Add support for avalonia (#6)

* add avalonia support

* only lock around skia flush

* addressed review

* cleanup

* add fallback size if avalonia attempts to render but the window size is 0. read desktop scale after enabling dpi check

* fix getting window handle on linux. skip render is size is 0

Ryujinx.Ava/AppHost.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Translation;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC;
+using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.Input;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
 using LibHac.Tools.FsSystem;
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Ava.Common.Locale;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Input;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Models;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows;
 using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
@@ -22,6 +24,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.FileSystem;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Account.Acc;
@@ -590,7 +593,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
         {
             VirtualFileSystem.ReloadKeySet();
 
-            IRenderer renderer = new Renderer();
+            IRenderer renderer;
+
+            if (Program.UseVulkan)
+            {
+                var vulkan = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<VulkanPlatformInterface>();
+                renderer = new VulkanGraphicsDevice(vulkan.Instance.InternalHandle,
+                    vulkan.Device.InternalHandle,
+                    vulkan.PhysicalDevice.InternalHandle,
+                    vulkan.Device.Queue.InternalHandle,
+                    vulkan.PhysicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex,
+                    vulkan.Device.Lock);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                renderer = new Renderer();
+            }
+
             IHardwareDeviceDriver deviceDriver = new DummyHardwareDeviceDriver();
 
             BackendThreading threadingMode = ConfigurationState.Instance.Graphics.BackendThreading;
@@ -800,9 +819,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 
             _renderer.ScreenCaptured += Renderer_ScreenCaptured;
 
-            (_renderer as Renderer).InitializeBackgroundContext(SPBOpenGLContext.CreateBackgroundContext(Renderer.GameContext));
+            if (!Program.UseVulkan)
+            {
+                (_renderer as Renderer).InitializeBackgroundContext(SPBOpenGLContext.CreateBackgroundContext((Renderer as OpenGLRendererControl).GameContext));
 
-            Renderer.MakeCurrent();
+                Renderer.MakeCurrent();
+            }
 
             Device.Gpu.Renderer.Initialize(_glLogLevel);
 
@@ -861,8 +883,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 dockedMode += $" ({scale}x)";
             }
 
-            string vendor = _renderer is Renderer renderer ? renderer.GpuVendor : "";
-
             StatusUpdatedEvent?.Invoke(this, new StatusUpdatedEventArgs(
                 Device.EnableDeviceVsync,
                 Device.GetVolume(),
@@ -870,7 +890,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 ConfigurationState.Instance.Graphics.AspectRatio.Value.ToText(),
                 LocaleManager.Instance["Game"] + $": {Device.Statistics.GetGameFrameRate():00.00} FPS ({Device.Statistics.GetGameFrameTime():00.00} ms)",
                 $"FIFO: {Device.Statistics.GetFifoPercent():00.00} %",
-                $"GPU: {vendor}"));
+                $"GPU: {_renderer.GetHardwareInfo().GpuVendor}"));
 
             Renderer.Present(image);
         }

Ryujinx.Ava/Program.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.OpenGL;
 using Avalonia.Rendering;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows;
 using Ryujinx.Common;
@@ -11,9 +12,12 @@ using Ryujinx.Common.GraphicsDriver;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Common.System;
 using Ryujinx.Common.SystemInfo;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan;
 using Ryujinx.Modules;
 using Ryujinx.Ui.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Ui.Common.Configuration;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
@@ -25,17 +29,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
     internal class Program
     {
         public static double WindowScaleFactor { get; set; }
+        public static double ActualScaleFactor { get; set; }
         public static string Version { get; private set; }
         public static string ConfigurationPath { get; private set; }
         public static string CommandLineProfile { get; set; }
         public static bool PreviewerDetached { get; private set; }
 
         public static RenderTimer RenderTimer { get; private set; }
+        public static bool UseVulkan { get; private set; }
 
         [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
         public static extern int MessageBoxA(IntPtr hWnd, string text, string caption, uint type);
 
         private const uint MB_ICONWARNING = 0x30;
+        private const int BaseDpi = 96;
 
         public static void Main(string[] args)
         {
@@ -66,7 +73,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                     EnableMultiTouch = true,
                     EnableIme = true,
                     UseEGL = false,
-                    UseGpu = true,
+                    UseGpu = !UseVulkan,
                     GlProfiles = new List<GlVersion>()
                     {
                         new GlVersion(GlProfileType.OpenGL, 4, 3)
@@ -75,7 +82,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 .With(new Win32PlatformOptions
                 {
                     EnableMultitouch = true,
-                    UseWgl = true,
+                    UseWgl = !UseVulkan,
                     WglProfiles = new List<GlVersion>()
                     {
                         new GlVersion(GlProfileType.OpenGL, 4, 3)
@@ -84,6 +91,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                     CompositionBackdropCornerRadius = 8f,
                 })
                 .UseSkia()
+                .With(new Ui.Vulkan.VulkanOptions()
+                {
+                    ApplicationName = "Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan",
+                    VulkanVersion = new Version(1, 2),
+                    MaxQueueCount = 2,
+                    PreferDiscreteGpu = true,
+                    UseDebug = !PreviewerDetached ? false : ConfigurationState.Instance.Logger.GraphicsDebugLevel.Value != GraphicsDebugLevel.None,
+                })
+                .With(new SkiaOptions()
+                {
+                    CustomGpuFactory = UseVulkan ? SkiaGpuFactory.CreateVulkanGpu : null
+                })
                 .AfterSetup(_ =>
                 {
                     AvaloniaLocator.CurrentMutable
@@ -136,9 +155,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
                 }
             }
 
