextureBindingInfo[] imageBindings = _channel.TextureManager.RentGraphicsImageBindings(stage, info.Images.Count);
@@ -1185,8 +1211,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     descriptor.CbufSlot,
                     descriptor.HandleIndex,
                     descriptor.Flags);
+
+                if (descriptor.Binding > maxImageBinding)
+                {
+                    maxImageBinding = descriptor.Binding;
+                }
             }
 
+            _channel.TextureManager.SetGraphicsMaxBindings(maxTextureBinding, maxImageBinding);
+
             _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsStorageBufferBindings(stage, info.SBuffers);
             _channel.BufferManager.SetGraphicsUniformBufferBindings(stage, info.CBuffers);
         }
@@ -1205,11 +1238,67 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// <returns>Current GPU channel state</returns>
         private GpuChannelGraphicsState GetGraphicsState()
         {
+            ref var vertexAttribState = ref _state.State.VertexAttribState;
+
+            Array32<AttributeType> attributeTypes = new Array32<AttributeType>();
+
+            for (int location = 0; location < attributeTypes.Length; location++)
+            {
+                attributeTypes[location] = vertexAttribState[location].UnpackType() switch
+                {
+                    3 => AttributeType.Sint,
+                    4 => AttributeType.Uint,
+                    _ => AttributeType.Float
+                };
+            }
+
             return new GpuChannelGraphicsState(
                 _state.State.EarlyZForce,
                 _drawState.Topology,
                 _state.State.TessMode,
-                _state.State.ViewportTransformEnable == 0);
+                _state.State.ViewportTransformEnable == 0,
+                GetDepthMode() == DepthMode.MinusOneToOne,
+                _state.State.VertexProgramPointSize,
+                _state.State.PointSize,
+                _state.State.AlphaTestEnable,
+                _state.State.AlphaTestFunc,
+                _state.State.AlphaTestRef,
+                ref attributeTypes);
+        }
+
+        private DepthMode GetDepthMode()
+        {
+            ref var transform = ref _state.State.ViewportTransform[0];
+            ref var extents = ref _state.State.ViewportExtents[0];
+
+            DepthMode depthMode;
+
+            if (!float.IsInfinity(extents.DepthNear) &&
+                !float.IsInfinity(extents.DepthFar) &&
+                (extents.DepthFar - extents.DepthNear) != 0)
+            {
+                // Try to guess the depth mode being used on the high level API
+                // based on current transform.
+                // It is setup like so by said APIs:
+                // If depth mode is ZeroToOne:
+                //  TranslateZ = Near
+                //  ScaleZ = Far - Near
+                // If depth mode is MinusOneToOne:
+                //  TranslateZ = (Near + Far) / 2
+                //  ScaleZ = (Far - Near) / 2
+                // DepthNear/Far are sorted such as that Near is always less than Far.
+                depthMode = extents.DepthNear != transform.TranslateZ &&
+                            extents.DepthFar  != transform.TranslateZ
+                    ? DepthMode.MinusOneToOne
+                    : DepthMode.ZeroToOne;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // If we can't guess from the viewport transform, then just use the depth mode register.
+                depthMode = (DepthMode)(_state.State.DepthMode & 1);
+            }
+
+            return depthMode;
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ThreedClass.cs

@@ -131,10 +131,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// Updates render targets (color and depth-stencil buffers) based on current render target state.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="useControl">Use draw buffers information from render target control register</param>
+        /// <param name="layered">Indicates if the texture is layered</param>
         /// <param name="singleUse">If this is not -1, it indicates that only the given indexed target will be used.</param>
-        public void UpdateRenderTargetState(bool useControl, int singleUse = -1)
+        public void UpdateRenderTargetState(bool useControl, bool layered = false, int singleUse = -1)
         {
-            _stateUpdater.UpdateRenderTargetState(useControl, singleUse);
+            _stateUpdater.UpdateRenderTargetState(useControl, layered, singleUse);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ThreedClassState.cs

@@ -311,6 +311,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         {
             return Attribute & 0x3fe00000;
         }
+
+         /// <summary>
+        /// Unpacks the Maxwell attribute component type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Attribute component type</returns>
+        public uint UnpackType()
+        {
+            return (Attribute >> 27) & 7;
+        }
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -759,8 +768,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         public fixed uint Reserved10B0[18];
         public uint ClearFlags;
         public fixed uint Reserved10FC[25];
-        public Array16<VertexAttribState> VertexAttribState;
-        public fixed uint Reserved11A0[31];
+        public Array32<VertexAttribState> VertexAttribState;
+        public fixed uint Reserved11E0[15];
         public RtControl RtControl;
         public fixed uint Reserved1220[2];
         public Size3D RtDepthStencilSize;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/GraphicsConfig.cs

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Enables or disables fast 2d engine texture copies entirely on CPU when possible.
-        /// Reduces stuttering and # of textures in games that copy textures around for streaming, 
-        /// as textures will not need to be created for the copy, and the data does not need to be 
+        /// Reduces stuttering and # of textures in games that copy textures around for streaming,
+        /// as textures will not need to be created for the copy, and the data does not need to be
         /// flushed from GPU.
         /// </summary>
         public static bool Fast2DCopy = true;
@@ -56,5 +56,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
         /// Enables or disables the shader cache.
         /// </summary>
         public static bool EnableShaderCache;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Enables or disables shader SPIR-V compilation.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool EnableSpirvCompilationOnVulkan = true;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Enables or disables recompression of compressed textures that are not natively supported by the host.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool EnableTextureRecompression = false;
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Pool.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.Tracking;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 {
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         protected GpuContext Context;
         protected PhysicalMemory PhysicalMemory;
         protected int SequenceNumber;
+        protected int ModifiedSequenceNumber;
 
         protected T1[] Items;
         protected T2[] DescriptorCache;
@@ -41,6 +43,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         private readonly CpuMultiRegionHandle _memoryTracking;
         private readonly Action<ulong, ulong> _modifiedDelegate;
 
+        private int _modifiedSequenceOffset;
+        private bool _modified;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the GPU resource pool.
         /// </summary>
@@ -79,6 +84,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return PhysicalMemory.Read<T2>(Address + (ulong)id * DescriptorSize);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a reference to the descriptor for a given ID.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="id">ID of the descriptor. This is effectively a zero-based index</param>
+        /// <returns>A reference to the descriptor</returns>
+        public ref readonly T2 GetDescriptorRef(int id)
+        {
+            return ref MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, T2>(PhysicalMemory.GetSpan(Address + (ulong)id * DescriptorSize, DescriptorSize))[0];
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the GPU resource with the given ID.
         /// </summary>
@@ -93,7 +108,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         public void SynchronizeMemory()
         {
+            _modified = false;
             _memoryTracking.QueryModified(_modifiedDelegate);
+
+            if (_modified)
+            {
+                UpdateModifiedSequence();
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -103,6 +124,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="mSize">Size of the modified region</param>
         private void RegionModified(ulong mAddress, ulong mSize)
         {
+            _modified = true;
+
             if (mAddress < Address)
             {
                 mAddress = Address;
@@ -118,6 +141,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             InvalidateRangeImpl(mAddress, mSize);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the modified sequence number using the current sequence number and offset,
+        /// indicating that it has been modified.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected void UpdateModifiedSequence()
+        {
+            ModifiedSequenceNumber = SequenceNumber + _modifiedSequenceOffset;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// An action to be performed when a precise memory access occurs to this resource.
         /// Makes sure that the dirty flags are checked.
@@ -129,6 +161,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         {
             if (write && Context.SequenceNumber == SequenceNumber)
             {
+                if (ModifiedSequenceNumber == SequenceNumber + _modifiedSequenceOffset)
+                {
+                    // The modified sequence number is offset when PreciseActions occur so that
+                    // users checking it will see an increment and know the pool has changed since
+                    // their last look, even though the main SequenceNumber has not been changed.
+
+                    _modifiedSequenceOffset++;
+                }
+
+                // Force the pool to be checked again the next time it is used.
                 SequenceNumber--;
             }
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Sampler.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     /// </summary>
     class Sampler : IDisposable
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// True if the sampler is disposed, false otherwise.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsDisposed { get; private set; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Host sampler object.
         /// </summary>
@@ -101,6 +106,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         public void Dispose()
         {
+            IsDisposed = true;
+
             _hostSampler.Dispose();
             _anisoSampler?.Dispose();
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/SamplerPool.cs

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                             Items[i] = null;
                         }
                     }
+
+                    UpdateModifiedSequence();
                 }
 
                 SequenceNumber = Context.SequenceNumber;
@@ -71,6 +73,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return sampler;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the pool was modified, and returns the last sequence number where a modification was detected.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A number that increments each time a modification is detected</returns>
+        public int CheckModified()
+        {
+            if (SequenceNumber != Context.SequenceNumber)
+            {
+                SequenceNumber = Context.SequenceNumber;
+
+                if (_forcedAnisotropy != GraphicsConfig.MaxAnisotropy)
+                {
+                    _forcedAnisotropy = GraphicsConfig.MaxAnisotropy;
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < Items.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        if (Items[i] != null)
+                        {
+                            Items[i].Dispose();
+
+                            Items[i] = null;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    UpdateModifiedSequence();
+                }
+
+                SynchronizeMemory();
+            }
+
+            return ModifiedSequenceNumber;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Implementation of the sampler pool range invalidation.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Texture.cs

@@ -100,6 +100,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         public bool AlwaysFlushOnOverlap { get; private set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Increments when the host texture is swapped, or when the texture is removed from all pools.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int InvalidatedSequence { get; private set; }
+
         private int _depth;
         private int _layers;
         public int FirstLayer { get; private set; }
@@ -821,20 +826,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     depth,
                     levels,
                     layers,
-                    out Span<byte> decoded))
+                    out byte[] decoded))
                 {
                     string texInfo = $"{Info.Target} {Info.FormatInfo.Format} {Info.Width}x{Info.Height}x{Info.DepthOrLayers} levels {Info.Levels}";
 
                     Logger.Debug?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Invalid ASTC texture at 0x{Info.GpuAddress:X} ({texInfo}).");
                 }
 
+                if (GraphicsConfig.EnableTextureRecompression)
+                {
+                    decoded = BCnEncoder.EncodeBC7(decoded, width, height, depth, levels, layers);
+                }
+
                 data = decoded;
             }
             else if (!_context.Capabilities.SupportsR4G4Format && Format == Format.R4G4Unorm)
             {
                 data = PixelConverter.ConvertR4G4ToR4G4B4A4(data);
             }
-            else if (!_context.Capabilities.Supports3DTextureCompression && Target == Target.Texture3D)
+            else if (!TextureCompatibility.HostSupportsBcFormat(Format, Target, _context.Capabilities))
             {
                 switch (Format)
                 {
@@ -858,6 +868,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     case Format.Bc5Unorm:
                         data = BCnDecoder.DecodeBC5(data, width, height, depth, levels, layers, Format == Format.Bc5Snorm);
                         break;
+                    case Format.Bc6HSfloat:
+                    case Format.Bc6HUfloat:
+                        data = BCnDecoder.DecodeBC6(data, width, height, depth, levels, layers, Format == Format.Bc6HSfloat);
+                        break;
+                    case Format.Bc7Srgb:
+                    case Format.Bc7Unorm:
+                        data = BCnDecoder.DecodeBC7(data, width, height, depth, levels, layers);
+                        break;
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1211,16 +1229,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             if (_arrayViewTexture == null && IsSameDimensionsTarget(target))
             {
+                FormatInfo formatInfo = TextureCompatibility.ToHostCompatibleFormat(Info, _context.Capabilities);
+
                 TextureCreateInfo createInfo = new TextureCreateInfo(
                     Info.Width,
                     Info.Height,
                     target == Target.CubemapArray ? 6 : 1,
                     Info.Levels,
                     Info.Samples,
-                    Info.FormatInfo.BlockWidth,
-                    Info.FormatInfo.BlockHeight,
-                    Info.FormatInfo.BytesPerPixel,
-                    Info.FormatInfo.Format,
+                    formatInfo.BlockWidth,
+                    formatInfo.BlockHeight,
+                    formatInfo.BytesPerPixel,
+                    formatInfo.Format,
                     Info.DepthStencilMode,
                     target,
                     Info.SwizzleR,
@@ -1407,6 +1427,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             DisposeTextures();
 
             HostTexture = hostTexture;
+            InvalidatedSequence++;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -1535,6 +1556,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 _poolOwners.Clear();
             }
+
+            InvalidatedSequence++;
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureBindingsManager.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 {
@@ -31,21 +35,30 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         private readonly TextureBindingInfo[][] _textureBindings;
         private readonly TextureBindingInfo[][] _imageBindings;
 
-        private struct TextureStatePerStage
+        private struct TextureState
         {
             public ITexture Texture;
             public ISampler Sampler;
+
+            public int TextureHandle;
+            public int SamplerHandle;
+            public int InvalidatedSequence;
+            public Texture CachedTexture;
+            public Sampler CachedSampler;
+            public int ScaleIndex;
+            public TextureUsageFlags UsageFlags;
         }
 
-        private readonly TextureStatePerStage[][] _textureState;
-        private readonly TextureStatePerStage[][] _imageState;
+        private TextureState[] _textureState;
+        private TextureState[] _imageState;
 
         private int[] _textureBindingsCount;
         private int[] _imageBindingsCount;
 
-        private int _textureBufferIndex;
+        private int _texturePoolSequence;
+        private int _samplerPoolSequence;
 
-        private bool _rebind;
+        private int _textureBufferIndex;
 
         private readonly float[] _scales;
         private bool _scaleChanged;
@@ -72,8 +85,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _textureBindings = new TextureBindingInfo[stages][];
             _imageBindings   = new TextureBindingInfo[stages][];
 
-            _textureState = new TextureStatePerStage[stages][];
-            _imageState   = new TextureStatePerStage[stages][];
+            _textureState = new TextureState[InitialTextureStateSize];
+            _imageState   = new TextureState[InitialImageStateSize];
 
             _textureBindingsCount = new int[stages];
             _imageBindingsCount = new int[stages];
@@ -82,9 +95,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 _textureBindings[stage] = new TextureBindingInfo[InitialTextureStateSize];
                 _imageBindings[stage] = new TextureBindingInfo[InitialImageStateSize];
-
-                _textureState[stage] = new TextureStatePerStage[InitialTextureStateSize];
-                _imageState[stage] = new TextureStatePerStage[InitialImageStateSize];
             }
         }
 
@@ -99,15 +109,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             if (count > _textureBindings[stage].Length)
             {
                 Array.Resize(ref _textureBindings[stage], count);
-                Array.Resize(ref _textureState[stage], count);
-            }
-
-            int toClear = Math.Max(_textureBindingsCount[stage], count);
-            TextureStatePerStage[] state = _textureState[stage];
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < toClear; i++)
-            {
-                state[i] = new TextureStatePerStage();
             }
 
             _textureBindingsCount[stage] = count;
@@ -126,15 +127,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             if (count > _imageBindings[stage].Length)
             {
                 Array.Resize(ref _imageBindings[stage], count);
-                Array.Resize(ref _imageState[stage], count);
-            }
-
-            int toClear = Math.Max(_imageBindingsCount[stage], count);
-            TextureStatePerStage[] state = _imageState[stage];
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < toClear; i++)
-            {
-                state[i] = new TextureStatePerStage();
             }
 
             _imageBindingsCount[stage] = count;
@@ -142,6 +134,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return _imageBindings[stage];
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the max binding indexes for textures and images.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="maxTextureBinding">The maximum texture binding</param>
+        /// <param name="maxImageBinding">The maximum image binding</param>
+        public void SetMaxBindings(int maxTextureBinding, int maxImageBinding)
+        {
+            if (maxTextureBinding >= _textureState.Length)
+            {
+                Array.Resize(ref _textureState, maxTextureBinding + 1);
+            }
+
+            if (maxImageBinding >= _imageState.Length)
+            {
+                Array.Resize(ref _imageState, maxImageBinding + 1);
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Sets the textures constant buffer index.
         /// The constant buffer specified holds the texture handles.
@@ -222,18 +232,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// Updates the texture scale for a given texture or image.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="texture">Start GPU virtual address of the pool</param>
-        /// <param name="binding">The related texture binding</param>
+        /// <param name="usageFlags">The related texture usage flags</param>
         /// <param name="index">The texture/image binding index</param>
         /// <param name="stage">The active shader stage</param>
         /// <returns>True if the given texture has become blacklisted, indicating that its host texture may have changed.</returns>
-        private bool UpdateScale(Texture texture, TextureBindingInfo binding, int index, ShaderStage stage)
+        private bool UpdateScale(Texture texture, TextureUsageFlags usageFlags, int index, ShaderStage stage)
         {
             float result = 1f;
             bool changed = false;
 
-            if ((binding.Flags & TextureUsageFlags.NeedsScaleValue) != 0 && texture != null)
+            if ((usageFlags & TextureUsageFlags.NeedsScaleValue) != 0 && texture != null)
             {
-                if ((binding.Flags & TextureUsageFlags.ResScaleUnsupported) != 0)
+                if ((usageFlags & TextureUsageFlags.ResScaleUnsupported) != 0)
                 {
                     changed = texture.ScaleMode != TextureScaleMode.Blacklisted;
                     texture.BlacklistScale();
@@ -284,6 +294,35 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return changed;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines if the vertex stage requires a scale value.
+        /// </summary>
+        private bool VertexRequiresScale()
+        {
+            bool requiresScale = false;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < _textureBindingsCount[0]; i++)
+            {
+                if ((_textureBindings[0][i].Flags & TextureUsageFlags.NeedsScaleValue) != 0)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!requiresScale)
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < _imageBindingsCount[0]; i++)
+                {
+                    if ((_imageBindings[0][i].Flags & TextureUsageFlags.NeedsScaleValue) != 0)
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Uploads texture and image scales to the backend when they are used.
         /// </summary>
@@ -295,10 +334,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             int fragmentIndex = (int)ShaderStage.Fragment - 1;
             int fragmentTotal = _isCompute ? 0 : (_textureBindingsCount[fragmentIndex] + _imageBindingsCount[fragmentIndex]);
 
-            if (total != 0 && fragmentTotal != _lastFragmentTotal)
+            if (total != 0 && fragmentTotal != _lastFragmentTotal && VertexRequiresScale())
             {
                 // Must update scales in the support buffer if:
-                // - Vertex stage has bindings.
+                // - Vertex stage has bindings that require scale.
                 // - Fragment stage binding count has been updated since last render scale update.
 
                 _scaleChanged = true;
@@ -323,7 +362,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// Ensures that the bindings are visible to the host GPU.
         /// Note: this actually performs the binding using the host graphics API.
         /// </summary>
-        public void CommitBindings()
+        /// <param name="specState">Specialization state for the bound shader</param>
+        /// <returns>True if all bound textures match the current shader specialiation state, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool CommitBindings(ShaderSpecializationState specState)
         {
             ulong texturePoolAddress = _texturePoolAddress;
 
@@ -331,10 +372,38 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 ? _texturePoolCache.FindOrCreate(_channel, texturePoolAddress, _texturePoolMaximumId)
                 : null;
 
+            // Check if the texture pool has been modified since bindings were last committed.
+            // If it wasn't, then it's possible to avoid looking up textures again when the handle remains the same.
+            bool poolModified = false;
+
+            if (texturePool != null)
+            {
+                int texturePoolSequence = texturePool.CheckModified();
+
+                if (_texturePoolSequence != texturePoolSequence)
+                {
+                    poolModified = true;
+                    _texturePoolSequence = texturePoolSequence;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (_samplerPool != null)
+            {
+                int samplerPoolSequence = _samplerPool.CheckModified();
+
+                if (_samplerPoolSequence != samplerPoolSequence)
+                {
+                    poolModified = true;
+                    _samplerPoolSequence = samplerPoolSequence;
+                }
+            }
+
+            bool specStateMatches = true;
+
             if (_isCompute)
             {
-                CommitTextureBindings(texturePool, ShaderStage.Compute, 0);
-                CommitImageBindings  (texturePool, ShaderStage.Compute, 0);
+                specStateMatches &= CommitTextureBindings(texturePool, ShaderStage.Compute, 0, poolModified, specState);
+                specStateMatches &= CommitImageBindings(texturePool, ShaderStage.Compute, 0, poolModified, specState);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -342,14 +411,76 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 {
                     int stageIndex = (int)stage - 1;
 
-                    CommitTextureBindings(texturePool, stage, stageIndex);
-                    CommitImageBindings  (texturePool, stage, stageIndex);
+                    specStateMatches &= CommitTextureBindings(texturePool, stage, stageIndex, poolModified, specState);
+                    specStateMatches &= CommitImageBindings(texturePool, stage, stageIndex, poolModified, specState);
                 }
             }
 
             CommitRenderScale();
 
-            _rebind = false;
+            return specStateMatches;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fetch the constant buffers used for a texture to cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stageIndex">Stage index of the constant buffer</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedTextureBufferIndex">The currently cached texture buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedSamplerBufferIndex">The currently cached sampler buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedTextureBuffer">The currently cached texture buffer data</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedSamplerBuffer">The currently cached sampler buffer data</param>
+        /// <param name="textureBufferIndex">The new texture buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="samplerBufferIndex">The new sampler buffer index</param>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private void UpdateCachedBuffer(
+            int stageIndex,
+            ref int cachedTextureBufferIndex,
+            ref int cachedSamplerBufferIndex,
+            ref ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedTextureBuffer,
+            ref ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedSamplerBuffer,
+            int textureBufferIndex,
+            int samplerBufferIndex)
+        {
+            if (textureBufferIndex != cachedTextureBufferIndex)
+            {
+                ref BufferBounds bounds = ref _channel.BufferManager.GetUniformBufferBounds(_isCompute, stageIndex, textureBufferIndex);
+
+                cachedTextureBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(_channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Address, (int)bounds.Size));
+                cachedTextureBufferIndex = textureBufferIndex;
+
+                if (samplerBufferIndex == textureBufferIndex)
+                {
+                    cachedSamplerBuffer = cachedTextureBuffer;
+                    cachedSamplerBufferIndex = samplerBufferIndex;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (samplerBufferIndex != cachedSamplerBufferIndex)
+            {
+                ref BufferBounds bounds = ref _channel.BufferManager.GetUniformBufferBounds(_isCompute, stageIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
+
+                cachedSamplerBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(_channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Address, (int)bounds.Size));
+                cachedSamplerBufferIndex = samplerBufferIndex;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Counts the total number of texture bindings used by all shader stages.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The total amount of textures used</returns>
+        private int GetTextureBindingsCount()
+        {
+            int count = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < _textureBindings.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (_textureBindings[i] != null)
+                {
+                    count += _textureBindings[i].Length;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return count;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -358,13 +489,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="pool">The current texture pool</param>
         /// <param name="stage">The shader stage using the textures to be bound</param>
-        /// <param name="stageIndex">The stage number of the specified shader stage</param>
-        private void CommitTextureBindings(TexturePool pool, ShaderStage stage, int stageIndex)
+        /// <param name="stageIndex">The stage number of the specified shader stage</param
+        /// <param name="poolModified">True if either the texture or sampler pool was modified, false otherwise</param>
+        /// <param name="specState">Specialization state for the bound shader</param>
+        /// <returns>True if all bound textures match the current shader specialiation state, false otherwise</returns>
+        private bool CommitTextureBindings(TexturePool pool, ShaderStage stage, int stageIndex, bool poolModified, ShaderSpecializationState specState)
         {
             int textureCount = _textureBindingsCount[stageIndex];
             if (textureCount == 0)
             {
-                return;
+                return true;
             }
 
             var samplerPool = _samplerPool;
@@ -372,17 +506,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             if (pool == null)
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Shader stage \"{stage}\" uses textures, but texture pool was not set.");
-                return;
+                return true;
             }
 
+            bool specStateMatches = true;
+
+            int cachedTextureBufferIndex = -1;
+            int cachedSamplerBufferIndex = -1;
+            ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedTextureBuffer = Span<int>.Empty;
+            ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedSamplerBuffer = Span<int>.Empty;
+
             for (int index = 0; index < textureCount; index++)
             {
                 TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo = _textureBindings[stageIndex][index];
+                TextureUsageFlags usageFlags = bindingInfo.Flags;
 
                 (int textureBufferIndex, int samplerBufferIndex) = TextureHandle.UnpackSlots(bindingInfo.CbufSlot, _textureBufferIndex);
 
-                int packedId = ReadPackedId(stageIndex, bindingInfo.Handle, textureBufferIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
-                int textureId = UnpackTextureId(packedId);
+                UpdateCachedBuffer(stageIndex, ref cachedTextureBufferIndex, ref cachedSamplerBufferIndex, ref cachedTextureBuffer, ref cachedSamplerBuffer, textureBufferIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
+
+                int packedId = TextureHandle.ReadPackedId(bindingInfo.Handle, cachedTextureBuffer, cachedSamplerBuffer);
+                int textureId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
                 int samplerId;
 
                 if (_samplerIndex == SamplerIndex.ViaHeaderIndex)
@@ -391,46 +535,80 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    samplerId = UnpackSamplerId(packedId);
+                    samplerId = TextureHandle.UnpackSamplerId(packedId);
                 }
 
-                Texture texture = pool.Get(textureId);
+                ref TextureState state = ref _textureState[bindingInfo.Binding];
+
+                if (!poolModified &&
+                    state.TextureHandle == textureId &&
+                    state.SamplerHandle == samplerId &&
+                    state.CachedTexture != null &&
+                    state.CachedTexture.InvalidatedSequence == state.InvalidatedSequence &&
+                    state.CachedSampler?.IsDisposed != true)
+                {
+                    // The texture is already bound.
+                    state.CachedTexture.SynchronizeMemory();
+
+                    if ((state.ScaleIndex != index || state.UsageFlags != usageFlags) &&
+                        UpdateScale(state.CachedTexture, usageFlags, index, stage))
+                    {
+                        ITexture hostTextureRebind = state.CachedTexture.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
+
+                        state.Texture = hostTextureRebind;
+                        state.ScaleIndex = index;
+                        state.UsageFlags = usageFlags;
+
+                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(stage, bindingInfo.Binding, hostTextureRebind, state.Sampler);
+                    }
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                state.TextureHandle = textureId;
+                state.SamplerHandle = samplerId;
+
+                ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref pool.GetForBinding(textureId, out Texture texture);
+
+                specStateMatches &= specState.MatchesTexture(stage, index, descriptor);
+
+                Sampler sampler = _samplerPool?.Get(samplerId);
 
                 ITexture hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
+                ISampler hostSampler = sampler?.GetHostSampler(texture);
 
                 if (hostTexture != null && texture.Target == Target.TextureBuffer)
                 {
                     // Ensure that the buffer texture is using the correct buffer as storage.
                     // Buffers are frequently re-created to accomodate larger data, so we need to re-bind
                     // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(hostTexture, texture.Range.GetSubRange(0).Address, texture.Size, bindingInfo, bindingInfo.Format, false);
+                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, texture.Range.GetSubRange(0).Address, texture.Size, bindingInfo, bindingInfo.Format, false);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (_textureState[stageIndex][index].Texture != hostTexture || _rebind)
+                    if (state.Texture != hostTexture || state.Sampler != hostSampler)
                     {
-                        if (UpdateScale(texture, bindingInfo, index, stage))
+                        if (UpdateScale(texture, usageFlags, index, stage))
                         {
                             hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
                         }
 
-                        _textureState[stageIndex][index].Texture = hostTexture;
+                        state.Texture = hostTexture;
+                        state.ScaleIndex = index;
+                        state.UsageFlags = usageFlags;
 
-                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetTexture(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTexture);
+                        state.Sampler = hostSampler;
+
+                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(stage, bindingInfo.Binding, hostTexture, hostSampler);
                     }
 
-                    Sampler sampler = samplerPool?.Get(samplerId);
-
-                    ISampler hostSampler = sampler?.GetHostSampler(texture);
-
-                    if (_textureState[stageIndex][index].Sampler != hostSampler || _rebind)
-                    {
-                        _textureState[stageIndex][index].Sampler = hostSampler;
-
-                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetSampler(bindingInfo.Binding, hostSampler);
-                    }
+                    state.CachedTexture = texture;
+                    state.CachedSampler = sampler;
+                    state.InvalidatedSequence = texture?.InvalidatedSequence ?? 0;
                 }
             }
+
+            return specStateMatches;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -440,38 +618,90 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="pool">The current texture pool</param>
         /// <param name="stage">The shader stage using the textures to be bound</param>
         /// <param name="stageIndex">The stage number of the specified shader stage</param>
-        private void CommitImageBindings(TexturePool pool, ShaderStage stage, int stageIndex)
+        /// <param name="poolModified">True if either the texture or sampler pool was modified, false otherwise</param>
+        /// <param name="specState">Specialization state for the bound shader</param>
+        /// <returns>True if all bound images match the current shader specialiation state, false otherwise</returns>
+        private bool CommitImageBindings(TexturePool pool, ShaderStage stage, int stageIndex, bool poolModified, ShaderSpecializationState specState)
         {
             int imageCount = _imageBindingsCount[stageIndex];
             if (imageCount == 0)
             {
-                return;
+                return true;
             }
 
             if (pool == null)
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Shader stage \"{stage}\" uses images, but texture pool was not set.");
-                return;
+                return true;
             }
 
             // Scales for images appear after the texture ones.
             int baseScaleIndex = _textureBindingsCount[stageIndex];
 
+            int cachedTextureBufferIndex = -1;
+            int cachedSamplerBufferIndex = -1;
+            ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedTextureBuffer = Span<int>.Empty;
+            ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedSamplerBuffer = Span<int>.Empty;
+
+            bool specStateMatches = true;
+
             for (int index = 0; index < imageCount; index++)
             {
                 TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo = _imageBindings[stageIndex][index];
+                TextureUsageFlags usageFlags = bindingInfo.Flags;
+                int scaleIndex = baseScaleIndex + index;
 
                 (int textureBufferIndex, int samplerBufferIndex) = TextureHandle.UnpackSlots(bindingInfo.CbufSlot, _textureBufferIndex);
 
-                int packedId = ReadPackedId(stageIndex, bindingInfo.Handle, textureBufferIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
-                int textureId = UnpackTextureId(packedId);
+                UpdateCachedBuffer(stageIndex, ref cachedTextureBufferIndex, ref cachedSamplerBufferIndex, ref cachedTextureBuffer, ref cachedSamplerBuffer, textureBufferIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
 
-                Texture texture = pool.Get(textureId);
+                int packedId = TextureHandle.ReadPackedId(bindingInfo.Handle, cachedTextureBuffer, cachedSamplerBuffer);
+                int textureId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
 
-                ITexture hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
+                ref TextureState state = ref _imageState[bindingInfo.Binding];
 
                 bool isStore = bindingInfo.Flags.HasFlag(TextureUsageFlags.ImageStore);
 
+                if (!poolModified &&
+                    state.TextureHandle == textureId &&
+                    state.CachedTexture != null &&
+                    state.CachedTexture.InvalidatedSequence == state.InvalidatedSequence)
+                {
+                    Texture cachedTexture = state.CachedTexture;
+
+                    // The texture is already bound.
+                    cachedTexture.SynchronizeMemory();
+
+                    if (isStore)
+                    {
+                        cachedTexture?.SignalModified();
+                    }
+
+                    if ((state.ScaleIndex != index || state.UsageFlags != usageFlags) &&
+                        UpdateScale(state.CachedTexture, usageFlags, scaleIndex, stage))
+                    {
+                        ITexture hostTextureRebind = state.CachedTexture.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
+
+                        Format format = bindingInfo.Format == 0 ? cachedTexture.Format : bindingInfo.Format;
+
+                        state.Texture = hostTextureRebind;
+                        state.ScaleIndex = scaleIndex;
+                        state.UsageFlags = usageFlags;
+
+                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTextureRebind, format);
+                    }
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                state.TextureHandle = textureId;
+
+                ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref pool.GetForBinding(textureId, out Texture texture);
+
+                specStateMatches &= specState.MatchesImage(stage, index, descriptor);
+
+                ITexture hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
+
                 if (hostTexture != null && texture.Target == Target.TextureBuffer)
                 {
                     // Ensure that the buffer texture is using the correct buffer as storage.
@@ -485,7 +715,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         format = texture.Format;
                     }
 
-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(hostTexture, texture.Range.GetSubRange(0).Address, texture.Size, bindingInfo, format, true);
+                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, texture.Range.GetSubRange(0).Address, texture.Size, bindingInfo, format, true);
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -494,14 +724,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         texture?.SignalModified();
                     }
 
-                    if (_imageState[stageIndex][index].Texture != hostTexture || _rebind)
+                    if (state.Texture != hostTexture)
                     {
-                        if (UpdateScale(texture, bindingInfo, baseScaleIndex + index, stage))
+                        if (UpdateScale(texture, usageFlags, scaleIndex, stage))
                         {
                             hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
                         }
 
-                        _imageState[stageIndex][index].Texture = hostTexture;
+                        state.Texture = hostTexture;
+                        state.ScaleIndex = scaleIndex;
+                        state.UsageFlags = usageFlags;
 
                         Format format = bindingInfo.Format;
 
@@ -512,8 +744,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                         _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(bindingInfo.Binding, hostTexture, format);
                     }
+
+                    state.CachedTexture = texture;
+                    state.InvalidatedSequence = texture?.InvalidatedSequence ?? 0;
                 }
             }
+
+            return specStateMatches;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -537,7 +774,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             (int textureBufferIndex, int samplerBufferIndex) = TextureHandle.UnpackSlots(cbufSlot, bufferIndex);
 
             int packedId = ReadPackedId(stageIndex, handle, textureBufferIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
-            int textureId = UnpackTextureId(packedId);
+            int textureId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
 
             ulong poolAddress = _channel.MemoryManager.Translate(poolGpuVa);
 
@@ -555,6 +792,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="textureBufferIndex">Index of the constant buffer holding the texture handles</param>
         /// <param name="samplerBufferIndex">Index of the constant buffer holding the sampler handles</param>
         /// <returns>The packed texture and sampler ID (the real texture handle)</returns>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
         private int ReadPackedId(int stageIndex, int wordOffset, int textureBufferIndex, int samplerBufferIndex)
         {
             (int textureWordOffset, int samplerWordOffset, TextureHandleType handleType) = TextureHandle.UnpackOffsets(wordOffset);
@@ -590,32 +828,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return handle;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Unpacks the texture ID from the real texture handle.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="packedId">The real texture handle</param>
-        /// <returns>The texture ID</returns>
-        private static int UnpackTextureId(int packedId)
-        {
-            return (packedId >> 0) & 0xfffff;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Unpacks the sampler ID from the real texture handle.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="packedId">The real texture handle</param>
-        /// <returns>The sampler ID</returns>
-        private static int UnpackSamplerId(int packedId)
-        {
-            return (packedId >> 20) & 0xfff;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Force all bound textures and images to be rebound the next time CommitBindings is called.
         /// </summary>
         public void Rebind()
         {
-            _rebind = true;
+            Array.Clear(_textureState);
+            Array.Clear(_imageState);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCache.cs

@@ -349,6 +349,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager where the texture is mapped</param>
         /// <param name="dsState">Depth-stencil buffer texture to find or create</param>
         /// <param name="size">Size of the depth-stencil texture</param>
+        /// <param name="layered">Indicates if the texture might be accessed with a non-zero layer index</param>
         /// <param name="samplesInX">Number of samples in the X direction, for MSAA</param>
         /// <param name="samplesInY">Number of samples in the Y direction, for MSAA</param>
         /// <param name="sizeHint">A hint indicating the minimum used size for the texture</param>
@@ -357,6 +358,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             MemoryManager memoryManager,
             RtDepthStencilState dsState,
             Size3D size,
+            bool layered,
             int samplesInX,
             int samplesInY,
             Size sizeHint)
@@ -364,9 +366,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             int gobBlocksInY = dsState.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInY();
             int gobBlocksInZ = dsState.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInZ();
 
-            Target target = (samplesInX | samplesInY) != 1
-                ? Target.Texture2DMultisample
-                : Target.Texture2D;
+            Target target;
+
+            if (dsState.MemoryLayout.UnpackIsTarget3D())
+            {
+                target = Target.Texture3D;
+            }
+            else if ((samplesInX | samplesInY) != 1)
+            {
+                target = size.Depth > 1 && layered
+                    ? Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray
+                    : Target.Texture2DMultisample;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                target = size.Depth > 1 && layered
+                    ? Target.Texture2DArray
+                    : Target.Texture2D;
+            }
 
             FormatInfo formatInfo = dsState.Format.Convert();
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCompatibility.cs

@@ -71,11 +71,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 if (info.FormatInfo.Format.IsAstcUnorm())
                 {
-                    return new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm, 1, 1, 4, 4);
+                    return GraphicsConfig.EnableTextureRecompression
+                        ? new FormatInfo(Format.Bc7Unorm, 4, 4, 16, 4)
+                        : new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm, 1, 1, 4, 4);
                 }
                 else if (info.FormatInfo.Format.IsAstcSrgb())
                 {
-                    return new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Srgb, 1, 1, 4, 4);
+                    return GraphicsConfig.EnableTextureRecompression
+                        ? new FormatInfo(Format.Bc7Srgb, 4, 4, 16, 4)
+                        : new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Srgb, 1, 1, 4, 4);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -84,9 +88,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 return new FormatInfo(Format.R4G4B4A4Unorm, 1, 1, 2, 4);
             }
 