-            // Make process DPI aware for proper window sizing on high-res screens.
-            WindowScaleFactor = ForceDpiAware.GetWindowScaleFactor();
-
             // Delete backup files after updating.
             Task.Run(Updater.CleanupUpdate);
 
@@ -162,6 +178,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
 
             ReloadConfig();
 
+            UseVulkan = PreviewerDetached ? ConfigurationState.Instance.Graphics.GraphicsBackend.Value == GraphicsBackend.Vulkan : false;
+
+            if (UseVulkan)
+            {
+                // With a custom gpu backend, avalonia doesn't enable dpi awareness, so the backend must handle it. This isn't so for the opengl backed,
+                // as that uses avalonia's gpu backend and it's enabled there.
+                ForceDpiAware.Windows();
+            }
+
+            WindowScaleFactor = ForceDpiAware.GetWindowScaleFactor();
+            ActualScaleFactor = ForceDpiAware.GetActualScaleFactor() / BaseDpi;
+
             // Logging system information.
             PrintSystemInfo();
 

Ryujinx.Ava/Ryujinx.Ava.csproj

@@ -28,10 +28,13 @@
     <PackageReference Include="jp2masa.Avalonia.Flexbox" Version="0.2.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="DynamicData" Version="7.7.14" />
     <PackageReference Include="FluentAvaloniaUI" Version="1.3.4" />
+    <PackageReference Include="OpenTK.Core" Version="4.7.2" />
 
     <PackageReference Include="Ryujinx.Audio.OpenAL.Dependencies" Version="1.21.0.1" Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'linux-x64' AND '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'osx-x64'" />
     <PackageReference Include="Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.Dependencies" Version="4.4.0-build9" Condition="'$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'linux-x64' AND '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' != 'osx-x64'" />
-    <PackageReference Include="OpenTK.Graphics" Version="4.7.2" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" Version="2.10.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT" Version="2.10.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR" Version="2.10.1" />
     <PackageReference Include="SPB" Version="0.0.4-build17" />
     <PackageReference Include="SharpZipLib" Version="1.3.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="SixLabors.ImageSharp" Version="1.0.4" />
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2\Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan\Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Input\Ryujinx.Input.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Input.SDL2\Ryujinx.Input.SDL2.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.OpenAL\Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.OpenAL.csproj" />

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Applet/AvaloniaDynamicTextInputHandler.cs

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Applet
             Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
             {
                 _hiddenTextBox.Clear();
-                _parent.GlRenderer.Focus();
+                _parent.RendererControl.Focus();
 
                 _parent = null;
             });