-            if (!caps.Supports3DTextureCompression && info.Target == Target.Texture3D)
+            if (!HostSupportsBcFormat(info.FormatInfo.Format, info.Target, caps))
             {
-                // The host API does not support 3D compressed formats.
+                // The host API does not this compressed format.
                 // We assume software decompression will be done for those textures,
                 // and so we adjust the format here to match the decompressor output.
                 switch (info.FormatInfo.Format)
@@ -94,10 +98,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     case Format.Bc1RgbaSrgb:
                     case Format.Bc2Srgb:
                     case Format.Bc3Srgb:
+                    case Format.Bc7Srgb:
                         return new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Srgb, 1, 1, 4, 4);
                     case Format.Bc1RgbaUnorm:
                     case Format.Bc2Unorm:
                     case Format.Bc3Unorm:
+                    case Format.Bc7Unorm:
                         return new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm, 1, 1, 4, 4);
                     case Format.Bc4Unorm:
                         return new FormatInfo(Format.R8Unorm, 1, 1, 1, 1);
@@ -107,12 +113,50 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         return new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8Unorm, 1, 1, 2, 2);
                     case Format.Bc5Snorm:
                         return new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8Snorm, 1, 1, 2, 2);
+                    case Format.Bc6HSfloat:
+                    case Format.Bc6HUfloat:
+                        return new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16B16A16Float, 1, 1, 8, 4);
                 }
             }
 
             return info.FormatInfo;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the host API supports a given texture compression format of the BC family.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="format">BC format to be checked</param>
+        /// <param name="target">Target usage of the texture</param>
+        /// <param name="caps">Host GPU Capabilities</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the texture host supports the format with the given target usage, false otherwise</returns>
+        public static bool HostSupportsBcFormat(Format format, Target target, Capabilities caps)
+        {
+            bool not3DOr3DCompressionSupported = target != Target.Texture3D || caps.Supports3DTextureCompression;
+
+            switch (format)
+            {
+                case Format.Bc1RgbaSrgb:
+                case Format.Bc1RgbaUnorm:
+                case Format.Bc2Srgb:
+                case Format.Bc2Unorm:
+                case Format.Bc3Srgb:
+                case Format.Bc3Unorm:
+                    return caps.SupportsBc123Compression && not3DOr3DCompressionSupported;
+                case Format.Bc4Unorm:
+                case Format.Bc4Snorm:
+                case Format.Bc5Unorm:
+                case Format.Bc5Snorm:
+                    return caps.SupportsBc45Compression && not3DOr3DCompressionSupported;
+                case Format.Bc6HSfloat:
+                case Format.Bc6HUfloat:
+                case Format.Bc7Srgb:
+                case Format.Bc7Unorm:
+                    return caps.SupportsBc67Compression && not3DOr3DCompressionSupported;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Determines whether a texture can flush its data back to guest memory.
         /// </summary>
@@ -744,7 +788,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <returns>True if the texture target and samples count matches, false otherwise</returns>
         public static bool TargetAndSamplesCompatible(TextureInfo lhs, TextureInfo rhs)
         {
-            return lhs.Target     == rhs.Target &&
+            return lhs.Target == rhs.Target &&
                    lhs.SamplesInX == rhs.SamplesInX &&
                    lhs.SamplesInY == rhs.SamplesInY;
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureManager.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader;
 using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
@@ -10,9 +11,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     class TextureManager : IDisposable
     {
         private readonly GpuContext _context;
+        private readonly GpuChannel _channel;
 
         private readonly TextureBindingsManager _cpBindingsManager;
         private readonly TextureBindingsManager _gpBindingsManager;
+        private readonly TexturePoolCache _texturePoolCache;
 
         private readonly Texture[] _rtColors;
         private readonly ITexture[] _rtHostColors;
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         public TextureManager(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel)
         {
             _context = context;
+            _channel = channel;
 
             TexturePoolCache texturePoolCache = new TexturePoolCache(context);
 
@@ -43,6 +47,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             _cpBindingsManager = new TextureBindingsManager(context, channel, texturePoolCache, scales, isCompute: true);
             _gpBindingsManager = new TextureBindingsManager(context, channel, texturePoolCache, scales, isCompute: false);
+            _texturePoolCache = texturePoolCache;
 
             _rtColors = new Texture[Constants.TotalRenderTargets];
             _rtHostColors = new ITexture[Constants.TotalRenderTargets];
@@ -99,6 +104,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _cpBindingsManager.SetTextureBufferIndex(index);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the max binding indexes on the compute pipeline.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="maxTextureBinding">The maximum texture binding</param>
+        /// <param name="maxImageBinding">The maximum image binding</param>
+        public void SetComputeMaxBindings(int maxTextureBinding, int maxImageBinding)
+        {
+            _cpBindingsManager.SetMaxBindings(maxTextureBinding, maxImageBinding);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Sets the texture constant buffer index on the graphics pipeline.
         /// </summary>
@@ -108,6 +123,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _gpBindingsManager.SetTextureBufferIndex(index);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the max binding indexes on the graphics pipeline.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="maxTextureBinding">The maximum texture binding</param>
+        /// <param name="maxImageBinding">The maximum image binding</param>
+        public void SetGraphicsMaxBindings(int maxTextureBinding, int maxImageBinding)
+        {
+            _gpBindingsManager.SetMaxBindings(maxTextureBinding, maxImageBinding);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Sets the current sampler pool on the compute pipeline.
         /// </summary>
@@ -335,25 +360,48 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <summary>
         /// Commits bindings on the compute pipeline.
         /// </summary>
-        public void CommitComputeBindings()
+        /// <param name="specState">Specialization state for the bound shader</param>
+        /// <returns>True if all bound textures match the current shader specialization state, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool CommitComputeBindings(ShaderSpecializationState specState)
         {
             // Every time we switch between graphics and compute work,
             // we must rebind everything.
             // Since compute work happens less often, we always do that
             // before and after the compute dispatch.
             _cpBindingsManager.Rebind();
-            _cpBindingsManager.CommitBindings();
+            bool result = _cpBindingsManager.CommitBindings(specState);
             _gpBindingsManager.Rebind();
+
+            return result;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Commits bindings on the graphics pipeline.
         /// </summary>
-        public void CommitGraphicsBindings()
+        /// <param name="specState">Specialization state for the bound shader</param>
+        /// <returns>True if all bound textures match the current shader specialization state, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool CommitGraphicsBindings(ShaderSpecializationState specState)
         {
-            _gpBindingsManager.CommitBindings();
+            bool result = _gpBindingsManager.CommitBindings(specState);
 
             UpdateRenderTargets();
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a texture pool from the cache, with the given address and maximum id.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="poolGpuVa">GPU virtual address of the texture pool</param>
+        /// <param name="maximumId">Maximum ID of the texture pool</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture pool</returns>
+        public TexturePool GetTexturePool(ulong poolGpuVa, int maximumId)
+        {
+            ulong poolAddress = _channel.MemoryManager.Translate(poolGpuVa);
+
+            TexturePool texturePool = _texturePoolCache.FindOrCreate(_channel, poolAddress, maximumId);
+
+            return texturePool;
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TexturePool.cs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     {
         private readonly GpuChannel _channel;
         private readonly ConcurrentQueue<Texture> _dereferenceQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<Texture>();
+        private TextureDescriptor _defaultDescriptor;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Intrusive linked list node used on the texture pool cache.
@@ -32,6 +33,62 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _channel = channel;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the texture descripor and texture with the given ID with no bounds check or synchronization.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="id">ID of the texture. This is effectively a zero-based index</param>
+        /// <param name="texture">The texture with the given ID</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture descriptor with the given ID</returns>
+        private ref readonly TextureDescriptor GetInternal(int id, out Texture texture)
+        {
+            texture = Items[id];
+
+            ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref GetDescriptorRef(id);
+
+            if (texture == null)
+            {
+                TextureInfo info = GetInfo(descriptor, out int layerSize);
+
+                ProcessDereferenceQueue();
+
+                texture = PhysicalMemory.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(_channel.MemoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler, info, layerSize);
+
+                // If this happens, then the texture address is invalid, we can't add it to the cache.
+                if (texture == null)
+                {
+                    return ref descriptor;
+                }
+
+                texture.IncrementReferenceCount(this, id);
+
+                Items[id] = texture;
+
+                DescriptorCache[id] = descriptor;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (texture.ChangedSize)
+                {
+                    // Texture changed size at one point - it may be a different size than the sampler expects.
+                    // This can be triggered when the size is changed by a size hint on copy or draw, but the texture has been sampled before.
+
+                    int baseLevel = descriptor.UnpackBaseLevel();
+                    int width = Math.Max(1, descriptor.UnpackWidth() >> baseLevel);
+                    int height = Math.Max(1, descriptor.UnpackHeight() >> baseLevel);
+
+                    if (texture.Info.Width != width || texture.Info.Height != height)
+                    {
+                        texture.ChangeSize(width, height, texture.Info.DepthOrLayers);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Memory is automatically synchronized on texture creation.
+                texture.SynchronizeMemory();
+            }
+
+            return ref descriptor;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the texture with the given ID.
         /// </summary>
@@ -51,56 +108,49 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 SynchronizeMemory();
             }
 
-            Texture texture = Items[id];
-
-            if (texture == null)
-            {
-                TextureDescriptor descriptor = GetDescriptor(id);
-
-                TextureInfo info = GetInfo(descriptor, out int layerSize);
-
-                ProcessDereferenceQueue();
-
-                texture = PhysicalMemory.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(_channel.MemoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler, info, layerSize);
-
-                // If this happens, then the texture address is invalid, we can't add it to the cache.
-                if (texture == null)
-                {
-                    return null;
-                }
-
-                texture.IncrementReferenceCount(this, id);
-
-                Items[id] = texture;
-
-                DescriptorCache[id] = descriptor;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (texture.ChangedSize)
-                {
-                    // Texture changed size at one point - it may be a different size than the sampler expects.
-                    // This can be triggered when the size is changed by a size hint on copy or draw, but the texture has been sampled before.
-
-                    TextureDescriptor descriptor = GetDescriptor(id);
-
-                    int baseLevel = descriptor.UnpackBaseLevel();
-                    int width = Math.Max(1, descriptor.UnpackWidth() >> baseLevel);
-                    int height = Math.Max(1, descriptor.UnpackHeight() >> baseLevel);
-
-                    if (texture.Info.Width != width || texture.Info.Height != height)
-                    {
-                        texture.ChangeSize(width, height, texture.Info.DepthOrLayers);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Memory is automatically synchronized on texture creation.
-                texture.SynchronizeMemory();
-            }
+            GetInternal(id, out Texture texture);
 
             return texture;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the texture descriptor and texture with the given ID.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method assumes that the pool has been manually synchronized before doing binding.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="id">ID of the texture. This is effectively a zero-based index</param>
+        /// <param name="texture">The texture with the given ID</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture descriptor with the given ID</returns>
+        public ref readonly TextureDescriptor GetForBinding(int id, out Texture texture)
+        {
+            if ((uint)id >= Items.Length)
+            {
+                texture = null;
+                return ref _defaultDescriptor;
+            }
+
+            // When getting for binding, assume the pool has already been synchronized.
+
+            return ref GetInternal(id, out texture);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the pool was modified, and returns the last sequence number where a modification was detected.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A number that increments each time a modification is detected</returns>
+        public int CheckModified()
+        {
+            if (SequenceNumber != Context.SequenceNumber)
+            {
+                SequenceNumber = Context.SequenceNumber;
+
+                SynchronizeMemory();
+            }
+
+            return ModifiedSequenceNumber;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Forcibly remove a texture from this pool's items.
         /// If deferred, the dereference will be queued to occur on the render thread.
@@ -175,7 +225,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="descriptor">The texture descriptor</param>
         /// <param name="layerSize">Layer size for textures using a sub-range of mipmap levels, otherwise 0</param>
         /// <returns>The texture information</returns>
-        private TextureInfo GetInfo(TextureDescriptor descriptor, out int layerSize)
+        private TextureInfo GetInfo(in TextureDescriptor descriptor, out int layerSize)
         {
             int depthOrLayers = descriptor.UnpackDepth();
             int levels        = descriptor.UnpackLevels();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferManager.cs

@@ -378,6 +378,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             return _gpUniformBuffers[stage].Buffers[index].Address;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the bounds of the uniform buffer currently bound at the given index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isCompute">Indicates whenever the uniform is requested by the 3D or compute engine</param>
+        /// <param name="stage">Index of the shader stage, if the uniform is for the 3D engine</param>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the uniform buffer binding</param>
+        /// <returns>The uniform buffer bounds, or an undefined value if the buffer is not currently bound</returns>
+        public ref BufferBounds GetUniformBufferBounds(bool isCompute, int stage, int index)
+        {
+            if (isCompute)
+            {
+                return ref _cpUniformBuffers.Buffers[index];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return ref _gpUniformBuffers[stage].Buffers[index];
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Ensures that the compute engine bindings are visible to the host GPU.
         /// Note: this actually performs the binding using the host graphics API.
@@ -416,7 +435,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetTexture(binding.BindingInfo.Binding, binding.Texture);
+                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(binding.Stage, binding.BindingInfo.Binding, binding.Texture, null);
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -700,17 +719,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <summary>
         /// Sets the buffer storage of a buffer texture. This will be bound when the buffer manager commits bindings.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stage">Shader stage accessing the texture</param>
         /// <param name="texture">Buffer texture</param>
         /// <param name="address">Address of the buffer in memory</param>
         /// <param name="size">Size of the buffer in bytes</param>
         /// <param name="bindingInfo">Binding info for the buffer texture</param>
         /// <param name="format">Format of the buffer texture</param>
         /// <param name="isImage">Whether the binding is for an image or a sampler</param>
-        public void SetBufferTextureStorage(ITexture texture, ulong address, ulong size, TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo, Format format, bool isImage)
+        public void SetBufferTextureStorage(
+            ShaderStage stage,
+            ITexture texture,
+            ulong address,
+            ulong size,
+            TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo,
+            Format format,
+            bool isImage)
         {
             _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.CreateBuffer(address, size);
 
-            _bufferTextures.Add(new BufferTextureBinding(texture, address, size, bindingInfo, format, isImage));
+            _bufferTextures.Add(new BufferTextureBinding(stage, texture, address, size, bindingInfo, format, isImage));
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferTextureBinding.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 {
@@ -8,6 +9,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
     /// </summary>
     struct BufferTextureBinding
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Shader stage accessing the texture.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ShaderStage Stage { get; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The buffer texture.
         /// </summary>
@@ -41,14 +47,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new buffer texture binding.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stage">Shader stage accessing the texture</param>
         /// <param name="texture">Buffer texture</param>
         /// <param name="address">Base address</param>
         /// <param name="size">Size in bytes</param>
         /// <param name="bindingInfo">Binding info</param>
         /// <param name="format">Binding format</param>
         /// <param name="isImage">Whether the binding is for an image or a sampler</param>
-        public BufferTextureBinding(ITexture texture, ulong address, ulong size, TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo, Format format, bool isImage)
+        public BufferTextureBinding(
+            ShaderStage stage,
+            ITexture texture,
+            ulong address,
+            ulong size,
+            TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo,
+            Format format,
+            bool isImage)
         {
+            Stage = stage;
             Texture = texture;
             Address = address;
             Size = size;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/MemoryManager.cs

@@ -252,6 +252,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             Write(va, MemoryMarshal.Cast<T, byte>(MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref value, 1)));
         }
 
+        public void WriteUntracked<T>(ulong va, T value) where T : unmanaged
+        {
+            WriteUntracked(va, MemoryMarshal.Cast<T, byte>(MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref value, 1)));
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Writes data to GPU mapped memory.
         /// </summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/Cache/Migration.cs

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
                             entry.Header.GpuAccessorHeader.ComputeLocalMemorySize,
                             entry.Header.GpuAccessorHeader.ComputeSharedMemorySize);
 
-                        ShaderSpecializationState specState = new ShaderSpecializationState(computeState);
+                        ShaderSpecializationState specState = new ShaderSpecializationState(ref computeState);
 
                         foreach (var td in entry.TextureDescriptors)
                         {
@@ -163,11 +163,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
                             _ => PrimitiveTopology.Points
                         };
 
+                        Array32<AttributeType> attributeTypes = default;
+
                         GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState = new GpuChannelGraphicsState(
                             accessorHeader.StateFlags.HasFlag(GuestGpuStateFlags.EarlyZForce),
                             topology,
                             tessMode,
-                            false);
+                            false,
+                            false,
+                            false,
+                            1f,
+                            false,
+                            CompareOp.Always,
+                            0f,
+                            ref attributeTypes);
 
                         TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] tfdNew = null;
 
@@ -189,7 +198,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache
                             }
                         }
 
-                        ShaderSpecializationState specState = new ShaderSpecializationState(graphicsState, tfdNew);
+                        ProgramPipelineState pipelineState = default;
+
+                        ShaderSpecializationState specState = new ShaderSpecializationState(ref graphicsState, ref pipelineState, tfdNew);
 
                         for (int i = 0; i < entries.Length; i++)
                         {

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/CachedShaderProgram.cs

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             HostProgram = hostProgram;
             SpecializationState = specializationState;
             Shaders = shaders;
+
+            SpecializationState.Prepare(shaders);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/BackgroundDiskCacheWriter.cs

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         {
             _context = context;
             _hostStorage = hostStorage;
-            _fileWriterWorkerQueue = new AsyncWorkQueue<CacheFileOperationTask>(ProcessTask, "Gpu.BackgroundDiskCacheWriter");
+            _fileWriterWorkerQueue = new AsyncWorkQueue<CacheFileOperationTask>(ProcessTask, "GPU.BackgroundDiskCacheWriter");
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/DiskCacheGpuAccessor.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
@@ -16,7 +18,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         private readonly ShaderSpecializationState _oldSpecState;
         private readonly ShaderSpecializationState _newSpecState;
         private readonly int _stageIndex;
-        private ResourceCounts _resourceCounts;
+        private readonly bool _isVulkan;
+        private readonly ResourceCounts _resourceCounts;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the cached GPU state accessor for shader translation.
@@ -34,13 +37,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             ShaderSpecializationState oldSpecState,
             ShaderSpecializationState newSpecState,
             ResourceCounts counts,
-            int stageIndex) : base(context)
+            int stageIndex) : base(context, counts, stageIndex)
         {
             _data = data;
             _cb1Data = cb1Data;
             _oldSpecState = oldSpecState;
             _newSpecState = newSpecState;
             _stageIndex = stageIndex;
+            _isVulkan = context.Capabilities.Api == TargetApi.Vulkan;
             _resourceCounts = counts;
         }
 