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/BackendSurface.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using static Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend.Interop;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend
+{
+    public abstract class BackendSurface : IDisposable
+    {
+        protected IntPtr Display => _display;
+
+        private IntPtr _display = IntPtr.Zero;
+
+        [DllImport("libX11.so.6")]
+        public static extern IntPtr XOpenDisplay(IntPtr display);
+
+        [DllImport("libX11.so.6")]
+        public static extern int XCloseDisplay(IntPtr display);
+
+        private PixelSize _currentSize;
+        public IntPtr Handle { get; protected set; }
+
+        public bool IsDisposed { get; private set; }
+
+        public BackendSurface(IntPtr handle)
+        {
+            Handle = handle;
+
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+            {
+                _display = XOpenDisplay(IntPtr.Zero);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PixelSize Size
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                PixelSize size = new PixelSize();
+                if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+                {
+                    GetClientRect(Handle, out var rect);
+                    size = new PixelSize(rect.right, rect.bottom);
+                }
+                else if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+                {
+                    XWindowAttributes attributes = new XWindowAttributes();
+                    XGetWindowAttributes(Display, Handle, ref attributes);
+
+                    size = new PixelSize(attributes.width, attributes.height);
+                }
+
+                _currentSize = size;
+
+                return size;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PixelSize CurrentSize => _currentSize;
+
+        public virtual void Dispose()
+        {
+            IsDisposed = true;
+
+            if (_display != IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                XCloseDisplay(_display);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Interop.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+using FluentAvalonia.Interop;
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend
+{
+    public static class Interop
+    {
+        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+        public struct XWindowAttributes
+        {
+            public int x;
+            public int y;
+            public int width;
+            public int height;
+            public int border_width;
+            public int depth;
+            public IntPtr visual;
+            public IntPtr root;
+            public int c_class;
+            public int bit_gravity;
+            public int win_gravity;
+            public int backing_store;
+            public IntPtr backing_planes;
+            public IntPtr backing_pixel;
+            public int save_under;
+            public IntPtr colormap;
+            public int map_installed;
+            public int map_state;
+            public IntPtr all_event_masks;
+            public IntPtr your_event_mask;
+            public IntPtr do_not_propagate_mask;
+            public int override_direct;
+            public IntPtr screen;
+        }
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
+        public static extern bool GetClientRect(IntPtr hwnd, out RECT lpRect);
+
+        [DllImport("libX11.so.6")]
+        public static extern int XCloseDisplay(IntPtr display);
+
+        [DllImport("libX11.so.6")]
+        public static extern int XGetWindowAttributes(IntPtr display, IntPtr window, ref XWindowAttributes attributes);
+
+        [DllImport("libX11.so.6")]
+        public static extern IntPtr XOpenDisplay(IntPtr display);
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/SkiaGpuFactory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Skia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend
+{
+    public static class SkiaGpuFactory
+    {
+        public static ISkiaGpu CreateVulkanGpu()
+        {
+            var skiaOptions = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<SkiaOptions>() ?? new SkiaOptions();
+            var platformInterface = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<VulkanPlatformInterface>();
+            if (platformInterface == null)
+            {
+                VulkanPlatformInterface.TryInitialize();
+            }
+            var gpu = new VulkanSkiaGpu(skiaOptions.MaxGpuResourceSizeBytes);
+            AvaloniaLocator.CurrentMutable.Bind<VulkanSkiaGpu>().ToConstant(gpu);
+            return gpu;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/ResultExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+using System;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    public static class ResultExtensions
+    {
+        public static void ThrowOnError(this Result result)
+        {
+            if (result != Result.Success) throw new Exception($"Unexpected API error \"{result}\".");
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/Skia/VulkanRenderTarget.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia.Skia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces;
+using SkiaSharp;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanRenderTarget : ISkiaGpuRenderTarget
+    {
+        public GRContext GrContext { get; set; }
+        
+        private readonly VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget _surface;
+        private readonly IVulkanPlatformSurface _vulkanPlatformSurface;
+
+        public VulkanRenderTarget(VulkanPlatformInterface vulkanPlatformInterface,
+            IVulkanPlatformSurface vulkanPlatformSurface)
+        {
+            _surface = vulkanPlatformInterface.CreateRenderTarget(vulkanPlatformSurface);
+            _vulkanPlatformSurface = vulkanPlatformSurface;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _surface.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public ISkiaGpuRenderSession BeginRenderingSession()
+        {
+            var session = _surface.BeginDraw(_vulkanPlatformSurface.Scaling);
+            bool success = false;
+            try
+            {
+                var disp = session.Display;
+                var api = session.Api;
+
+                var size = session.Size;
+                var scaling = session.Scaling;
+                if (size.Width <= 0 || size.Height <= 0 || scaling < 0)
+                {
+                    size = new Avalonia.PixelSize(1, 1);
+                    scaling = 1;
+                }
+
+                lock (GrContext)
+                {
+                    GrContext.ResetContext();
+
+                    var imageInfo = new GRVkImageInfo()
+                    {
+                        CurrentQueueFamily = disp.QueueFamilyIndex,
+                        Format = _surface.ImageFormat,
+                        Image = _surface.Image.Handle,
+                        ImageLayout = (uint)_surface.Image.CurrentLayout,