@@ -68,27 +72,33 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public int QueryBindingConstantBuffer(int index)
+        public AlphaTestOp QueryAlphaTestCompare()
         {
-            return _resourceCounts.UniformBuffersCount++;
+            if (!_isVulkan || !_oldSpecState.GraphicsState.AlphaTestEnable)
+            {
+                return AlphaTestOp.Always;
+            }
+
+            return _oldSpecState.GraphicsState.AlphaTestCompare switch
+            {
+                CompareOp.Never or CompareOp.NeverGl => AlphaTestOp.Never,
+                CompareOp.Less or CompareOp.LessGl => AlphaTestOp.Less,
+                CompareOp.Equal or CompareOp.EqualGl => AlphaTestOp.Equal,
+                CompareOp.LessOrEqual or CompareOp.LessOrEqualGl => AlphaTestOp.LessOrEqual,
+                CompareOp.Greater or CompareOp.GreaterGl => AlphaTestOp.Greater,
+                CompareOp.NotEqual or CompareOp.NotEqualGl => AlphaTestOp.NotEqual,
+                CompareOp.GreaterOrEqual or CompareOp.GreaterOrEqualGl => AlphaTestOp.GreaterOrEqual,
+                _ => AlphaTestOp.Always
+            };
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public int QueryBindingStorageBuffer(int index)
-        {
-            return _resourceCounts.StorageBuffersCount++;
-        }
+        public float QueryAlphaTestReference() => _oldSpecState.GraphicsState.AlphaTestReference;
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public int QueryBindingTexture(int index)
+        public AttributeType QueryAttributeType(int location)
         {
-            return _resourceCounts.TexturesCount++;
-        }
-
-        /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public int QueryBindingImage(int index)
-        {
-            return _resourceCounts.ImagesCount++;
+            return _oldSpecState.GraphicsState.AttributeTypes[location];
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -120,6 +130,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             return ConvertToInputTopology(_oldSpecState.GraphicsState.Topology, _oldSpecState.GraphicsState.TessellationMode);
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool QueryProgramPointSize()
+        {
+            return _oldSpecState.GraphicsState.ProgramPointSizeEnable;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public float QueryPointSize()
+        {
+            return _oldSpecState.GraphicsState.PointSize;
+        }
+
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryTessCw()
         {
@@ -160,6 +182,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             return _oldSpecState.GetCoordNormalized(_stageIndex, handle, cbufSlot);
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool QueryTransformDepthMinusOneToOne()
+        {
+            return _oldSpecState.GraphicsState.DepthMode;
+        }
+
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryTransformFeedbackEnabled()
         {

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/DiskCacheGuestStorage.cs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         private const uint TocMagic = (byte)'T' | ((byte)'O' << 8) | ((byte)'C' << 16) | ((byte)'G' << 24);
 
         private const ushort VersionMajor = 1;
-        private const ushort VersionMinor = 0;
+        private const ushort VersionMinor = 1;
         private const uint VersionPacked = ((uint)VersionMajor << 16) | VersionMinor;
 
         private const string TocFileName = "guest.toc";
@@ -193,8 +193,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         /// <param name="tocFileStream">Guest TOC file stream</param>
         /// <param name="dataFileStream">Guest data file stream</param>
         /// <param name="index">Guest shader index</param>
-        /// <returns>Tuple with the guest code and constant buffer 1 data, respectively</returns>
-        public (byte[], byte[]) LoadShader(Stream tocFileStream, Stream dataFileStream, int index)
+        /// <returns>Guest code and constant buffer 1 data</returns>
+        public GuestCodeAndCbData LoadShader(Stream tocFileStream, Stream dataFileStream, int index)
         {
             if (_cache == null || index >= _cache.Length)
             {
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                 _cache[index] = (guestCode, cb1Data);
             }
 
-            return (guestCode, cb1Data);
+            return new GuestCodeAndCbData(guestCode, cb1Data);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/DiskCacheHostStorage.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
 using System;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Numerics;
@@ -19,9 +20,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         private const uint TexdMagic = (byte)'T' | ((byte)'E' << 8) | ((byte)'X' << 16) | ((byte)'D' << 24);
 
         private const ushort FileFormatVersionMajor = 1;
-        private const ushort FileFormatVersionMinor = 1;
+        private const ushort FileFormatVersionMinor = 2;
         private const uint FileFormatVersionPacked = ((uint)FileFormatVersionMajor << 16) | FileFormatVersionMinor;
-        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 1;
+        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 9;
 
         private const string SharedTocFileName = "shared.toc";
         private const string SharedDataFileName = "shared.data";
@@ -77,9 +78,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             public ulong Offset;
 
             /// <summary>
-            /// Size.
+            /// Size of uncompressed data.
             /// </summary>
-            public uint Size;
+            public uint UncompressedSize;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Size of compressed data.
+            /// </summary>
+            public uint CompressedSize;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -196,6 +202,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         private static string GetHostFileName(GpuContext context)
         {
             string apiName = context.Capabilities.Api.ToString().ToLowerInvariant();
+
+            // We are just storing SPIR-V directly on Vulkan, so the code won't change per vendor.
+            // We can just have a single file for all vendors.
+            if (context.Capabilities.Api == TargetApi.Vulkan)
+            {
+                return apiName;
+            }
+
             string vendorName = RemoveInvalidCharacters(context.Capabilities.VendorName.ToLowerInvariant());
             return $"{apiName}_{vendorName}";
         }
@@ -324,7 +338,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                         stagesBitMask = 1;
                     }
 
-                    CachedShaderStage[] shaders = new CachedShaderStage[isCompute ? 1 : Constants.ShaderStages + 1];
+                    GuestCodeAndCbData?[] guestShaders = new GuestCodeAndCbData?[isCompute ? 1 : Constants.ShaderStages + 1];
 
                     DataEntryPerStage stageEntry = new DataEntryPerStage();
 
@@ -334,15 +348,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
 
                         dataReader.Read(ref stageEntry);
 
-                        ShaderProgramInfo info = stageIndex != 0 || isCompute ? ReadShaderProgramInfo(ref dataReader) : null;
-
-                        (byte[] guestCode, byte[] cb1Data) = _guestStorage.LoadShader(
+                        guestShaders[stageIndex] = _guestStorage.LoadShader(
                             guestTocFileStream,
                             guestDataFileStream,
                             stageEntry.GuestCodeIndex);
 
-                        shaders[stageIndex] = new CachedShaderStage(info, guestCode, cb1Data);
-
                         stagesBitMask &= ~(1u << stageIndex);
                     }
 
@@ -351,17 +361,38 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
 
                     if (loadHostCache)
                     {
-                        byte[] hostCode = ReadHostCode(context, ref hostTocFileStream, ref hostDataFileStream, programIndex);
+                        (byte[] hostCode, CachedShaderStage[] shaders) = ReadHostCode(
+                            context,
+                            ref hostTocFileStream,
+                            ref hostDataFileStream,
+                            guestShaders,
+                            programIndex);
 
                         if (hostCode != null)
                         {
                             bool hasFragmentShader = shaders.Length > 5 && shaders[5] != null;
                             int fragmentOutputMap = hasFragmentShader ? shaders[5].Info.FragmentOutputMap : -1;
-                            IProgram hostProgram = context.Renderer.LoadProgramBinary(hostCode, hasFragmentShader, new ShaderInfo(fragmentOutputMap));
+
+                            ShaderInfo shaderInfo = specState.PipelineState.HasValue
+                                ? new ShaderInfo(fragmentOutputMap, specState.PipelineState.Value, fromCache: true)
+                                : new ShaderInfo(fragmentOutputMap, fromCache: true);
+
+                            IProgram hostProgram;
+
+                            if (context.Capabilities.Api == TargetApi.Vulkan)
+                            {
+                                ShaderSource[] shaderSources = ShaderBinarySerializer.Unpack(shaders, hostCode, isCompute);
+
+                                hostProgram = context.Renderer.CreateProgram(shaderSources, shaderInfo);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                hostProgram = context.Renderer.LoadProgramBinary(hostCode, hasFragmentShader, shaderInfo);
+                            }
 
                             CachedShaderProgram program = new CachedShaderProgram(hostProgram, specState, shaders);
 
-                            loader.QueueHostProgram(program, hostProgram, programIndex, isCompute);
+                            loader.QueueHostProgram(program, hostCode, programIndex, isCompute);
                         }
                         else
                         {
@@ -371,7 +402,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
 
                     if (!loadHostCache)
                     {
-                        loader.QueueGuestProgram(shaders, specState, programIndex, isCompute);
+                        loader.QueueGuestProgram(guestShaders, specState, programIndex, isCompute);
                     }
 
                     loader.CheckCompilation();
@@ -393,9 +424,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         /// <param name="context">GPU context</param>
         /// <param name="tocFileStream">Host TOC file stream, intialized if needed</param>
         /// <param name="dataFileStream">Host data file stream, initialized if needed</param>
+        /// <param name="guestShaders">Guest shader code for each active stage</param>
         /// <param name="programIndex">Index of the program on the cache</param>
         /// <returns>Host binary code, or null if not found</returns>
-        private byte[] ReadHostCode(GpuContext context, ref Stream tocFileStream, ref Stream dataFileStream, int programIndex)
+        private (byte[], CachedShaderStage[]) ReadHostCode(
+            GpuContext context,
+            ref Stream tocFileStream,
+            ref Stream dataFileStream,
+            GuestCodeAndCbData?[] guestShaders,
+            int programIndex)
         {
             if (tocFileStream == null && dataFileStream == null)
             {
@@ -404,7 +441,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
 
                 if (!File.Exists(tocFilePath) || !File.Exists(dataFilePath))
                 {
-                    return null;
+                    return (null, null);
                 }
 
                 tocFileStream = DiskCacheCommon.OpenFile(_basePath, GetHostTocFileName(context), writable: false);
@@ -414,7 +451,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             int offset = Unsafe.SizeOf<TocHeader>() + programIndex * Unsafe.SizeOf<OffsetAndSize>();
             if (offset + Unsafe.SizeOf<OffsetAndSize>() > tocFileStream.Length)
             {
-                return null;
+                return (null, null);
             }
 
             if ((ulong)offset >= (ulong)dataFileStream.Length)
@@ -436,11 +473,33 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
 
             dataFileStream.Seek((long)offsetAndSize.Offset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
 
-            byte[] hostCode = new byte[offsetAndSize.Size];
+            byte[] hostCode = new byte[offsetAndSize.UncompressedSize];
 
             BinarySerializer.ReadCompressed(dataFileStream, hostCode);
 
-            return hostCode;
+            CachedShaderStage[] shaders = new CachedShaderStage[guestShaders.Length];
+            BinarySerializer dataReader = new BinarySerializer(dataFileStream);
+
+            dataFileStream.Seek((long)(offsetAndSize.Offset + offsetAndSize.CompressedSize), SeekOrigin.Begin);
+
+            dataReader.BeginCompression();
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < guestShaders.Length; index++)
+            {
+                if (!guestShaders[index].HasValue)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                GuestCodeAndCbData guestShader = guestShaders[index].Value;
+                ShaderProgramInfo info = index != 0 || guestShaders.Length == 1 ? ReadShaderProgramInfo(ref dataReader) : null;
+
+                shaders[index] = new CachedShaderStage(info, guestShader.Code, guestShader.Cb1Data);
+            }
+
+            dataReader.EndCompression();
+
+            return (hostCode, shaders);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -519,8 +578,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                 stageEntry.GuestCodeIndex = _guestStorage.AddShader(shader.Code, shader.Cb1Data);
 
                 dataWriter.Write(ref stageEntry);
-
-                WriteShaderProgramInfo(ref dataWriter, shader.Info);
             }
 
             program.SpecializationState.Write(ref dataWriter);
@@ -537,7 +594,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                 return;
             }
 
-            WriteHostCode(context, hostCode, -1, streams);
+            WriteHostCode(context, hostCode, program.Shaders, streams);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -574,29 +631,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             dataFileStream.SetLength(0);
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Adds a host binary shader to the host cache.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// This only modifies the host cache. The shader must already exist in the other caches.
-        /// This method should only be used for rebuilding the host cache after a clear.
-        /// </remarks>
-        /// <param name="context">GPU context</param>
-        /// <param name="hostCode">Host binary code</param>
-        /// <param name="programIndex">Index of the program in the cache</param>
-        public void AddHostShader(GpuContext context, ReadOnlySpan<byte> hostCode, int programIndex)
-        {
-            WriteHostCode(context, hostCode, programIndex);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Writes the host binary code on the host cache.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="context">GPU context</param>
         /// <param name="hostCode">Host binary code</param>
-        /// <param name="programIndex">Index of the program in the cache</param>
+        /// <param name="shaders">Shader stages to be added to the host cache</param>
         /// <param name="streams">Output streams to use</param>
-        private void WriteHostCode(GpuContext context, ReadOnlySpan<byte> hostCode, int programIndex, DiskCacheOutputStreams streams = null)
+        private void WriteHostCode(GpuContext context, ReadOnlySpan<byte> hostCode, CachedShaderStage[] shaders, DiskCacheOutputStreams streams = null)
         {
             var tocFileStream = streams != null ? streams.HostTocFileStream : DiskCacheCommon.OpenFile(_basePath, GetHostTocFileName(context), writable: true);
             var dataFileStream = streams != null ? streams.HostDataFileStream : DiskCacheCommon.OpenFile(_basePath, GetHostDataFileName(context), writable: true);
@@ -607,26 +649,36 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                 CreateToc(tocFileStream, ref header, TochMagic, 0);
             }
 
-            if (programIndex == -1)
-            {
-                tocFileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.End);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                tocFileStream.Seek(Unsafe.SizeOf<TocHeader>() + (programIndex * Unsafe.SizeOf<OffsetAndSize>()), SeekOrigin.Begin);
-            }
-
+            tocFileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.End);
             dataFileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.End);
 
             BinarySerializer tocWriter = new BinarySerializer(tocFileStream);
+            BinarySerializer dataWriter = new BinarySerializer(dataFileStream);
 
             OffsetAndSize offsetAndSize = new OffsetAndSize();
             offsetAndSize.Offset = (ulong)dataFileStream.Position;
-            offsetAndSize.Size = (uint)hostCode.Length;
-            tocWriter.Write(ref offsetAndSize);
+            offsetAndSize.UncompressedSize = (uint)hostCode.Length;
+
+            long dataStartPosition = dataFileStream.Position;
 
             BinarySerializer.WriteCompressed(dataFileStream, hostCode, DiskCacheCommon.GetCompressionAlgorithm());
 
+            offsetAndSize.CompressedSize = (uint)(dataFileStream.Position - dataStartPosition);
+
+            tocWriter.Write(ref offsetAndSize);
+
+            dataWriter.BeginCompression(DiskCacheCommon.GetCompressionAlgorithm());
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < shaders.Length; index++)
+            {
+                if (shaders[index] != null)
+                {
+                    WriteShaderProgramInfo(ref dataWriter, shaders[index].Info);
+                }
+            }
+
+            dataWriter.EndCompression();
+
             if (streams == null)
             {
                 tocFileStream.Dispose();

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/GuestCodeAndCbData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Guest shader code and constant buffer data accessed by the shader.
+    /// </summary>
+    struct GuestCodeAndCbData
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Maxwell binary shader code.
+        /// </summary>
+        public byte[] Code { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constant buffer 1 data accessed by the shader.
+        /// </summary>
+        public byte[] Cb1Data { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new instance of the guest shader code and constant buffer data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="code">Maxwell binary shader code</param>
+        /// <param name="cb1Data">Constant buffer 1 data accessed by the shader</param>
+        public GuestCodeAndCbData(byte[] code, byte[] cb1Data)
+        {
+            Code = code;
+            Cb1Data = cb1Data;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/ParallelDiskCacheLoader.cs

@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             public readonly CachedShaderProgram CachedProgram;
 
             /// <summary>
-            /// Host program.
+            /// Optional binary code. If not null, it is used instead of the backend host binary.
             /// </summary>
-            public readonly IProgram HostProgram;
+            public readonly byte[] BinaryCode;
 
             /// <summary>
             /// Program index.
@@ -68,19 +68,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             /// Creates a new program validation entry.
             /// </summary>
             /// <param name="cachedProgram">Cached shader program</param>
-            /// <param name="hostProgram">Host program</param>
             /// <param name="programIndex">Program index</param>
             /// <param name="isCompute">Indicates if the program is a compute shader</param>
             /// <param name="isBinary">Indicates if the program is a host binary shader</param>
             public ProgramEntry(
                 CachedShaderProgram cachedProgram,
-                IProgram hostProgram,
+                byte[] binaryCode,
                 int programIndex,
                 bool isCompute,
                 bool isBinary)
             {
                 CachedProgram = cachedProgram;
-                HostProgram = hostProgram;
+                BinaryCode = binaryCode;
                 ProgramIndex = programIndex;
                 IsCompute = isCompute;
                 IsBinary = isBinary;
@@ -146,9 +145,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         private struct AsyncProgramTranslation
         {
             /// <summary>
-            /// Cached shader stages.
+            /// Guest code for each active stage.
             /// </summary>
-            public readonly CachedShaderStage[] Shaders;
+            public readonly GuestCodeAndCbData?[] GuestShaders;
 
             /// <summary>
             /// Specialization state.
@@ -168,17 +167,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             /// <summary>
             /// Creates a new program translation entry.
             /// </summary>
-            /// <param name="shaders">Cached shader stages</param>
+            /// <param name="guestShaders">Guest code for each active stage</param>
             /// <param name="specState">Specialization state</param>
             /// <param name="programIndex">Program index</param>
             /// <param name="isCompute">Indicates if the program is a compute shader</param>
             public AsyncProgramTranslation(
-                CachedShaderStage[] shaders,
+                GuestCodeAndCbData?[] guestShaders,
                 ShaderSpecializationState specState,
                 int programIndex,
                 bool isCompute)
             {
-                Shaders = shaders;
+                GuestShaders = guestShaders;
                 SpecializationState = specState;
                 ProgramIndex = programIndex;
                 IsCompute = isCompute;
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         private readonly Queue<ProgramEntry> _validationQueue;
         private readonly ConcurrentQueue<ProgramCompilation> _compilationQueue;
         private readonly BlockingCollection<AsyncProgramTranslation> _asyncTranslationQueue;
-        private readonly SortedList<int, CachedShaderProgram> _programList;
+        private readonly SortedList<int, (CachedShaderProgram, byte[])> _programList;
 
         private int _backendParallelCompileThreads;
         private int _compiledCount;
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             _validationQueue = new Queue<ProgramEntry>();
             _compilationQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<ProgramCompilation>();
             _asyncTranslationQueue = new BlockingCollection<AsyncProgramTranslation>(ThreadCount);
-            _programList = new SortedList<int, CachedShaderProgram>();
+            _programList = new SortedList<int, (CachedShaderProgram, byte[])>();
             _backendParallelCompileThreads = Math.Min(Environment.ProcessorCount, 8); // Must be kept in sync with the backend code.
         }
 
@@ -235,7 +234,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             {
                 workThreads[index] = new Thread(ProcessAsyncQueue)
                 {
-                    Name = $"Gpu.AsyncTranslationThread.{index}"
+                    Name = $"GPU.AsyncTranslationThread.{index}"
                 };
             }
 
@@ -287,7 +286,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
 
             CheckCompilationBlocking();
 
-            if (_needsHostRegen)
+            if (_needsHostRegen && Active)
             {
                 // Rebuild both shared and host cache files.
                 // Rebuilding shared is required because the shader information returned by the translator
@@ -310,8 +309,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                                 break;
                             }
 