+                        ImageTiling = (uint)_surface.Image.Tiling,
+                        ImageUsageFlags = _surface.UsageFlags,
+                        LevelCount = _surface.MipLevels,
+                        SampleCount = 1,
+                        Protected = false,
+                        Alloc = new GRVkAlloc()
+                        {
+                            Memory = _surface.Image.MemoryHandle,
+                            Flags = 0,
+                            Offset = 0,
+                            Size = _surface.MemorySize
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    var renderTarget =
+                        new GRBackendRenderTarget((int)size.Width, (int)size.Height, 1,
+                            imageInfo);
+                    var surface = SKSurface.Create(GrContext, renderTarget,
+                        session.IsYFlipped ? GRSurfaceOrigin.TopLeft : GRSurfaceOrigin.BottomLeft,
+                        _surface.IsRgba ? SKColorType.Rgba8888 : SKColorType.Bgra8888, SKColorSpace.CreateSrgb());
+
+                    if (surface == null)
+                    {
+                        throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                            "Surface can't be created with the provided render target");
+                    }
+
+                    success = true;
+
+                    return new VulkanGpuSession(GrContext, renderTarget, surface, session);
+                }
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                if (!success)
+                    session.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool IsCorrupted { get; }
+
+        internal class VulkanGpuSession : ISkiaGpuRenderSession
+        {
+            private readonly GRBackendRenderTarget _backendRenderTarget;
+            private readonly VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession _vulkanSession;
+
+            public VulkanGpuSession(GRContext grContext,
+                GRBackendRenderTarget backendRenderTarget,
+                SKSurface surface,
+                VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession vulkanSession)
+            {
+                GrContext = grContext;
+                _backendRenderTarget = backendRenderTarget;
+                SkSurface = surface;
+                _vulkanSession = vulkanSession;
+
+                SurfaceOrigin = vulkanSession.IsYFlipped ? GRSurfaceOrigin.TopLeft : GRSurfaceOrigin.BottomLeft;
+            }
+
+            public void Dispose()
+            {
+                lock (_vulkanSession.Display.Lock)
+                {
+                    SkSurface.Canvas.Flush();
+
+                    SkSurface.Dispose();
+                    _backendRenderTarget.Dispose();
+                    GrContext.Flush();
+
+                    _vulkanSession.Dispose();
+                }
+            }
+
+            public GRContext GrContext { get; }
+            public SKSurface SkSurface { get; }
+            public double ScaleFactor => _vulkanSession.Scaling;
+            public GRSurfaceOrigin SurfaceOrigin { get; }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/Skia/VulkanSkiaGpu.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+using Avalonia.Skia;
+using Avalonia.X11;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using SkiaSharp;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend.Vulkan
+{
+    public class VulkanSkiaGpu : ISkiaGpu
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanPlatformInterface _vulkan;
+        private readonly long? _maxResourceBytes;
+        private GRContext _grContext;
+        private GRVkBackendContext _grVkBackend;
+        private bool _initialized;
+
+        public GRContext GrContext { get => _grContext; set => _grContext = value; }
+
+        public VulkanSkiaGpu(long? maxResourceBytes)
+        {
+            _vulkan = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<VulkanPlatformInterface>();
+            _maxResourceBytes = maxResourceBytes;
+        }
+
+        private void Initialize()
+        {
+            if (_initialized)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _initialized = true;
+            GRVkGetProcedureAddressDelegate getProc = (string name, IntPtr instanceHandle, IntPtr deviceHandle) =>
+            {
+                IntPtr addr = IntPtr.Zero;
+
+                if (deviceHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
+                {
+                    addr = _vulkan.Device.Api.GetDeviceProcAddr(new Device(deviceHandle), name);
+                    if (addr != IntPtr.Zero)
+                        return addr;
+
+                    addr = _vulkan.Device.Api.GetDeviceProcAddr(new Device(_vulkan.Device.Handle), name);
+
+                    if (addr != IntPtr.Zero)
+                        return addr;
+                }
+
+                addr = _vulkan.Device.Api.GetInstanceProcAddr(new Instance(_vulkan.Instance.Handle), name);
+
+                if (addr == IntPtr.Zero)
+                    addr = _vulkan.Device.Api.GetInstanceProcAddr(new Instance(instanceHandle), name);
+
+                return addr;
+            };
+            
+            _grVkBackend = new GRVkBackendContext()
+            {
+                VkInstance = _vulkan.Device.Handle,
+                VkPhysicalDevice = _vulkan.PhysicalDevice.Handle,
+                VkDevice = _vulkan.Device.Handle,
+                VkQueue = _vulkan.Device.Queue.Handle,
+                GraphicsQueueIndex = _vulkan.PhysicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex,
+                GetProcedureAddress = getProc
+            };
+            _grContext = GRContext.CreateVulkan(_grVkBackend);
+            if (_maxResourceBytes.HasValue)
+            {
+                _grContext.SetResourceCacheLimit(_maxResourceBytes.Value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ISkiaGpuRenderTarget TryCreateRenderTarget(IEnumerable<object> surfaces)
+        {
+            foreach (var surface in surfaces)
+            {
+                VulkanWindowSurface window;
+
+                if (surface is IPlatformHandle handle)
+                {
+                    window = new VulkanWindowSurface(handle.Handle);
+                }
+                else if (surface is X11FramebufferSurface x11FramebufferSurface)
+                {
+                    // As of Avalonia 0.10.13, an IPlatformHandle isn't passed for linux, so use reflection to otherwise get the window id
+                    var xId = (IntPtr)x11FramebufferSurface.GetType().GetField(
+                        "_xid",
+                        System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance).GetValue(x11FramebufferSurface);
+
+                    window = new VulkanWindowSurface(xId);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var vulkanRenderTarget = new VulkanRenderTarget(_vulkan, window);
+
+                Initialize();
+
+                vulkanRenderTarget.GrContext = _grContext;
+
+                return vulkanRenderTarget;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public ISkiaSurface TryCreateSurface(PixelSize size, ISkiaGpuRenderSession session)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/Skia/VulkanSurface.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanWindowSurface : BackendSurface, IVulkanPlatformSurface
+    {
+        public float Scaling => (float)Program.ActualScaleFactor;
+
+        public PixelSize SurfaceSize => Size;
+
+        public VulkanWindowSurface(IntPtr handle) : base(handle)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public unsafe SurfaceKHR CreateSurface(VulkanInstance instance)
+        {
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+            {
+                if (instance.Api.TryGetInstanceExtension(new Instance(instance.Handle), out KhrWin32Surface surfaceExtension))
+                {
+                    var createInfo = new Win32SurfaceCreateInfoKHR() { Hinstance = 0, Hwnd = Handle, SType = StructureType.Win32SurfaceCreateInfoKhr };
+
+                    surfaceExtension.CreateWin32Surface(new Instance(instance.Handle), createInfo, null, out var surface).ThrowOnError();
+
+                    return surface;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+            {
+                if (instance.Api.TryGetInstanceExtension(new Instance(instance.Handle), out KhrXlibSurface surfaceExtension))
+                {
+                    var createInfo = new XlibSurfaceCreateInfoKHR()
+                    {
+                        SType = StructureType.XlibSurfaceCreateInfoKhr,
+                        Dpy = (nint*)Display,
+                        Window = Handle
+                    };
+
+                    surfaceExtension.CreateXlibSurface(new Instance(instance.Handle), createInfo, null, out var surface).ThrowOnError();
+
+                    return surface;
+                }
+            }
+
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException("The current platform does not support surface creation.");
+        }
+
+        public override void Dispose()
+        {
+            base.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/Surfaces/IVulkanPlatformSurface.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces
+{
+    public interface IVulkanPlatformSurface : IDisposable
+    {
+        float Scaling { get; }
+        PixelSize SurfaceSize { get; }
+        SurfaceKHR CreateSurface(VulkanInstance instance);
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/Surfaces/VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces
+{
+    internal class VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanPlatformInterface _platformInterface;
+
+        public bool IsCorrupted { get; set; } = true;
+        private readonly Format _format;
+
+        public VulkanImage Image { get; private set; }
+
+        public uint MipLevels => Image.MipLevels;
+
+        public VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget(VulkanPlatformInterface platformInterface, VulkanSurface surface)
+        {
+            _platformInterface = platformInterface;
+
+            Display = VulkanDisplay.CreateDisplay(platformInterface.Instance, platformInterface.Device,
+                platformInterface.PhysicalDevice, surface);
+            Surface = surface;
+
+            // Skia seems to only create surfaces from images with unorm format
+
+            IsRgba = Display.SurfaceFormat.Format >= Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm &&
+                     Display.SurfaceFormat.Format <= Format.R8G8B8A8Srgb;
+            
+            _format = IsRgba ? Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm : Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm;
+        }
+
+        public bool IsRgba { get; }
+
+        public uint ImageFormat => (uint) _format;
+
+        public ulong MemorySize => Image.MemorySize;
+
+        public VulkanDisplay Display { get; }
+
+        public VulkanSurface Surface { get; }
+
+        public uint UsageFlags => Image.UsageFlags;
+
+        public PixelSize Size { get; private set; }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _platformInterface.Device.WaitIdle();   
+            DestroyImage();
+            Display?.Dispose();
+            Surface?.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession BeginDraw(float scaling)
+        {
+            var session = new VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession(Display, _platformInterface.Device, this, scaling);
+
+            if (IsCorrupted)
+            {
+                IsCorrupted = false;
+                DestroyImage();
+                CreateImage();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Image.TransitionLayout(ImageLayout.ColorAttachmentOptimal, AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr);
+            }
+
+            return session;
+        }
+
+        public void Invalidate()
+        {
+            IsCorrupted = true;
+        }
+
+        private void CreateImage()
+        {
+            Size = Display.Size;
+
+            Image = new VulkanImage(_platformInterface.Device, _platformInterface.PhysicalDevice, _platformInterface.Device.CommandBufferPool, ImageFormat, Size);
+        }
+
+        private void DestroyImage()
+        {
+            _platformInterface.Device.WaitIdle();
+            Image?.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanCommandBufferPool.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanCommandBufferPool : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanDevice _device;
+        private readonly CommandPool _commandPool;
+
+        private readonly List<VulkanCommandBuffer> _usedCommandBuffers = new();
+
+        public unsafe VulkanCommandBufferPool(VulkanDevice device, VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice)
+        {
+            _device = device;
+
+            var commandPoolCreateInfo = new CommandPoolCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.CommandPoolCreateInfo,
+                Flags = CommandPoolCreateFlags.CommandPoolCreateResetCommandBufferBit,
+                QueueFamilyIndex = physicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex
+            };
+
+            device.Api.CreateCommandPool(_device.InternalHandle, commandPoolCreateInfo, null, out _commandPool)
+                .ThrowOnError();
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void Dispose()
+        {
+            FreeUsedCommandBuffers();
+            _device.Api.DestroyCommandPool(_device.InternalHandle, _commandPool, null);
+        }
+
+        private CommandBuffer AllocateCommandBuffer()
+        {
+            var commandBufferAllocateInfo = new CommandBufferAllocateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.CommandBufferAllocateInfo,
+                CommandPool = _commandPool,
+                CommandBufferCount = 1,
+                Level = CommandBufferLevel.Primary
+            };
+
+            _device.Api.AllocateCommandBuffers(_device.InternalHandle, commandBufferAllocateInfo, out var commandBuffer);
+
+            return commandBuffer;
+        }
+
+        public VulkanCommandBuffer CreateCommandBuffer()
+        {