-                            CachedShaderProgram program = kv.Value;
-                            _hostStorage.AddShader(_context, program, program.HostProgram.GetBinary(), streams);
+                            (CachedShaderProgram program, byte[] binaryCode) = kv.Value;
+                            _hostStorage.AddShader(_context, program, binaryCode, streams);
                         }
 
                         Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Rebuilt {_programList.Count} shaders successfully.");
@@ -342,24 +341,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         /// Enqueues a host program for compilation.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="cachedProgram">Cached program</param>
-        /// <param name="hostProgram">Host program to be compiled</param>
+        /// <param name="binaryCode">Host binary code</param>
         /// <param name="programIndex">Program index</param>
         /// <param name="isCompute">Indicates if the program is a compute shader</param>
-        public void QueueHostProgram(CachedShaderProgram cachedProgram, IProgram hostProgram, int programIndex, bool isCompute)
+        public void QueueHostProgram(CachedShaderProgram cachedProgram, byte[] binaryCode, int programIndex, bool isCompute)
         {
-            EnqueueForValidation(new ProgramEntry(cachedProgram, hostProgram, programIndex, isCompute, isBinary: true));
+            EnqueueForValidation(new ProgramEntry(cachedProgram, binaryCode, programIndex, isCompute, isBinary: true));
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Enqueues a guest program for compilation.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="shaders">Cached shader stages</param>
+        /// <param name="guestShaders">Guest code for each active stage</param>
         /// <param name="specState">Specialization state</param>
         /// <param name="programIndex">Program index</param>
         /// <param name="isCompute">Indicates if the program is a compute shader</param>
-        public void QueueGuestProgram(CachedShaderStage[] shaders, ShaderSpecializationState specState, int programIndex, bool isCompute)
+        public void QueueGuestProgram(GuestCodeAndCbData?[] guestShaders, ShaderSpecializationState specState, int programIndex, bool isCompute)
         {
-            _asyncTranslationQueue.Add(new AsyncProgramTranslation(shaders, specState, programIndex, isCompute));
+            try
+            {
+                AsyncProgramTranslation asyncTranslation = new AsyncProgramTranslation(guestShaders, specState, programIndex, isCompute);
+                _asyncTranslationQueue.Add(asyncTranslation, _cancellationToken);
+            }
+            catch (OperationCanceledException)
+            {
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -374,7 +380,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             // If not yet compiled, do nothing. This avoids blocking to wait for shader compilation.
             while (_validationQueue.TryPeek(out ProgramEntry entry))
             {
-                ProgramLinkStatus result = entry.HostProgram.CheckProgramLink(false);
+                ProgramLinkStatus result = entry.CachedProgram.HostProgram.CheckProgramLink(false);
 
                 if (result != ProgramLinkStatus.Incomplete)
                 {
@@ -398,7 +404,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
 
             while (_validationQueue.TryDequeue(out ProgramEntry entry) && Active)
             {
-                ProcessCompiledProgram(ref entry, entry.HostProgram.CheckProgramLink(true), asyncCompile: false);
+                ProcessCompiledProgram(ref entry, entry.CachedProgram.HostProgram.CheckProgramLink(true), asyncCompile: false);
             }
         }
 
@@ -427,7 +433,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                     _needsHostRegen = true;
                 }
 
-                _programList.Add(entry.ProgramIndex, entry.CachedProgram);
+                _programList.Add(entry.ProgramIndex, (entry.CachedProgram, entry.BinaryCode));
                 SignalCompiled();
             }
             else if (entry.IsBinary)
@@ -436,13 +442,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                 // we still have a chance to recompile from the guest binary.
                 CachedShaderProgram program = entry.CachedProgram;
 
+                GuestCodeAndCbData?[] guestShaders = new GuestCodeAndCbData?[program.Shaders.Length];
+
+                for (int index = 0; index < program.Shaders.Length; index++)
+                {
+                    CachedShaderStage shader = program.Shaders[index];
+
+                    if (shader != null)
+                    {
+                        guestShaders[index] = new GuestCodeAndCbData(shader.Code, shader.Cb1Data);
+                    }
+                }
+
                 if (asyncCompile)
                 {
-                    QueueGuestProgram(program.Shaders, program.SpecializationState, entry.ProgramIndex, entry.IsCompute);
+                    QueueGuestProgram(guestShaders, program.SpecializationState, entry.ProgramIndex, entry.IsCompute);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    RecompileFromGuestCode(program.Shaders, program.SpecializationState, entry.ProgramIndex, entry.IsCompute);
+                    RecompileFromGuestCode(guestShaders, program.SpecializationState, entry.ProgramIndex, entry.IsCompute);
                     ProcessCompilationQueue();
                 }
             }
@@ -476,10 +494,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                     }
                 }
 
-                IProgram hostProgram = _context.Renderer.CreateProgram(shaderSources, new ShaderInfo(fragmentOutputMap));
+                ShaderInfo shaderInfo = compilation.SpecializationState.PipelineState.HasValue
+                    ? new ShaderInfo(fragmentOutputMap, compilation.SpecializationState.PipelineState.Value, fromCache: true)
+                    : new ShaderInfo(fragmentOutputMap, fromCache: true);
+
+                IProgram hostProgram = _context.Renderer.CreateProgram(shaderSources, shaderInfo);
                 CachedShaderProgram program = new CachedShaderProgram(hostProgram, compilation.SpecializationState, compilation.Shaders);
 
-                EnqueueForValidation(new ProgramEntry(program, hostProgram, compilation.ProgramIndex, compilation.IsCompute, isBinary: false));
+                byte[] binaryCode = _context.Capabilities.Api == TargetApi.Vulkan ? ShaderBinarySerializer.Pack(shaderSources) : hostProgram.GetBinary();
+
+                EnqueueForValidation(new ProgramEntry(program, binaryCode, compilation.ProgramIndex, compilation.IsCompute, isBinary: false));
             }
         }
 
@@ -496,7 +520,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             // Submitting more seems to cause NVIDIA OpenGL driver to crash.
             if (_validationQueue.Count >= _backendParallelCompileThreads && _validationQueue.TryDequeue(out ProgramEntry entry))
             {
-                ProcessCompiledProgram(ref entry, entry.HostProgram.CheckProgramLink(true), asyncCompile: false);
+                ProcessCompiledProgram(ref entry, entry.CachedProgram.HostProgram.CheckProgramLink(true), asyncCompile: false);
             }
         }
 
@@ -513,7 +537,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                 foreach (AsyncProgramTranslation asyncCompilation in _asyncTranslationQueue.GetConsumingEnumerable(ct))
                 {
                     RecompileFromGuestCode(
-                        asyncCompilation.Shaders,
+                        asyncCompilation.GuestShaders,
                         asyncCompilation.SpecializationState,
                         asyncCompilation.ProgramIndex,
                         asyncCompilation.IsCompute);
@@ -527,21 +551,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         /// <summary>
         /// Recompiles a program from guest code.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="shaders">Shader stages</param>
+        /// <param name="guestShaders">Guest code for each active stage</param>
         /// <param name="specState">Specialization state</param>
         /// <param name="programIndex">Program index</param>
         /// <param name="isCompute">Indicates if the program is a compute shader</param>
-        private void RecompileFromGuestCode(CachedShaderStage[] shaders, ShaderSpecializationState specState, int programIndex, bool isCompute)
+        private void RecompileFromGuestCode(GuestCodeAndCbData?[] guestShaders, ShaderSpecializationState specState, int programIndex, bool isCompute)
         {
             try
             {
                 if (isCompute)
                 {
-                    RecompileComputeFromGuestCode(shaders, specState, programIndex);
+                    RecompileComputeFromGuestCode(guestShaders, specState, programIndex);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    RecompileGraphicsFromGuestCode(shaders, specState, programIndex);
+                    RecompileGraphicsFromGuestCode(guestShaders, specState, programIndex);
                 }
             }
             catch (DiskCacheLoadException diskCacheLoadException)
@@ -556,41 +580,47 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         /// <summary>
         /// Recompiles a graphics program from guest code.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="shaders">Shader stages</param>
+        /// <param name="guestShaders">Guest code for each active stage</param>
         /// <param name="specState">Specialization state</param>
         /// <param name="programIndex">Program index</param>
-        private void RecompileGraphicsFromGuestCode(CachedShaderStage[] shaders, ShaderSpecializationState specState, int programIndex)
+        private void RecompileGraphicsFromGuestCode(GuestCodeAndCbData?[] guestShaders, ShaderSpecializationState specState, int programIndex)
         {
-            ShaderSpecializationState newSpecState = new ShaderSpecializationState(specState.GraphicsState, specState.TransformFeedbackDescriptors);
+            ShaderSpecializationState newSpecState = new ShaderSpecializationState(
+                ref specState.GraphicsState,
+                specState.PipelineState,
+                specState.TransformFeedbackDescriptors);
+
             ResourceCounts counts = new ResourceCounts();
 
             TranslatorContext[] translatorContexts = new TranslatorContext[Constants.ShaderStages + 1];
             TranslatorContext nextStage = null;
 
+            TargetApi api = _context.Capabilities.Api;
+
             for (int stageIndex = Constants.ShaderStages - 1; stageIndex >= 0; stageIndex--)
             {
-                CachedShaderStage shader = shaders[stageIndex + 1];
-
-                if (shader != null)
+                if (guestShaders[stageIndex + 1].HasValue)
                 {
+                    GuestCodeAndCbData shader = guestShaders[stageIndex + 1].Value;
+
                     byte[] guestCode = shader.Code;
                     byte[] cb1Data = shader.Cb1Data;
 
                     DiskCacheGpuAccessor gpuAccessor = new DiskCacheGpuAccessor(_context, guestCode, cb1Data, specState, newSpecState, counts, stageIndex);
-                    TranslatorContext currentStage = DecodeGraphicsShader(gpuAccessor, DefaultFlags, 0);
+                    TranslatorContext currentStage = DecodeGraphicsShader(gpuAccessor, api, DefaultFlags, 0);
 
                     if (nextStage != null)
                     {
                         currentStage.SetNextStage(nextStage);
                     }
 
-                    if (stageIndex == 0 && shaders[0] != null)
+                    if (stageIndex == 0 && guestShaders[0].HasValue)
                     {
-                        byte[] guestCodeA = shaders[0].Code;
-                        byte[] cb1DataA = shaders[0].Cb1Data;
+                        byte[] guestCodeA = guestShaders[0].Value.Code;
+                        byte[] cb1DataA = guestShaders[0].Value.Cb1Data;
 
                         DiskCacheGpuAccessor gpuAccessorA = new DiskCacheGpuAccessor(_context, guestCodeA, cb1DataA, specState, newSpecState, counts, 0);
-                        translatorContexts[0] = DecodeGraphicsShader(gpuAccessorA, DefaultFlags | TranslationFlags.VertexA, 0);
+                        translatorContexts[0] = DecodeGraphicsShader(gpuAccessorA, api, DefaultFlags | TranslationFlags.VertexA, 0);
                     }
 
                     translatorContexts[stageIndex + 1] = currentStage;
@@ -598,6 +628,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                 }
             }
 
+            CachedShaderStage[] shaders = new CachedShaderStage[guestShaders.Length];
             List<ShaderProgram> translatedStages = new List<ShaderProgram>();
 
             for (int stageIndex = 0; stageIndex < Constants.ShaderStages; stageIndex++)
@@ -608,15 +639,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                 {
                     ShaderProgram program;
 
-                    byte[] guestCode = shaders[stageIndex + 1].Code;
-                    byte[] cb1Data = shaders[stageIndex + 1].Cb1Data;
+                    byte[] guestCode = guestShaders[stageIndex + 1].Value.Code;
+                    byte[] cb1Data = guestShaders[stageIndex + 1].Value.Cb1Data;
 
-                    if (stageIndex == 0 && shaders[0] != null)
+                    if (stageIndex == 0 && guestShaders[0].HasValue)
                     {
                         program = currentStage.Translate(translatorContexts[0]);
 
-                        byte[] guestCodeA = shaders[0].Code;
-                        byte[] cb1DataA = shaders[0].Cb1Data;
+                        byte[] guestCodeA = guestShaders[0].Value.Code;
+                        byte[] cb1DataA = guestShaders[0].Value.Cb1Data;
 
                         shaders[0] = new CachedShaderStage(null, guestCodeA, cb1DataA);
                         shaders[1] = new CachedShaderStage(program.Info, guestCode, cb1Data);
@@ -641,21 +672,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         /// <summary>
         /// Recompiles a compute program from guest code.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="shaders">Shader stages</param>
+        /// <param name="guestShaders">Guest code for each active stage</param>
         /// <param name="specState">Specialization state</param>
         /// <param name="programIndex">Program index</param>
-        private void RecompileComputeFromGuestCode(CachedShaderStage[] shaders, ShaderSpecializationState specState, int programIndex)
+        private void RecompileComputeFromGuestCode(GuestCodeAndCbData?[] guestShaders, ShaderSpecializationState specState, int programIndex)
         {
-            CachedShaderStage shader = shaders[0];
+            GuestCodeAndCbData shader = guestShaders[0].Value;
             ResourceCounts counts = new ResourceCounts();
-            ShaderSpecializationState newSpecState = new ShaderSpecializationState(specState.ComputeState);
+            ShaderSpecializationState newSpecState = new ShaderSpecializationState(ref specState.ComputeState);
             DiskCacheGpuAccessor gpuAccessor = new DiskCacheGpuAccessor(_context, shader.Code, shader.Cb1Data, specState, newSpecState, counts, 0);
 
-            TranslatorContext translatorContext = DecodeComputeShader(gpuAccessor, 0);
+            TranslatorContext translatorContext = DecodeComputeShader(gpuAccessor, _context.Capabilities.Api, 0);
 
             ShaderProgram program = translatorContext.Translate();
 
-            shaders[0] = new CachedShaderStage(program.Info, shader.Code, shader.Cb1Data);
+            CachedShaderStage[] shaders = new[] { new CachedShaderStage(program.Info, shader.Code, shader.Cb1Data) };
 
             _compilationQueue.Enqueue(new ProgramCompilation(new[] { program }, shaders, newSpecState, programIndex, isCompute: true));
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/ShaderBinarySerializer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
+{
+    static class ShaderBinarySerializer
+    {
+        public static byte[] Pack(ShaderSource[] sources)
+        {
+            using MemoryStream output = new MemoryStream();
+            using BinaryWriter writer = new BinaryWriter(output);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < sources.Length; i++)
+            {
+                writer.Write(sources[i].BinaryCode.Length);
+                writer.Write(sources[i].BinaryCode);
+            }
+
+            return output.ToArray();
+        }
+
+        public static ShaderSource[] Unpack(CachedShaderStage[] stages, byte[] code, bool compute)
+        {
+            using MemoryStream input = new MemoryStream(code);
+            using BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(input);
+
+            List<ShaderSource> output = new List<ShaderSource>();
+
+            for (int i = compute ? 0 : 1; i < stages.Length; i++)
+            {
+                CachedShaderStage stage = stages[i];
+
+                if (stage == null)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                int binaryCodeLength = reader.ReadInt32();
+                byte[] binaryCode = reader.ReadBytes(binaryCodeLength);
+
+                output.Add(new ShaderSource(binaryCode, ShaderCache.GetBindings(stage.Info), stage.Info.Stage, TargetLanguage.Spirv));
+            }
+
+            return output.ToArray();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/GpuAccessor.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         private readonly GpuAccessorState _state;
         private readonly int _stageIndex;
         private readonly bool _compute;
+        private readonly bool _isVulkan;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the GPU state accessor for graphics shader translation.
@@ -23,8 +26,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
         /// <param name="state">Current GPU state</param>
         /// <param name="stageIndex">Graphics shader stage index (0 = Vertex, 4 = Fragment)</param>
-        public GpuAccessor(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, GpuAccessorState state, int stageIndex) : base(context)
+        public GpuAccessor(
+            GpuContext context,
+            GpuChannel channel,
+            GpuAccessorState state,
+            int stageIndex) : base(context, state.ResourceCounts, stageIndex)
         {
+            _isVulkan = context.Capabilities.Api == TargetApi.Vulkan;
             _channel = channel;
             _state = state;
             _stageIndex = stageIndex;
@@ -36,7 +44,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <param name="context">GPU context</param>
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
         /// <param name="state">Current GPU state</param>
-        public GpuAccessor(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, GpuAccessorState state) : base(context)
+        public GpuAccessor(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, GpuAccessorState state) : base(context, state.ResourceCounts, 0)
         {
             _channel = channel;
             _state = state;
@@ -67,27 +75,36 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public int QueryBindingConstantBuffer(int index)
+        public AlphaTestOp QueryAlphaTestCompare()
         {
-            return _state.ResourceCounts.UniformBuffersCount++;
+            if (!_isVulkan || !_state.GraphicsState.AlphaTestEnable)
+            {
+                return AlphaTestOp.Always;
+            }
+
+            return _state.GraphicsState.AlphaTestCompare switch
+            {
+                CompareOp.Never or CompareOp.NeverGl => AlphaTestOp.Never,
+                CompareOp.Less or CompareOp.LessGl => AlphaTestOp.Less,
+                CompareOp.Equal or CompareOp.EqualGl => AlphaTestOp.Equal,
+                CompareOp.LessOrEqual or CompareOp.LessOrEqualGl => AlphaTestOp.LessOrEqual,
+                CompareOp.Greater or CompareOp.GreaterGl => AlphaTestOp.Greater,
+                CompareOp.NotEqual or CompareOp.NotEqualGl => AlphaTestOp.NotEqual,
+                CompareOp.GreaterOrEqual or CompareOp.GreaterOrEqualGl => AlphaTestOp.GreaterOrEqual,
+                _ => AlphaTestOp.Always
+            };
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public int QueryBindingStorageBuffer(int index)
+        public float QueryAlphaTestReference()
         {
-            return _state.ResourceCounts.StorageBuffersCount++;
+            return _state.GraphicsState.AlphaTestReference;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public int QueryBindingTexture(int index)
+        public AttributeType QueryAttributeType(int location)
         {
-            return _state.ResourceCounts.TexturesCount++;
-        }
-
-        /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public int QueryBindingImage(int index)
-        {
-            return _state.ResourceCounts.ImagesCount++;
+            return _state.GraphicsState.AttributeTypes[location];
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -123,6 +140,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             return ConvertToInputTopology(_state.GraphicsState.Topology, _state.GraphicsState.TessellationMode);
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool QueryProgramPointSize()
+        {
+            return _state.GraphicsState.ProgramPointSizeEnable;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public float QueryPointSize()
+        {
+            return _state.GraphicsState.PointSize;
+        }
+
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryTessCw()
         {
@@ -192,6 +221,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             }
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool QueryTransformDepthMinusOneToOne()
+        {
+            return _state.GraphicsState.DepthMode;
+        }
+
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryTransformFeedbackEnabled()
         {