+            return new(_device, this);
+        }
+
+        public void FreeUsedCommandBuffers()
+        {
+            lock (_usedCommandBuffers)
+            {
+                foreach (var usedCommandBuffer in _usedCommandBuffers) usedCommandBuffer.Dispose();
+
+                _usedCommandBuffers.Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void DisposeCommandBuffer(VulkanCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+        {
+            lock (_usedCommandBuffers)
+            {
+                _usedCommandBuffers.Add(commandBuffer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class VulkanCommandBuffer : IDisposable
+        {
+            private readonly VulkanCommandBufferPool _commandBufferPool;
+            private readonly VulkanDevice _device;
+            private readonly Fence _fence;
+            private bool _hasEnded;
+            private bool _hasStarted;
+
+            public IntPtr Handle => InternalHandle.Handle;
+
+            internal CommandBuffer InternalHandle { get; }
+
+            internal unsafe VulkanCommandBuffer(VulkanDevice device, VulkanCommandBufferPool commandBufferPool)
+            {
+                _device = device;
+                _commandBufferPool = commandBufferPool;
+
+                InternalHandle = _commandBufferPool.AllocateCommandBuffer();
+
+                var fenceCreateInfo = new FenceCreateInfo()
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.FenceCreateInfo,
+                    Flags = FenceCreateFlags.FenceCreateSignaledBit
+                };
+
+                device.Api.CreateFence(device.InternalHandle, fenceCreateInfo, null, out _fence);
+            }
+
+            public unsafe void Dispose()
+            {
+                _device.Api.WaitForFences(_device.InternalHandle, 1, _fence, true, ulong.MaxValue);
+                _device.Api.FreeCommandBuffers(_device.InternalHandle, _commandBufferPool._commandPool, 1, InternalHandle);
+                _device.Api.DestroyFence(_device.InternalHandle, _fence, null);
+            }
+
+            public void BeginRecording()
+            {
+                if (!_hasStarted)
+                {
+                    _hasStarted = true;
+
+                    var beginInfo = new CommandBufferBeginInfo
+                    {
+                        SType = StructureType.CommandBufferBeginInfo,
+                        Flags = CommandBufferUsageFlags.CommandBufferUsageOneTimeSubmitBit
+                    };
+
+                    _device.Api.BeginCommandBuffer(InternalHandle, beginInfo);
+                }
+            }
+
+            public void EndRecording()
+            {
+                if (_hasStarted && !_hasEnded)
+                {
+                    _hasEnded = true;
+
+                    _device.Api.EndCommandBuffer(InternalHandle);
+                }
+            }
+
+            public void Submit()
+            {
+                Submit(null, null, null, _fence);
+            }
+
+            public unsafe void Submit(
+                ReadOnlySpan<Semaphore> waitSemaphores,
+                ReadOnlySpan<PipelineStageFlags> waitDstStageMask,
+                ReadOnlySpan<Semaphore> signalSemaphores,
+                Fence? fence = null)
+            {
+                EndRecording();
+
+                if (!fence.HasValue)
+                    fence = _fence;
+
+                fixed (Semaphore* pWaitSemaphores = waitSemaphores, pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores)
+                {
+                    fixed (PipelineStageFlags* pWaitDstStageMask = waitDstStageMask)
+                    {
+                        var commandBuffer = InternalHandle;
+                        var submitInfo = new SubmitInfo
+                        {
+                            SType = StructureType.SubmitInfo,
+                            WaitSemaphoreCount = waitSemaphores != null ? (uint)waitSemaphores.Length : 0,
+                            PWaitSemaphores = pWaitSemaphores,
+                            PWaitDstStageMask = pWaitDstStageMask,
+                            CommandBufferCount = 1,
+                            PCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer,
+                            SignalSemaphoreCount = signalSemaphores != null ? (uint)signalSemaphores.Length : 0,
+                            PSignalSemaphores = pSignalSemaphores,
+                        };
+
+                        _device.Api.ResetFences(_device.InternalHandle, 1, fence.Value);
+
+                        _device.Submit(submitInfo, fence.Value);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _commandBufferPool.DisposeCommandBuffer(this);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanDevice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+using System;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanDevice : IDisposable
+    {
+        private static object _lock = new object();
+
+        public VulkanDevice(Device apiHandle, VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, Vk api)
+        {
+            InternalHandle = apiHandle;
+            Api = api;
+
+            api.GetDeviceQueue(apiHandle, physicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex, 0, out var queue);
+
+            var vulkanQueue = new VulkanQueue(this, queue);
+            Queue = vulkanQueue;
+
+            PresentQueue = vulkanQueue;
+
+            CommandBufferPool = new VulkanCommandBufferPool(this, physicalDevice);
+        }
+
+        public IntPtr Handle => InternalHandle.Handle;
+
+        internal Device InternalHandle { get; }
+        public Vk Api { get; }
+
+        public VulkanQueue Queue { get; private set; }
+        public VulkanQueue PresentQueue { get; }
+        public VulkanCommandBufferPool CommandBufferPool { get; }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            WaitIdle();
+            CommandBufferPool?.Dispose();
+            Queue = null;
+        }
+
+        internal void Submit(SubmitInfo submitInfo, Fence fence = new())
+        {
+            lock (_lock)
+            {
+                Api.QueueSubmit(Queue.InternalHandle, 1, submitInfo, fence);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void WaitIdle()
+        { 
+            lock (_lock)
+            {
+                Api.DeviceWaitIdle(InternalHandle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void QueueWaitIdle()
+        {
+            lock (_lock)
+            {
+                Api.QueueWaitIdle(Queue.InternalHandle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public object Lock => _lock;
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanDisplay.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using Avalonia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanDisplay : IDisposable
+    {
+        private static KhrSwapchain _swapchainExtension;
+        private readonly VulkanInstance _instance;
+        private readonly VulkanPhysicalDevice _physicalDevice;
+        private readonly VulkanSemaphorePair _semaphorePair;
+        private uint _nextImage;