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/GpuAccessorBase.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
 {
@@ -11,74 +13,139 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
     class GpuAccessorBase
     {
         private readonly GpuContext _context;
+        private readonly ResourceCounts _resourceCounts;
+        private readonly int _stageIndex;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new GPU accessor.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="context">GPU context</param>
-        public GpuAccessorBase(GpuContext context)
+        public GpuAccessorBase(GpuContext context, ResourceCounts resourceCounts, int stageIndex)
         {
             _context = context;
+            _resourceCounts = resourceCounts;
+            _stageIndex = stageIndex;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries host about the presence of the FrontFacing built-in variable bug.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>True if the bug is present on the host device used, false otherwise</returns>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public int QueryBindingConstantBuffer(int index)
+        {
+            if (_context.Capabilities.Api == TargetApi.Vulkan)
+            {
+                return 1 + GetBindingFromIndex(index, _context.Capabilities.MaximumUniformBuffersPerStage, "Uniform buffer");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return _resourceCounts.UniformBuffersCount++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public int QueryBindingStorageBuffer(int index)
+        {
+            if (_context.Capabilities.Api == TargetApi.Vulkan)
+            {
+                return GetBindingFromIndex(index, _context.Capabilities.MaximumStorageBuffersPerStage, "Storage buffer");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return _resourceCounts.StorageBuffersCount++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public int QueryBindingTexture(int index, bool isBuffer)
+        {
+            if (_context.Capabilities.Api == TargetApi.Vulkan)
+            {
+                if (isBuffer)
+                {
+                    index += (int)_context.Capabilities.MaximumTexturesPerStage;
+                }
+
+                return GetBindingFromIndex(index, _context.Capabilities.MaximumTexturesPerStage * 2, "Texture");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return _resourceCounts.TexturesCount++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public int QueryBindingImage(int index, bool isBuffer)
+        {
+            if (_context.Capabilities.Api == TargetApi.Vulkan)
+            {
+                if (isBuffer)
+                {
+                    index += (int)_context.Capabilities.MaximumImagesPerStage;
+                }
+
+                return GetBindingFromIndex(index, _context.Capabilities.MaximumImagesPerStage * 2, "Image");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return _resourceCounts.ImagesCount++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int GetBindingFromIndex(int index, uint maxPerStage, string resourceName)
+        {
+            if ((uint)index >= maxPerStage)
+            {
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"{resourceName} index {index} exceeds per stage limit of {maxPerStage}.");
+            }
+
+            return GetStageIndex() * (int)maxPerStage + index;
+        }
+
+        private int GetStageIndex()
+        {
+            // This is just a simple remapping to ensure that most frequently used shader stages
+            // have the lowest binding numbers.
+            // This is useful because if we need to run on a system with a low limit on the bindings,
+            // then we can still get most games working as the most common shaders will have low binding numbers.
+            return _stageIndex switch
+            {
+                4 => 1, // Fragment
+                3 => 2, // Geometry
+                1 => 3, // Tessellation control
+                2 => 4, // Tessellation evaluation
+                _ => 0 // Vertex/Compute
+            };
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryHostHasFrontFacingBug() => _context.Capabilities.HasFrontFacingBug;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries host about the presence of the vector indexing bug.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>True if the bug is present on the host device used, false otherwise</returns>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryHostHasVectorIndexingBug() => _context.Capabilities.HasVectorIndexingBug;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries host storage buffer alignment required.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Host storage buffer alignment in bytes</returns>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
         public int QueryHostStorageBufferOffsetAlignment() => _context.Capabilities.StorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries host support for texture formats with BGRA component order (such as BGRA8).
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>True if BGRA formats are supported, false otherwise</returns>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryHostSupportsBgraFormat() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsBgraFormat;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries host support for fragment shader ordering critical sections on the shader code.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>True if fragment shader interlock is supported, false otherwise</returns>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryHostSupportsFragmentShaderInterlock() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsFragmentShaderInterlock;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries host support for fragment shader ordering scoped critical sections on the shader code.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>True if fragment shader ordering is supported, false otherwise</returns>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryHostSupportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries host support for readable images without a explicit format declaration on the shader.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>True if formatted image load is supported, false otherwise</returns>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public bool QueryHostSupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryHostSupportsImageLoadFormatted() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsImageLoadFormatted;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries host GPU non-constant texture offset support.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>True if the GPU and driver supports non-constant texture offsets, false otherwise</returns>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryHostSupportsNonConstantTextureOffset() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsNonConstantTextureOffset;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries host GPU shader ballot support.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>True if the GPU and driver supports shader ballot, false otherwise</returns>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryHostSupportsShaderBallot() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsShaderBallot;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queries host GPU texture shadow LOD support.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>True if the GPU and driver supports texture shadow LOD, false otherwise</returns>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool QueryHostSupportsTextureShadowLod() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsTextureShadowLod;
 
         /// <summary>

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/GpuChannelGraphicsState.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
 {
@@ -30,6 +32,41 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// </summary>
         public readonly bool ViewportTransformDisable;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Depth mode zero to one or minus one to one.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly bool DepthMode;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates if the point size is set on the shader or is fixed.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly bool ProgramPointSizeEnable;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Point size if not set from shader.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly float PointSize;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates whenever alpha test is enabled.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly bool AlphaTestEnable;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// When alpha test is enabled, indicates the comparison that decides if the fragment is discarded.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly CompareOp AlphaTestCompare;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// When alpha test is enabled, indicates the value to compare with the fragment output alpha.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly float AlphaTestReference;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Type of the vertex attributes consumed by the shader.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Array32<AttributeType> AttributeTypes;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new GPU graphics state.
         /// </summary>
@@ -37,12 +74,37 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <param name="topology">Primitive topology</param>
         /// <param name="tessellationMode">Tessellation mode</param>
         /// <param name="viewportTransformDisable">Indicates whenever the viewport transform is disabled</param>
-        public GpuChannelGraphicsState(bool earlyZForce, PrimitiveTopology topology, TessMode tessellationMode, bool viewportTransformDisable)
+        /// <param name="depthMode">Depth mode zero to one or minus one to one</param>
+        /// <param name="programPointSizeEnable">Indicates if the point size is set on the shader or is fixed</param>
+        /// <param name="pointSize">Point size if not set from shader</param>
+        /// <param name="alphaTestEnable">Indicates whenever alpha test is enabled</param>
+        /// <param name="alphaTestCompare">When alpha test is enabled, indicates the comparison that decides if the fragment is discarded</param>
+        /// <param name="alphaTestReference">When alpha test is enabled, indicates the value to compare with the fragment output alpha</param>
+        /// <param name="attributeTypes">Type of the vertex attributes consumed by the shader</param>
+        public GpuChannelGraphicsState(
+            bool earlyZForce,
+            PrimitiveTopology topology,
+            TessMode tessellationMode,
+            bool viewportTransformDisable,
+            bool depthMode,
+            bool programPointSizeEnable,
+            float pointSize,
+            bool alphaTestEnable,
+            CompareOp alphaTestCompare,
+            float alphaTestReference,
+            ref Array32<AttributeType> attributeTypes)
         {
             EarlyZForce = earlyZForce;
             Topology = topology;
             TessellationMode = tessellationMode;
             ViewportTransformDisable = viewportTransformDisable;
+            DepthMode = depthMode;
+            ProgramPointSizeEnable = programPointSizeEnable;
+            PointSize = pointSize;
+            AlphaTestEnable = alphaTestEnable;
+            AlphaTestCompare = alphaTestCompare;
+            AlphaTestReference = alphaTestReference;
+            AttributeTypes = attributeTypes;
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderCache.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.Cache;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache;
@@ -8,6 +10,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
@@ -59,11 +62,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         {
             public readonly CachedShaderProgram CachedProgram;
             public readonly IProgram HostProgram;
+            public readonly byte[] BinaryCode;
 
-            public ProgramToSave(CachedShaderProgram cachedProgram, IProgram hostProgram)
+            public ProgramToSave(CachedShaderProgram cachedProgram, IProgram hostProgram, byte[] binaryCode)
             {
                 CachedProgram = cachedProgram;
                 HostProgram = hostProgram;
+                BinaryCode = binaryCode;
             }
         }
 
@@ -123,7 +128,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 {
                     if (result == ProgramLinkStatus.Success)
                     {
-                        _cacheWriter.AddShader(programToSave.CachedProgram, programToSave.HostProgram.GetBinary());
+                        _cacheWriter.AddShader(programToSave.CachedProgram, programToSave.BinaryCode ?? programToSave.HostProgram.GetBinary());
                     }
 
                     _programsToSaveQueue.Dequeue();
@@ -143,7 +148,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         {
             if (_diskCacheHostStorage.CacheEnabled)
             {
-                if (!_diskCacheHostStorage.CacheExists())
+                // Migration disabled as Vulkan added a lot of new state,
+                // most migrated shaders would be unused due to the state not matching.
+                /* if (!_diskCacheHostStorage.CacheExists())
                 {
                     // If we don't have a shader cache on the new format, try to perform migration from the old shader cache.
                     Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, "No shader cache found, trying to migrate from legacy shader cache...");
@@ -151,7 +158,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                     int migrationCount = Migration.MigrateFromLegacyCache(_context, _diskCacheHostStorage);
 
                     Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Migrated {migrationCount} shaders.");
-                }
+                } */
 
                 ParallelDiskCacheLoader loader = new ParallelDiskCacheLoader(
                     _context,
@@ -210,25 +217,67 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 return cpShader;
             }
 
-            ShaderSpecializationState specState = new ShaderSpecializationState(computeState);
+            ShaderSpecializationState specState = new ShaderSpecializationState(ref computeState);
             GpuAccessorState gpuAccessorState = new GpuAccessorState(poolState, computeState, default, specState);
             GpuAccessor gpuAccessor = new GpuAccessor(_context, channel, gpuAccessorState);
 
-            TranslatorContext translatorContext = DecodeComputeShader(gpuAccessor, gpuVa);
+            TranslatorContext translatorContext = DecodeComputeShader(gpuAccessor, _context.Capabilities.Api, gpuVa);
 
             TranslatedShader translatedShader = TranslateShader(_dumper, channel, translatorContext, cachedGuestCode);
 
-            IProgram hostProgram = _context.Renderer.CreateProgram(new ShaderSource[] { CreateShaderSource(translatedShader.Program) }, new ShaderInfo(-1));
+            ShaderSource[] shaderSourcesArray = new ShaderSource[] { CreateShaderSource(translatedShader.Program) };
+
+            IProgram hostProgram = _context.Renderer.CreateProgram(shaderSourcesArray, new ShaderInfo(-1));
 
             cpShader = new CachedShaderProgram(hostProgram, specState, translatedShader.Shader);
 
             _computeShaderCache.Add(cpShader);
-            EnqueueProgramToSave(new ProgramToSave(cpShader, hostProgram));
+            EnqueueProgramToSave(cpShader, hostProgram, shaderSourcesArray);
             _cpPrograms[gpuVa] = cpShader;
 
             return cpShader;
         }
 
+        private void UpdatePipelineInfo(
+            ref ThreedClassState state,
+            ref ProgramPipelineState pipeline,
+            GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState,
+            GpuChannel channel)
+        {
+            channel.TextureManager.UpdateRenderTargets();
+
+            var rtControl = state.RtControl;
+            var msaaMode = state.RtMsaaMode;
+
+            pipeline.SamplesCount = msaaMode.SamplesInX() * msaaMode.SamplesInY();
+
+            int count = rtControl.UnpackCount();
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < Constants.TotalRenderTargets; index++)
+            {
+                int rtIndex = rtControl.UnpackPermutationIndex(index);
+
+                var colorState = state.RtColorState[rtIndex];
+
+                if (index >= count || colorState.Format == 0 || colorState.WidthOrStride == 0)
+                {
+                    pipeline.AttachmentEnable[index] = false;
+                    pipeline.AttachmentFormats[index] = Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    pipeline.AttachmentEnable[index] = true;
+                    pipeline.AttachmentFormats[index] = colorState.Format.Convert().Format;
+                }
+            }
+
+            pipeline.DepthStencilEnable = state.RtDepthStencilEnable;
+            pipeline.DepthStencilFormat = pipeline.DepthStencilEnable ? state.RtDepthStencilState.Format.Convert().Format : Format.D24UnormS8Uint;
+
+            pipeline.VertexBufferCount = Constants.TotalVertexBuffers;
+            pipeline.Topology = graphicsState.Topology;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets a graphics shader program from the shader cache.
         /// This includes all the specified shader stages.
@@ -237,6 +286,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// This automatically translates, compiles and adds the code to the cache if not present.
         /// </remarks>
         /// <param name="state">GPU state</param>
+        /// <param name="pipeline">Pipeline state</param>
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
         /// <param name="poolState">Texture pool state</param>
         /// <param name="graphicsState">3D engine state</param>
@@ -244,6 +294,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <returns>Compiled graphics shader code</returns>
         public CachedShaderProgram GetGraphicsShader(
             ref ThreedClassState state,
+            ref ProgramPipelineState pipeline,
             GpuChannel channel,
             GpuChannelPoolState poolState,
             GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState,
@@ -262,7 +313,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
 
             TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] transformFeedbackDescriptors = GetTransformFeedbackDescriptors(ref state);
 
-            ShaderSpecializationState specState = new ShaderSpecializationState(graphicsState, transformFeedbackDescriptors);
+            UpdatePipelineInfo(ref state, ref pipeline, graphicsState, channel);
+
+            ShaderSpecializationState specState = new ShaderSpecializationState(ref graphicsState, ref pipeline, transformFeedbackDescriptors);
             GpuAccessorState gpuAccessorState = new GpuAccessorState(poolState, default, graphicsState, specState, transformFeedbackDescriptors);
 
             ReadOnlySpan<ulong> addressesSpan = addresses.AsSpan();
@@ -270,6 +323,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             TranslatorContext[] translatorContexts = new TranslatorContext[Constants.ShaderStages + 1];
             TranslatorContext nextStage = null;
 
+            TargetApi api = _context.Capabilities.Api;
+
             for (int stageIndex = Constants.ShaderStages - 1; stageIndex >= 0; stageIndex--)
             {
                 ulong gpuVa = addressesSpan[stageIndex + 1];
@@ -277,7 +332,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 if (gpuVa != 0)
                 {
                     GpuAccessor gpuAccessor = new GpuAccessor(_context, channel, gpuAccessorState, stageIndex);
-                    TranslatorContext currentStage = DecodeGraphicsShader(gpuAccessor, DefaultFlags, gpuVa);
+                    TranslatorContext currentStage = DecodeGraphicsShader(gpuAccessor, api, DefaultFlags, gpuVa);
 
                     if (nextStage != null)
                     {
@@ -286,7 +341,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
 
                     if (stageIndex == 0 && addresses.VertexA != 0)
                     {
-                        translatorContexts[0] = DecodeGraphicsShader(gpuAccessor, DefaultFlags | TranslationFlags.VertexA, addresses.VertexA);
+                        translatorContexts[0] = DecodeGraphicsShader(gpuAccessor, api, DefaultFlags | TranslationFlags.VertexA, addresses.VertexA);
                     }
 
                     translatorContexts[stageIndex + 1] = currentStage;
@@ -336,13 +391,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 }
             }
 
+            ShaderSource[] shaderSourcesArray = shaderSources.ToArray();
+
             int fragmentOutputMap = shaders[5]?.Info.FragmentOutputMap ?? -1;
-            IProgram hostProgram = _context.Renderer.CreateProgram(shaderSources.ToArray(), new ShaderInfo(fragmentOutputMap));
+            IProgram hostProgram = _context.Renderer.CreateProgram(shaderSourcesArray, new ShaderInfo(fragmentOutputMap, pipeline));
 
             gpShaders = new CachedShaderProgram(hostProgram, specState, shaders);
 
             _graphicsShaderCache.Add(gpShaders);
-            EnqueueProgramToSave(new ProgramToSave(gpShaders, hostProgram));
+            EnqueueProgramToSave(gpShaders, hostProgram, shaderSourcesArray);
             _gpPrograms[addresses] = gpShaders;
 
             return gpShaders;
@@ -355,7 +412,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <returns>Shader source</returns>
         public static ShaderSource CreateShaderSource(ShaderProgram program)
         {
-            return new ShaderSource(program.Code, program.BinaryCode, program.Info.Stage, program.Language);
+            return new ShaderSource(program.Code, program.BinaryCode, GetBindings(program.Info), program.Info.Stage, program.Language);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -364,11 +421,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <remarks>
         /// This will not do anything if disk shader cache is disabled.
         /// </remarks>
-        /// <param name="programToSave">Program to be saved on disk</param>
-        private void EnqueueProgramToSave(ProgramToSave programToSave)
+        /// <param name="program">Cached shader program</param>
+        /// <param name="hostProgram">Host program</param>
+        /// <param name="sources">Source for each shader stage</param>
+        private void EnqueueProgramToSave(CachedShaderProgram program, IProgram hostProgram, ShaderSource[] sources)
         {
             if (_diskCacheHostStorage.CacheEnabled)
             {
+                byte[] binaryCode = _context.Capabilities.Api == TargetApi.Vulkan ? ShaderBinarySerializer.Pack(sources) : null;
+                ProgramToSave programToSave = new ProgramToSave(program, hostProgram, binaryCode);
+
                 _programsToSaveQueue.Enqueue(programToSave);
             }
         }
@@ -418,7 +480,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         {
             if (IsShaderEqual(channel.MemoryManager, cpShader.Shaders[0], gpuVa))
             {
-                return cpShader.SpecializationState.MatchesCompute(channel, poolState);
+                return cpShader.SpecializationState.MatchesCompute(channel, poolState, true);
             }
 
             return false;
@@ -454,7 +516,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 }
             }
 
-            return gpShaders.SpecializationState.MatchesGraphics(channel, poolState, graphicsState);
+            return gpShaders.SpecializationState.MatchesGraphics(channel, poolState, graphicsState, true);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -480,11 +542,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// Decode the binary Maxwell shader code to a translator context.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="gpuAccessor">GPU state accessor</param>
+        /// <param name="api">Graphics API that will be used with the shader</param>
         /// <param name="gpuVa">GPU virtual address of the binary shader code</param>
         /// <returns>The generated translator context</returns>
-        public static TranslatorContext DecodeComputeShader(IGpuAccessor gpuAccessor, ulong gpuVa)
+        public static TranslatorContext DecodeComputeShader(IGpuAccessor gpuAccessor, TargetApi api, ulong gpuVa)
         {
-            var options = new TranslationOptions(TargetLanguage.Glsl, TargetApi.OpenGL, DefaultFlags | TranslationFlags.Compute);
+            var options = CreateTranslationOptions(api, DefaultFlags | TranslationFlags.Compute);
             return Translator.CreateContext(gpuVa, gpuAccessor, options);
         }
 
@@ -495,12 +558,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// This will combine the "Vertex A" and "Vertex B" shader stages, if specified, into one shader.
         /// </remarks>
         /// <param name="gpuAccessor">GPU state accessor</param>
+        /// <param name="api">Graphics API that will be used with the shader</param>
         /// <param name="flags">Flags that controls shader translation</param>
         /// <param name="gpuVa">GPU virtual address of the shader code</param>
         /// <returns>The generated translator context</returns>
-        public static TranslatorContext DecodeGraphicsShader(IGpuAccessor gpuAccessor, TranslationFlags flags, ulong gpuVa)
+        public static TranslatorContext DecodeGraphicsShader(IGpuAccessor gpuAccessor, TargetApi api, TranslationFlags flags, ulong gpuVa)
         {
-            var options = new TranslationOptions(TargetLanguage.Glsl, TargetApi.OpenGL, flags);
+            var options = CreateTranslationOptions(api, flags);
             return Translator.CreateContext(gpuVa, gpuAccessor, options);
         }
 
@@ -595,6 +659,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             };
         }
 
+        public static ShaderBindings GetBindings(ShaderProgramInfo info)
+        {
+            var uniformBufferBindings = info.CBuffers.Select(x => x.Binding).ToArray();
+            var storageBufferBindings = info.SBuffers.Select(x => x.Binding).ToArray();
+            var textureBindings = info.Textures.Select(x => x.Binding).ToArray();
+            var imageBindings = info.Images.Select(x => x.Binding).ToArray();
+
+            return new ShaderBindings(
+                uniformBufferBindings,
+                storageBufferBindings,
+                textureBindings,
+                imageBindings);
+        }
+
+        private static TranslationOptions CreateTranslationOptions(TargetApi api, TranslationFlags flags)
+        {
+            TargetLanguage lang = GraphicsConfig.EnableSpirvCompilationOnVulkan && api == TargetApi.Vulkan
+                ? TargetLanguage.Spirv
+                : TargetLanguage.Glsl;
+
+            return new TranslationOptions(lang, api, flags);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Disposes the shader cache, deleting all the cached shaders.
         /// It's an error to use the shader cache after disposal.