+        private readonly VulkanSurface _surface;
+        private SurfaceFormatKHR _surfaceFormat;
+        private SwapchainKHR _swapchain;
+        private Extent2D _swapchainExtent;
+        private Image[] _swapchainImages;
+        private VulkanDevice _device { get; }
+        private ImageView[] _swapchainImageViews = new ImageView[0];
+
+        public VulkanCommandBufferPool CommandBufferPool { get; set; }
+
+        public object Lock => _device.Lock;
+
+        private VulkanDisplay(VulkanInstance instance, VulkanDevice device,
+            VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VulkanSurface surface, SwapchainKHR swapchain,
+            Extent2D swapchainExtent)
+        {
+            _instance = instance;
+            _device = device;
+            _physicalDevice = physicalDevice;
+            _swapchain = swapchain;
+            _swapchainExtent = swapchainExtent;
+            _surface = surface;
+
+            CreateSwapchainImages();
+
+            _semaphorePair = new VulkanSemaphorePair(_device);
+
+            CommandBufferPool = new VulkanCommandBufferPool(device, physicalDevice);
+        }
+
+        public PixelSize Size { get; private set; }
+        public uint QueueFamilyIndex => _physicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex;
+
+        internal SurfaceFormatKHR SurfaceFormat
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_surfaceFormat.Format == Format.Undefined)
+                    _surfaceFormat = _surface.GetSurfaceFormat(_physicalDevice);
+
+                return _surfaceFormat;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void Dispose()
+        {
+            _device.WaitIdle();
+            _semaphorePair?.Dispose();
+            DestroyCurrentImageViews();
+            _swapchainExtension.DestroySwapchain(_device.InternalHandle, _swapchain, null);
+            CommandBufferPool.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        private static unsafe SwapchainKHR CreateSwapchain(VulkanInstance instance, VulkanDevice device,
+            VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VulkanSurface surface, out Extent2D swapchainExtent,
+            VulkanDisplay oldDisplay = null)
+        {
+            if (_swapchainExtension == null)
+            {
+                instance.Api.TryGetDeviceExtension(instance.InternalHandle, device.InternalHandle, out KhrSwapchain extension);
+
+                _swapchainExtension = extension;
+            }
+
+            while (!surface.CanSurfacePresent(physicalDevice))
+            {
+                Thread.Sleep(16);
+            }
+
+            VulkanSurface.SurfaceExtension.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilities(physicalDevice.InternalHandle,
+                surface.ApiHandle, out var capabilities);
+
+            uint presentModesCount;
+
+            VulkanSurface.SurfaceExtension.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModes(physicalDevice.InternalHandle,
+                surface.ApiHandle,
+                &presentModesCount, null);
+
+            var presentModes = new PresentModeKHR[presentModesCount];
+
+            fixed (PresentModeKHR* pPresentModes = presentModes)
+            {
+                VulkanSurface.SurfaceExtension.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModes(physicalDevice.InternalHandle,
+                    surface.ApiHandle, &presentModesCount, pPresentModes);
+            }
+
+            var imageCount = capabilities.MinImageCount + 1;
+            if (capabilities.MaxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > capabilities.MaxImageCount)
+                imageCount = capabilities.MaxImageCount;
+
+            var surfaceFormat = surface.GetSurfaceFormat(physicalDevice);
+
+            bool supportsIdentityTransform = capabilities.SupportedTransforms.HasFlag(SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR.SurfaceTransformIdentityBitKhr);
+            bool isRotated = capabilities.CurrentTransform.HasFlag(SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR.SurfaceTransformRotate90BitKhr) ||
+                capabilities.CurrentTransform.HasFlag(SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR.SurfaceTransformRotate270BitKhr);
+
+            if (capabilities.CurrentExtent.Width != uint.MaxValue)
+            {
+                swapchainExtent = capabilities.CurrentExtent;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var surfaceSize = surface.SurfaceSize;
+
+                var width = Math.Max(capabilities.MinImageExtent.Width,
+                    Math.Min(capabilities.MaxImageExtent.Width, (uint)surfaceSize.Width));
+                var height = Math.Max(capabilities.MinImageExtent.Height,
+                    Math.Min(capabilities.MaxImageExtent.Height, (uint)surfaceSize.Height));
+
+                swapchainExtent = new Extent2D(width, height);
+            }
+
+            PresentModeKHR presentMode;
+            var modes = presentModes.ToList();
+
+            if (modes.Contains(PresentModeKHR.PresentModeImmediateKhr))
+                presentMode = PresentModeKHR.PresentModeImmediateKhr;
+            else if (modes.Contains(PresentModeKHR.PresentModeMailboxKhr))
+                presentMode = PresentModeKHR.PresentModeMailboxKhr;
+            else
+                presentMode = PresentModeKHR.PresentModeFifoKhr;
+
+            var compositeAlphaFlags = CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.CompositeAlphaOpaqueBitKhr;
+
+            if (capabilities.SupportedCompositeAlpha.HasFlag(CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.CompositeAlphaPostMultipliedBitKhr))
+            {
+                compositeAlphaFlags = CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.CompositeAlphaPostMultipliedBitKhr;
+            }
+            else if (capabilities.SupportedCompositeAlpha.HasFlag(CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.CompositeAlphaPreMultipliedBitKhr))
+            {
+                compositeAlphaFlags = CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.CompositeAlphaPreMultipliedBitKhr;
+            }
+
+            var swapchainCreateInfo = new SwapchainCreateInfoKHR
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.SwapchainCreateInfoKhr,
+                Surface = surface.ApiHandle,
+                MinImageCount = imageCount,
+                ImageFormat = surfaceFormat.Format,
+                ImageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.ColorSpace,
+                ImageExtent = swapchainExtent,
+                ImageUsage =
+                    ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageColorAttachmentBit | ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageTransferDstBit,
+                ImageSharingMode = SharingMode.Exclusive,
+                ImageArrayLayers = 1,
+                PreTransform = supportsIdentityTransform && isRotated ? SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR.SurfaceTransformIdentityBitKhr : capabilities.CurrentTransform,
+                CompositeAlpha = compositeAlphaFlags,