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderSpecializationList.cs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         {
             foreach (var entry in _entries)
             {
-                if (entry.SpecializationState.MatchesGraphics(channel, poolState, graphicsState))
+                if (entry.SpecializationState.MatchesGraphics(channel, poolState, graphicsState, true))
                 {
                     program = entry;
                     return true;
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         {
             foreach (var entry in _entries)
             {
-                if (entry.SpecializationState.MatchesCompute(channel, poolState))
+                if (entry.SpecializationState.MatchesCompute(channel, poolState, true))
                 {
                     program = entry;
                     return true;

Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderSpecializationState.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
 {
@@ -14,6 +20,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         private const uint TfbdMagic = (byte)'T' | ((byte)'F' << 8) | ((byte)'B' << 16) | ((byte)'D' << 24);
         private const uint TexkMagic = (byte)'T' | ((byte)'E' << 8) | ((byte)'X' << 16) | ((byte)'K' << 24);
         private const uint TexsMagic = (byte)'T' | ((byte)'E' << 8) | ((byte)'X' << 16) | ((byte)'S' << 24);
+        private const uint PgpsMagic = (byte)'P' | ((byte)'G' << 8) | ((byte)'P' << 16) | ((byte)'S' << 24);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Flags indicating GPU state that is used by the shader.
@@ -46,6 +53,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// </summary>
         public Array5<uint> ConstantBufferUse;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Optional pipeline state captured at the time of the shader use.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ProgramPipelineState? PipelineState;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Transform feedback buffers active at the time the shader was compiled.
         /// </summary>
@@ -158,6 +170,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         }
 
         private readonly Dictionary<TextureKey, Box<TextureSpecializationState>> _textureSpecialization;
+        private KeyValuePair<TextureKey, Box<TextureSpecializationState>>[] _allTextures;
+        private Box<TextureSpecializationState>[][] _textureByBinding;
+        private Box<TextureSpecializationState>[][] _imageByBinding;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the shader specialization state.
@@ -171,7 +186,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// Creates a new instance of the shader specialization state.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="state">Current compute engine state</param>
-        public ShaderSpecializationState(GpuChannelComputeState state) : this()
+        public ShaderSpecializationState(ref GpuChannelComputeState state) : this()
         {
             ComputeState = state;
             _compute = true;
@@ -182,7 +197,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="state">Current 3D engine state</param>
         /// <param name="descriptors">Optional transform feedback buffers in use, if any</param>
-        public ShaderSpecializationState(GpuChannelGraphicsState state, TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] descriptors) : this()
+        private ShaderSpecializationState(ref GpuChannelGraphicsState state, TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] descriptors) : this()
         {
             GraphicsState = state;
             _compute = false;
@@ -194,6 +209,76 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Prepare the shader specialization state for quick binding lookups.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stages">The shader stages</param>
+        public void Prepare(CachedShaderStage[] stages)
+        {
+            _allTextures = _textureSpecialization.ToArray();
+
+            _textureByBinding = new Box<TextureSpecializationState>[stages.Length][];
+            _imageByBinding = new Box<TextureSpecializationState>[stages.Length][];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < stages.Length; i++)
+            {
+                CachedShaderStage stage = stages[i];
+                if (stage?.Info != null)
+                {
+                    var textures = stage.Info.Textures;
+                    var images = stage.Info.Images;
+
+                    var texBindings = new Box<TextureSpecializationState>[textures.Count];
+                    var imageBindings = new Box<TextureSpecializationState>[images.Count];
+
+                    int stageIndex = Math.Max(i - 1, 0); // Don't count VertexA for looking up spec state. No-Op for compute.
+
+                    for (int j = 0; j < textures.Count; j++)
+                    {
+                        var texture = textures[j];
+                        texBindings[j] = GetTextureSpecState(stageIndex, texture.HandleIndex, texture.CbufSlot);
+                    }
+
+                    for (int j = 0; j < images.Count; j++)
+                    {
+                        var image = images[j];
+                        imageBindings[j] = GetTextureSpecState(stageIndex, image.HandleIndex, image.CbufSlot);
+                    }
+
+                    _textureByBinding[i] = texBindings;
+                    _imageByBinding[i] = imageBindings;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new instance of the shader specialization state.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="state">Current 3D engine state</param>
+        /// <param name="pipelineState">Current program pipeline state</param>
+        /// <param name="descriptors">Optional transform feedback buffers in use, if any</param>
+        public ShaderSpecializationState(
+            ref GpuChannelGraphicsState state,
+            ref ProgramPipelineState pipelineState,
+            TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] descriptors) : this(ref state, descriptors)
+        {
+            PipelineState = pipelineState;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new instance of the shader specialization state.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="state">Current 3D engine state</param>
+        /// <param name="pipelineState">Current program pipeline state</param>
+        /// <param name="descriptors">Optional transform feedback buffers in use, if any</param>
+        public ShaderSpecializationState(
+            ref GpuChannelGraphicsState state,
+            ProgramPipelineState? pipelineState,
+            TransformFeedbackDescriptor[] descriptors) : this(ref state, descriptors)
+        {
+            PipelineState = pipelineState;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates that the shader accesses the early Z force state.
         /// </summary>
@@ -396,15 +481,38 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
         /// <param name="poolState">Texture pool state</param>
         /// <param name="graphicsState">Graphics state</param>
+        /// <param name="checkTextures">Indicates whether texture descriptors should be checked</param>
         /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
-        public bool MatchesGraphics(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState, GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState)
+        public bool MatchesGraphics(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState, GpuChannelGraphicsState graphicsState, bool checkTextures)
         {
             if (graphicsState.ViewportTransformDisable != GraphicsState.ViewportTransformDisable)
             {
                 return false;
             }
 
-            return Matches(channel, poolState, isCompute: false);
+            if (graphicsState.DepthMode != GraphicsState.DepthMode)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (graphicsState.AlphaTestEnable != GraphicsState.AlphaTestEnable)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (graphicsState.AlphaTestEnable &&
+                (graphicsState.AlphaTestCompare != GraphicsState.AlphaTestCompare ||
+                graphicsState.AlphaTestReference != GraphicsState.AlphaTestReference))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!graphicsState.AttributeTypes.ToSpan().SequenceEqual(GraphicsState.AttributeTypes.ToSpan()))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return Matches(channel, poolState, checkTextures, isCompute: false);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -412,10 +520,64 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
         /// <param name="poolState">Texture pool state</param>
+        /// <param name="checkTextures">Indicates whether texture descriptors should be checked</param>
         /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
-        public bool MatchesCompute(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState)
+        public bool MatchesCompute(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState, bool checkTextures)
         {
-            return Matches(channel, poolState, isCompute: true);
+            return Matches(channel, poolState, checkTextures, isCompute: true);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fetch the constant buffers used for a texture to cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
+        /// <param name="isCompute">Indicates whenever the check is requested by the 3D or compute engine</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedTextureBufferIndex">The currently cached texture buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedSamplerBufferIndex">The currently cached sampler buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedTextureBuffer">The currently cached texture buffer data</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedSamplerBuffer">The currently cached sampler buffer data</param>
+        /// <param name="cachedStageIndex">The currently cached stage</param>
+        /// <param name="textureBufferIndex">The new texture buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="samplerBufferIndex">The new sampler buffer index</param>
+        /// <param name="stageIndex">Stage index of the constant buffer</param>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private static void UpdateCachedBuffer(
+            GpuChannel channel,
+            bool isCompute,
+            ref int cachedTextureBufferIndex,
+            ref int cachedSamplerBufferIndex,
+            ref ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedTextureBuffer,
+            ref ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedSamplerBuffer,
+            ref int cachedStageIndex,
+            int textureBufferIndex,
+            int samplerBufferIndex,
+            int stageIndex)
+        {
+            bool stageChange = stageIndex != cachedStageIndex;
+
+            if (stageChange || textureBufferIndex != cachedTextureBufferIndex)
+            {
+                ref BufferBounds bounds = ref channel.BufferManager.GetUniformBufferBounds(isCompute, stageIndex, textureBufferIndex);
+
+                cachedTextureBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Address, (int)bounds.Size));
+                cachedTextureBufferIndex = textureBufferIndex;
+
+                if (samplerBufferIndex == textureBufferIndex)
+                {
+                    cachedSamplerBuffer = cachedTextureBuffer;
+                    cachedSamplerBufferIndex = samplerBufferIndex;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (stageChange || samplerBufferIndex != cachedSamplerBufferIndex)
+            {
+                ref BufferBounds bounds = ref channel.BufferManager.GetUniformBufferBounds(isCompute, stageIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
+
+                cachedSamplerBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Address, (int)bounds.Size));
+                cachedSamplerBufferIndex = samplerBufferIndex;
+            }
+
+            cachedStageIndex = stageIndex;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -423,9 +585,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel</param>
         /// <param name="poolState">Texture pool state</param>
+        /// <param name="checkTextures">Indicates whether texture descriptors should be checked</param>
         /// <param name="isCompute">Indicates whenever the check is requested by the 3D or compute engine</param>
         /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
-        private bool Matches(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState, bool isCompute)
+        private bool Matches(GpuChannel channel, GpuChannelPoolState poolState, bool checkTextures, bool isCompute)
         {
             int constantBufferUsePerStageMask = _constantBufferUsePerStage;
 
@@ -445,55 +608,60 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 constantBufferUsePerStageMask &= ~(1 << index);
             }
 
-            foreach (var kv in _textureSpecialization)
+            if (checkTextures)
             {
-                TextureKey textureKey = kv.Key;
+                TexturePool pool = channel.TextureManager.GetTexturePool(poolState.TexturePoolGpuVa, poolState.TexturePoolMaximumId);
 
-                (int textureBufferIndex, int samplerBufferIndex) = TextureHandle.UnpackSlots(textureKey.CbufSlot, poolState.TextureBufferIndex);
+                int cachedTextureBufferIndex = -1;
+                int cachedSamplerBufferIndex = -1;
+                int cachedStageIndex = -1;
+                ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedTextureBuffer = Span<int>.Empty;
+                ReadOnlySpan<int> cachedSamplerBuffer = Span<int>.Empty;
 
-                ulong textureCbAddress;
-                ulong samplerCbAddress;
-
-                if (isCompute)
+                foreach (var kv in _allTextures)
                 {
-                    textureCbAddress = channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(textureBufferIndex);
-                    samplerCbAddress = channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(samplerBufferIndex);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    textureCbAddress = channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(textureKey.StageIndex, textureBufferIndex);
-                    samplerCbAddress = channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(textureKey.StageIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
-                }
+                    TextureKey textureKey = kv.Key;
 
-                if (!channel.MemoryManager.Physical.IsMapped(textureCbAddress) || !channel.MemoryManager.Physical.IsMapped(samplerCbAddress))
-                {
-                    continue;
+                    (int textureBufferIndex, int samplerBufferIndex) = TextureHandle.UnpackSlots(textureKey.CbufSlot, poolState.TextureBufferIndex);
+
+                    UpdateCachedBuffer(channel,
+                        isCompute,
+                        ref cachedTextureBufferIndex,
+                        ref cachedSamplerBufferIndex,
+                        ref cachedTextureBuffer,
+                        ref cachedSamplerBuffer,
+                        ref cachedStageIndex,
+                        textureBufferIndex,
+                        samplerBufferIndex,
+                        textureKey.StageIndex);
+
+                    int packedId = TextureHandle.ReadPackedId(textureKey.Handle, cachedTextureBuffer, cachedSamplerBuffer);
+
+                    int textureId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
+
+                    ref readonly Image.TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref pool.GetDescriptorRef(textureId);
+
+                    if (!MatchesTexture(kv.Value, descriptor))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
                 }
+            }
 
-                Image.TextureDescriptor descriptor;
-
-                if (isCompute)
-                {
-                    descriptor = channel.TextureManager.GetComputeTextureDescriptor(
-                        poolState.TexturePoolGpuVa,
-                        poolState.TextureBufferIndex,
-                        poolState.TexturePoolMaximumId,
-                        textureKey.Handle,
-                        textureKey.CbufSlot);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    descriptor = channel.TextureManager.GetGraphicsTextureDescriptor(
-                        poolState.TexturePoolGpuVa,
-                        poolState.TextureBufferIndex,
-                        poolState.TexturePoolMaximumId,
-                        textureKey.StageIndex,
-                        textureKey.Handle,
-                        textureKey.CbufSlot);
-                }
-
-                Box<TextureSpecializationState> specializationState = kv.Value;
+            return true;
+        }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the recorded texture state matches the given texture descriptor.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="specializationState">Texture specialization state</param>
+        /// <param name="descriptor">Texture descriptor</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private bool MatchesTexture(Box<TextureSpecializationState> specializationState, in Image.TextureDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            if (specializationState != null)
+            {
                 if (specializationState.Value.QueriedFlags.HasFlag(QueriedTextureStateFlags.CoordNormalized) &&
                     specializationState.Value.CoordNormalized != descriptor.UnpackTextureCoordNormalized())
                 {
@@ -504,6 +672,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             return true;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the recorded texture state for a given texture binding matches a texture descriptor.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stage">The shader stage</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The texture index</param>
+        /// <param name="descriptor">Texture descriptor</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool MatchesTexture(ShaderStage stage, int index, in Image.TextureDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            Box<TextureSpecializationState> specializationState = _textureByBinding[(int)stage][index];
+
+            return MatchesTexture(specializationState, descriptor);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if the recorded texture state for a given image binding matches a texture descriptor.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stage">The shader stage</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The texture index</param>
+        /// <param name="descriptor">Texture descriptor</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the state matches, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool MatchesImage(ShaderStage stage, int index, in Image.TextureDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            Box<TextureSpecializationState> specializationState = _imageByBinding[(int)stage][index];
+
+            return MatchesTexture(specializationState, descriptor);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Reads shader specialization state that has been serialized.
         /// </summary>
@@ -536,6 +732,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 constantBufferUsePerStageMask &= ~(1 << index);
             }
 
+            bool hasPipelineState = false;
+
+            dataReader.Read(ref hasPipelineState);
+
+            if (hasPipelineState)
+            {
+                ProgramPipelineState pipelineState = default;
+                dataReader.ReadWithMagicAndSize(ref pipelineState, PgpsMagic);
+                specState.PipelineState = pipelineState;
+            }
+
             if (specState._queriedState.HasFlag(QueriedStateFlags.TransformFeedback))
             {
                 ushort tfCount = 0;
@@ -594,6 +801,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 constantBufferUsePerStageMask &= ~(1 << index);
             }
 
+            bool hasPipelineState = PipelineState.HasValue;
+
+            dataWriter.Write(ref hasPipelineState);
+
+            if (hasPipelineState)
+            {
+                ProgramPipelineState pipelineState = PipelineState.Value;
+                dataWriter.WriteWithMagicAndSize(ref pipelineState, PgpsMagic);
+            }
+
             if (_queriedState.HasFlag(QueriedStateFlags.TransformFeedback))
             {
                 ushort tfCount = (ushort)TransformFeedbackDescriptors.Length;

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/BackgroundContextWorker.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading;

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/FormatTable.cs

@@ -88,16 +88,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             Add(Format.Bc3Srgb,             new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgbAlphaS3tcDxt5Ext));
             Add(Format.Bc4Unorm,            new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRedRgtc1));
             Add(Format.Bc4Snorm,            new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedSignedRedRgtc1));
-            Add(Format.Bc5Unorm,            new FormatInfo(2, true,  false, All.CompressedRgRgtc2));
-            Add(Format.Bc5Snorm,            new FormatInfo(2, true,  false, All.CompressedSignedRgRgtc2));
-            Add(Format.Bc7Unorm,            new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaBptcUnorm));
-            Add(Format.Bc7Srgb,             new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgbAlphaBptcUnorm));
-            Add(Format.Bc6HSfloat,          new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedRgbBptcSignedFloat));
-            Add(Format.Bc6HUfloat,          new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedRgbBptcUnsignedFloat));
-            Add(Format.Etc2RgbUnorm,        new FormatInfo(3, false, false, All.CompressedRgb8Etc2));
-            Add(Format.Etc2RgbaUnorm,       new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedRgba8Etc2Eac));
-            Add(Format.Etc2RgbSrgb,         new FormatInfo(3, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Etc2));
-            Add(Format.Etc2RgbaSrgb,        new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Etc2Eac));
+            Add(Format.Bc5Unorm,            new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgRgtc2));
+            Add(Format.Bc5Snorm,            new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedSignedRgRgtc2));
+            Add(Format.Bc7Unorm,            new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaBptcUnorm));
+            Add(Format.Bc7Srgb,             new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgbAlphaBptcUnorm));
+            Add(Format.Bc6HSfloat,          new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedRgbBptcSignedFloat));
+            Add(Format.Bc6HUfloat,          new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedRgbBptcUnsignedFloat));
+            Add(Format.Etc2RgbaUnorm,       new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedRgba8Etc2Eac));
+            Add(Format.Etc2RgbaSrgb,        new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Etc2Eac));
             Add(Format.R8Uscaled,           new FormatInfo(1, false, true,  All.R8ui,              PixelFormat.RedInteger,     PixelType.UnsignedByte));
             Add(Format.R8Sscaled,           new FormatInfo(1, false, true,  All.R8i,               PixelFormat.RedInteger,     PixelType.Byte));
             Add(Format.R16Uscaled,          new FormatInfo(1, false, true,  All.R16ui,             PixelFormat.RedInteger,     PixelType.UnsignedShort));
@@ -138,34 +136,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             Add(Format.R32G32B32X32Float,   new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.Rgb32f,            PixelFormat.Rgba,           PixelType.Float));
             Add(Format.R32G32B32X32Uint,    new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.Rgb32ui,           PixelFormat.RgbaInteger,    PixelType.UnsignedInt));
             Add(Format.R32G32B32X32Sint,    new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.Rgb32i,            PixelFormat.RgbaInteger,    PixelType.Int));
-            Add(Format.Astc4x4Unorm,        new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc4X4Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc5x4Unorm,        new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc5X4Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc5x5Unorm,        new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc5X5Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc6x5Unorm,        new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc6X5Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc6x6Unorm,        new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc6X6Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc8x5Unorm,        new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc8X5Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc8x6Unorm,        new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc8X6Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc8x8Unorm,        new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc8X8Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc10x5Unorm,       new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc10X5Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc10x6Unorm,       new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc10X6Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc10x8Unorm,       new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc10X8Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc10x10Unorm,      new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc10X10Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc12x10Unorm,      new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc12X10Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc12x12Unorm,      new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc12X12Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc4x4Srgb,         new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc4X4Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc5x4Srgb,         new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc5X4Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc5x5Srgb,         new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc5X5Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc6x5Srgb,         new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc6X5Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc6x6Srgb,         new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc6X6Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc8x5Srgb,         new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc8X5Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc8x6Srgb,         new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc8X6Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc8x8Srgb,         new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc8X8Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc10x5Srgb,        new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc10X5Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc10x6Srgb,        new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc10X6Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc10x8Srgb,        new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc10X8Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc10x10Srgb,       new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc10X10Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc12x10Srgb,       new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc12X10Khr));
-            Add(Format.Astc12x12Srgb,       new FormatInfo(4, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc12X12Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc4x4Unorm,        new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc4X4Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc5x4Unorm,        new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc5X4Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc5x5Unorm,        new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc5X5Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc6x5Unorm,        new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc6X5Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc6x6Unorm,        new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc6X6Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc8x5Unorm,        new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc8X5Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc8x6Unorm,        new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc8X6Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc8x8Unorm,        new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc8X8Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc10x5Unorm,       new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc10X5Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc10x6Unorm,       new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc10X6Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc10x8Unorm,       new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc10X8Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc10x10Unorm,      new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc10X10Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc12x10Unorm,      new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc12X10Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc12x12Unorm,      new FormatInfo(1, true,  false, All.CompressedRgbaAstc12X12Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc4x4Srgb,         new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc4X4Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc5x4Srgb,         new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc5X4Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc5x5Srgb,         new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc5X5Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc6x5Srgb,         new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc6X5Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc6x6Srgb,         new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc6X6Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc8x5Srgb,         new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc8X5Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc8x6Srgb,         new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc8X6Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc8x8Srgb,         new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc8X8Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc10x5Srgb,        new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc10X5Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc10x6Srgb,        new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc10X6Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc10x8Srgb,        new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc10X8Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc10x10Srgb,       new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc10X10Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc12x10Srgb,       new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc12X10Khr));
+            Add(Format.Astc12x12Srgb,       new FormatInfo(1, false, false, All.CompressedSrgb8Alpha8Astc12X12Khr));
             Add(Format.B5G6R5Unorm,         new FormatInfo(3, true,  false, All.Rgb565,            PixelFormat.Rgb,            PixelType.UnsignedShort565Reversed));
             Add(Format.B5G5R5X1Unorm,       new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.Rgb5,              PixelFormat.Rgba,           PixelType.UnsignedShort1555Reversed));
             Add(Format.B5G5R5A1Unorm,       new FormatInfo(4, true,  false, All.Rgb5A1,            PixelFormat.Rgba,           PixelType.UnsignedShort1555Reversed));

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Framebuffer.cs

@@ -9,10 +9,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
     class Framebuffer : IDisposable
     {
         public int Handle { get; private set; }
+        private int _clearFbHandle;
+        private bool _clearFbInitialized;
 
         private FramebufferAttachment _lastDsAttachment;
 
         private readonly TextureView[] _colors;
+        private TextureView _depthStencil;
 
         private int _colorsCount;
         private bool _dualSourceBlend;
@@ -20,6 +23,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
         public Framebuffer()
         {
             Handle = GL.GenFramebuffer();
+            _clearFbHandle = GL.GenFramebuffer();
 
             _colors = new TextureView[8];
         }
@@ -55,20 +59,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
 
             if (depthStencil != null)
             {
-                FramebufferAttachment attachment;
-
-                if (IsPackedDepthStencilFormat(depthStencil.Format))
-                {
-                    attachment = FramebufferAttachment.DepthStencilAttachment;
-                }
-                else if (IsDepthOnlyFormat(depthStencil.Format))
-                {
-                    attachment = FramebufferAttachment.DepthAttachment;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    attachment = FramebufferAttachment.StencilAttachment;
-                }
+                FramebufferAttachment attachment = GetAttachment(depthStencil.Format);
 
                 GL.FramebufferTexture(
                     FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer,
@@ -82,6 +73,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             {
                 _lastDsAttachment = 0;
             }
+
+            _depthStencil = depthStencil;
         }
 
         public void SetDualSourceBlend(bool enable)
@@ -124,6 +117,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             GL.DrawBuffers(colorsCount, drawBuffers);
         }
 
+        private static FramebufferAttachment GetAttachment(Format format)
+        {
+            if (IsPackedDepthStencilFormat(format))
+            {
+                return FramebufferAttachment.DepthStencilAttachment;
+            }
+            else if (IsDepthOnlyFormat(format))
+            {
+                return FramebufferAttachment.DepthAttachment;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return FramebufferAttachment.StencilAttachment;
+            }
+        }
+
         private static bool IsPackedDepthStencilFormat(Format format)
         {
             return format == Format.D24UnormS8Uint ||
@@ -136,6 +145,78 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             return format == Format.D16Unorm || format == Format.D32Float;
         }
 
+        public void AttachColorLayerForClear(int index, int layer)
+        {
+            TextureView color = _colors[index];
+
+            if (!IsLayered(color))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            BindClearFb();
+            GL.FramebufferTextureLayer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, FramebufferAttachment.ColorAttachment0 + index, color.Handle, 0, layer);
+        }
+
+        public void DetachColorLayerForClear(int index)
+        {
+            TextureView color = _colors[index];
+
+            if (!IsLayered(color))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            GL.FramebufferTexture(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, FramebufferAttachment.ColorAttachment0 + index, 0, 0);
+            Bind();
+        }
+
+        public void AttachDepthStencilLayerForClear(int layer)
+        {
+            TextureView depthStencil = _depthStencil;
+
+            if (!IsLayered(depthStencil))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            BindClearFb();
+            GL.FramebufferTextureLayer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, GetAttachment(depthStencil.Format), depthStencil.Handle, 0, layer);
+        }
+
+        public void DetachDepthStencilLayerForClear()
+        {
+            TextureView depthStencil = _depthStencil;
+
+            if (!IsLayered(depthStencil))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            GL.FramebufferTexture(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, GetAttachment(depthStencil.Format), 0, 0);
+            Bind();
+        }
+
+        private void BindClearFb()
+        {
+            GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, _clearFbHandle);
+
+            if (!_clearFbInitialized)
+            {
+                SetDrawBuffersImpl(Constants.MaxRenderTargets);
+                _clearFbInitialized = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsLayered(TextureView view)
+        {
+            return view != null &&
+                   view.Target != Target.Texture1D &&
+                   view.Target != Target.Texture2D &&
+                   view.Target != Target.Texture2DMultisample &&
+                   view.Target != Target.TextureBuffer;
+        }
+
         public void Dispose()
         {
             if (Handle != 0)
@@ -144,6 +225,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
 
                 Handle = 0;
             }
+
+            if (_clearFbHandle != 0)
+            {
+                GL.DeleteFramebuffer(_clearFbHandle);
+
+                _clearFbHandle = 0;
+            }
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/HwCapabilities.cs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
         private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsDrawTexture               = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_NV_draw_texture"));
         private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsFragmentShaderInterlock   = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_ARB_fragment_shader_interlock"));
         private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsFragmentShaderOrdering    = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_INTEL_fragment_shader_ordering"));
+        private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_NV_geometry_shader_passthrough"));
         private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsImageLoadFormatted        = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_EXT_shader_image_load_formatted"));
         private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsIndirectParameters        = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_ARB_indirect_parameters"));
         private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsParallelShaderCompile     = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_ARB_parallel_shader_compile"));
@@ -16,6 +17,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
         private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsQuads                     = new Lazy<bool>(SupportsQuadsCheck);
         private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsSeamlessCubemapPerTexture = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_ARB_seamless_cubemap_per_texture"));
         private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsShaderBallot              = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_ARB_shader_ballot"));
+        private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsTextureCompressionBptc    = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_EXT_texture_compression_bptc"));
+        private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsTextureCompressionRgtc    = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_EXT_texture_compression_rgtc"));
+        private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsTextureCompressionS3tc    = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc"));
         private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsTextureShadowLod          = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_EXT_texture_shadow_lod"));
         private static readonly Lazy<bool> _supportsViewportSwizzle           = new Lazy<bool>(() => HasExtension("GL_NV_viewport_swizzle"));
 
@@ -47,6 +51,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
         public static bool SupportsDrawTexture               => _supportsDrawTexture.Value;
         public static bool SupportsFragmentShaderInterlock   => _supportsFragmentShaderInterlock.Value;
         public static bool SupportsFragmentShaderOrdering    => _supportsFragmentShaderOrdering.Value;
+        public static bool SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough => _supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough.Value;
         public static bool SupportsImageLoadFormatted        => _supportsImageLoadFormatted.Value;
         public static bool SupportsIndirectParameters        => _supportsIndirectParameters.Value;
         public static bool SupportsParallelShaderCompile     => _supportsParallelShaderCompile.Value;
@@ -54,6 +59,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
         public static bool SupportsQuads                     => _supportsQuads.Value;
         public static bool SupportsSeamlessCubemapPerTexture => _supportsSeamlessCubemapPerTexture.Value;
         public static bool SupportsShaderBallot              => _supportsShaderBallot.Value;
+        public static bool SupportsTextureCompressionBptc    => _supportsTextureCompressionBptc.Value;
+        public static bool SupportsTextureCompressionRgtc    => _supportsTextureCompressionRgtc.Value;
+        public static bool SupportsTextureCompressionS3tc    => _supportsTextureCompressionS3tc.Value;
         public static bool SupportsTextureShadowLod          => _supportsTextureShadowLod.Value;
         public static bool SupportsViewportSwizzle           => _supportsViewportSwizzle.Value;
 

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Pipeline.cs

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
         private CounterQueueEvent _activeConditionalRender;
 
         private Vector4<int>[] _fpIsBgra = new Vector4<int>[SupportBuffer.FragmentIsBgraCount];
-        private Vector4<float>[] _renderScale = new Vector4<float>[65];
+        private Vector4<float>[] _renderScale = new Vector4<float>[73];
         private int _fragmentScaleCount;
 
         private TextureBase _unit0Texture;
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             Buffer.Clear(destination, offset, size, value);
         }
 
-        public void ClearRenderTargetColor(int index, uint componentMask, ColorF color)
+        public void ClearRenderTargetColor(int index, int layer, uint componentMask, ColorF color)
         {
             GL.ColorMask(
                 index,
@@ -119,14 +119,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                 (componentMask & 4) != 0,
                 (componentMask & 8) != 0);
 
+            _framebuffer.AttachColorLayerForClear(index, layer);
+
             float[] colors = new float[] { color.Red, color.Green, color.Blue, color.Alpha };
 
             GL.ClearBuffer(OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL.ClearBuffer.Color, index, colors);
 
+            _framebuffer.DetachColorLayerForClear(index);
+
             RestoreComponentMask(index);
         }
 
-        public void ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(float depthValue, bool depthMask, int stencilValue, int stencilMask)
+        public void ClearRenderTargetDepthStencil(int layer, float depthValue, bool depthMask, int stencilValue, int stencilMask)
         {
             bool stencilMaskChanged =
                 stencilMask != 0 &&
@@ -144,6 +148,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                 GL.DepthMask(depthMask);
             }
 
+            _framebuffer.AttachDepthStencilLayerForClear(layer);
+
             if (depthMask && stencilMask != 0)
             {
                 GL.ClearBuffer(ClearBufferCombined.DepthStencil, 0, depthValue, stencilValue);
@@ -157,6 +163,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                 GL.ClearBuffer(OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL.ClearBuffer.Stencil, 0, ref stencilValue);
             }
 
+            _framebuffer.DetachDepthStencilLayerForClear();
+
             if (stencilMaskChanged)
             {
                 GL.StencilMaskSeparate(StencilFace.Front, _stencilFrontMask);
@@ -597,6 +605,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                         GL.EndTransformFeedback();
                     }
 
+                    GL.ClipControl(ClipOrigin.UpperLeft, ClipDepthMode.NegativeOneToOne);
+
                     _drawTexture.Draw(
                         view,
                         samp,
@@ -627,6 +637,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                     {
                         GL.BeginTransformFeedback(_tfTopology);
                     }
+
+                    RestoreClipControl();
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1094,45 +1106,45 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             _framebuffer.SetDrawBuffers(colors.Length);
         }
 
-        public void SetSampler(int binding, ISampler sampler)
+        public unsafe void SetScissors(ReadOnlySpan<Rectangle<int>> regions)
         {
-            if (sampler == null)
+            int count = Math.Min(regions.Length, Constants.MaxViewports);
+
+            int* v = stackalloc int[count * 4];
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < count; index++)
             {
-                return;
-            }
+                int vIndex = index * 4;
 
-            Sampler samp = (Sampler)sampler;
+                var region = regions[index];
 
-            if (binding == 0)
-            {
-                _unit0Sampler = samp;
-            }
+                bool enabled = (region.X | region.Y) != 0 || region.Width != 0xffff || region.Height != 0xffff;
+                uint mask = 1u << index;
 
-            samp.Bind(binding);
-        }
-
-        public void SetScissor(int index, bool enable, int x, int y, int width, int height)
-        {
-            uint mask = 1u << index;
-
-            if (!enable)
-            {
-                if ((_scissorEnables & mask) != 0)
+                if (enabled)
                 {
-                    _scissorEnables &= ~mask;
-                    GL.Disable(IndexedEnableCap.ScissorTest, index);
+                    v[vIndex] = region.X;
+                    v[vIndex + 1] = region.Y;
+                    v[vIndex + 2] = region.Width;
+                    v[vIndex + 3] = region.Height;
+
+                    if ((_scissorEnables & mask) == 0)
+                    {
+                        _scissorEnables |= mask;
+                        GL.Enable(IndexedEnableCap.ScissorTest, index);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if ((_scissorEnables & mask) != 0)
+                    {
+                        _scissorEnables &= ~mask;
+                        GL.Disable(IndexedEnableCap.ScissorTest, index);
+                    }
                 }
-
-                return;
             }
 
-            if ((_scissorEnables & mask) == 0)
-            {
-                _scissorEnables |= mask;
-                GL.Enable(IndexedEnableCap.ScissorTest, index);
-            }
-
-            GL.ScissorIndexed(index, x, y, width, height);
+            GL.ScissorArray(0, count, v);
         }
 
         public void SetStencilTest(StencilTestDescriptor stencilTest)
@@ -1183,23 +1195,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             SetBuffers(first, buffers, isStorage: true);
         }
 
-        public void SetTexture(int binding, ITexture texture)
+        public void SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture texture, ISampler sampler)
         {
-            if (texture == null)
+            if (texture != null)
             {
-                return;
+                if (binding == 0)
+                {
+                    _unit0Texture = (TextureBase)texture;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ((TextureBase)texture).Bind(binding);
+                }
             }
 
+            Sampler glSampler = (Sampler)sampler;
+
+            glSampler?.Bind(binding);
+
             if (binding == 0)
             {
-                _unit0Texture = (TextureBase)texture;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ((TextureBase)texture).Bind(binding);
+                _unit0Sampler = glSampler;
             }
         }
 
+
         public void SetTransformFeedbackBuffers(ReadOnlySpan<BufferRange> buffers)
         {
             if (_tfEnabled)

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Queries/CounterQueueEvent.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
-using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using System;
 using System.Threading;

Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Renderer.cs

@@ -87,6 +87,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             Buffer.Delete(buffer);
         }
 
+        public HardwareInfo GetHardwareInfo()
+        {
+            return new HardwareInfo(GpuVendor, GpuRenderer);
+        }
+
         public ReadOnlySpan<byte> GetBufferData(BufferHandle buffer, int offset, int size)
         {
             return Buffer.GetData(this, buffer, offset, size);
@@ -100,11 +105,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                 hasFrontFacingBug: HwCapabilities.Vendor == HwCapabilities.GpuVendor.IntelWindows,
                 hasVectorIndexingBug: HwCapabilities.Vendor == HwCapabilities.GpuVendor.AmdWindows,
                 supportsAstcCompression: HwCapabilities.SupportsAstcCompression,
+                supportsBc123Compression: HwCapabilities.SupportsTextureCompressionS3tc,
+                supportsBc45Compression: HwCapabilities.SupportsTextureCompressionRgtc,
+                supportsBc67Compression: true, // Should check BPTC extension, but for some reason NVIDIA is not exposing the extension.
                 supports3DTextureCompression: false,
                 supportsBgraFormat: false,
                 supportsR4G4Format: false,
                 supportsFragmentShaderInterlock: HwCapabilities.SupportsFragmentShaderInterlock,
                 supportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel: HwCapabilities.SupportsFragmentShaderOrdering,
+                supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough: HwCapabilities.SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough,
                 supportsImageLoadFormatted: HwCapabilities.SupportsImageLoadFormatted,
                 supportsMismatchingViewFormat: HwCapabilities.SupportsMismatchingViewFormat,
                 supportsNonConstantTextureOffset: HwCapabilities.SupportsNonConstantTextureOffset,
@@ -112,6 +121,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                 supportsTextureShadowLod: HwCapabilities.SupportsTextureShadowLod,
                 supportsViewportSwizzle: HwCapabilities.SupportsViewportSwizzle,
                 supportsIndirectParameters: HwCapabilities.SupportsIndirectParameters,
+                maximumUniformBuffersPerStage: 13, // TODO: Avoid hardcoding those limits here and get from driver?
+                maximumStorageBuffersPerStage: 16,
+                maximumTexturesPerStage: 32,
+                maximumImagesPerStage: 8,
                 maximumComputeSharedMemorySize: HwCapabilities.MaximumComputeSharedMemorySize,
                 maximumSupportedAnisotropy: HwCapabilities.MaximumSupportedAnisotropy,
                 storageBufferOffsetAlignment: HwCapabilities.StorageBufferOffsetAlignment);

Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/AlphaTestOp.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
+{
+    public enum AlphaTestOp
+    {
+        Never = 1,
+        Less,
+        Equal,
+        LessOrEqual,
+        Greater,
+        NotEqual,
+        GreaterOrEqual,
+        Always
+    }
+}