+                PresentMode = presentMode,
+                Clipped = true,
+                OldSwapchain = oldDisplay?._swapchain ?? new SwapchainKHR()
+            };
+
+            _swapchainExtension.CreateSwapchain(device.InternalHandle, swapchainCreateInfo, null, out var swapchain)
+                .ThrowOnError();
+
+            if (oldDisplay != null)
+            {
+                _swapchainExtension.DestroySwapchain(device.InternalHandle, oldDisplay._swapchain, null);
+            }
+
+            return swapchain;
+        }
+
+
+        internal static VulkanDisplay CreateDisplay(VulkanInstance instance, VulkanDevice device,
+            VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VulkanSurface surface)
+        {
+            var swapchain = CreateSwapchain(instance, device, physicalDevice, surface, out var extent);
+
+            return new VulkanDisplay(instance, device, physicalDevice, surface, swapchain, extent);
+        }
+
+        private unsafe void CreateSwapchainImages()
+        {
+            DestroyCurrentImageViews();
+
+            Size = new PixelSize((int)_swapchainExtent.Width, (int)_swapchainExtent.Height);
+
+            uint imageCount = 0;
+
+            _swapchainExtension.GetSwapchainImages(_device.InternalHandle, _swapchain, &imageCount, null);
+
+            _swapchainImages = new Image[imageCount];
+
+            fixed (Image* pSwapchainImages = _swapchainImages)
+            {
+                _swapchainExtension.GetSwapchainImages(_device.InternalHandle, _swapchain, &imageCount, pSwapchainImages);
+            }
+
+            _swapchainImageViews = new ImageView[imageCount];
+
+            var surfaceFormat = SurfaceFormat;
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < imageCount; i++)
+            {
+                _swapchainImageViews[i] = CreateSwapchainImageView(_swapchainImages[i], surfaceFormat.Format);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private unsafe void DestroyCurrentImageViews()
+        {
+            if (_swapchainImageViews.Length > 0)
+            {
+                for (var i = 0; i < _swapchainImageViews.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    _instance.Api.DestroyImageView(_device.InternalHandle, _swapchainImageViews[i], null);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Recreate()
+        {
+            _device.WaitIdle();
+            _swapchain = CreateSwapchain(_instance, _device, _physicalDevice, _surface, out var extent, this);
+
+            _swapchainExtent = extent;
+
+            CreateSwapchainImages();
+        }
+
+        private unsafe ImageView CreateSwapchainImageView(Image swapchainImage, Format format)
+        {
+            var componentMapping = new ComponentMapping(
+                ComponentSwizzle.Identity,
+                ComponentSwizzle.Identity,
+                ComponentSwizzle.Identity,
+                ComponentSwizzle.Identity);
+
+            var aspectFlags = ImageAspectFlags.ImageAspectColorBit;
+
+            var subresourceRange = new ImageSubresourceRange(aspectFlags, 0, 1, 0, 1);
+
+            var imageCreateInfo = new ImageViewCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.ImageViewCreateInfo,
+                Image = swapchainImage,
+                ViewType = ImageViewType.ImageViewType2D,
+                Format = format,
+                Components = componentMapping,
+                SubresourceRange = subresourceRange
+            };
+
+            _instance.Api.CreateImageView(_device.InternalHandle, imageCreateInfo, null, out var imageView).ThrowOnError();
+            return imageView;
+        }
+
+        public bool EnsureSwapchainAvailable()
+        {
+            if (Size != _surface.SurfaceSize)
+            {
+                Recreate();
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        internal VulkanCommandBufferPool.VulkanCommandBuffer StartPresentation(VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget renderTarget)
+        {
+            _nextImage = 0;
+            while (true)
+            {
+                var acquireResult = _swapchainExtension.AcquireNextImage(
+                    _device.InternalHandle,
+                    _swapchain,
+                    ulong.MaxValue,
+                    _semaphorePair.ImageAvailableSemaphore,
+                    new Fence(),
+                    ref _nextImage);
+
+                if (acquireResult == Result.ErrorOutOfDateKhr ||
+                    acquireResult == Result.SuboptimalKhr)
+                {
+                    Recreate();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    acquireResult.ThrowOnError();
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            var commandBuffer = CommandBufferPool.CreateCommandBuffer();
+            commandBuffer.BeginRecording();
+
+            VulkanMemoryHelper.TransitionLayout(_device, commandBuffer.InternalHandle,
+                _swapchainImages[_nextImage], ImageLayout.Undefined,
+                AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr,
+                ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal,
+                AccessFlags.AccessTransferWriteBit,
+                1);
+
+            return commandBuffer;
+        }
+
+        internal void BlitImageToCurrentImage(VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget renderTarget, CommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+        {
+            VulkanMemoryHelper.TransitionLayout(_device, commandBuffer,
+                renderTarget.Image.InternalHandle.Value, (ImageLayout)renderTarget.Image.CurrentLayout,
+                AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr,
+                ImageLayout.TransferSrcOptimal,
+                AccessFlags.AccessTransferReadBit,
+                renderTarget.MipLevels);
+
+            var srcBlitRegion = new ImageBlit
+            {
+                SrcOffsets = new ImageBlit.SrcOffsetsBuffer
+                {
+                    Element0 = new Offset3D(0, 0, 0),
+                    Element1 = new Offset3D(renderTarget.Size.Width, renderTarget.Size.Height, 1),
+                },
+                DstOffsets = new ImageBlit.DstOffsetsBuffer
+                {
+                    Element0 = new Offset3D(0, 0, 0),
+                    Element1 = new Offset3D(Size.Width, Size.Height, 1),
+                },
+                SrcSubresource = new ImageSubresourceLayers
+                {
+                    AspectMask = ImageAspectFlags.ImageAspectColorBit,
+                    BaseArrayLayer = 0,
+                    LayerCount = 1,
+                    MipLevel = 0
+                },
+                DstSubresource = new ImageSubresourceLayers
+                {
+                    AspectMask = ImageAspectFlags.ImageAspectColorBit,
+                    BaseArrayLayer = 0,
+                    LayerCount = 1,
+                    MipLevel = 0
+                }
+            };
+
+            _device.Api.CmdBlitImage(commandBuffer, renderTarget.Image.InternalHandle.Value,
+                ImageLayout.TransferSrcOptimal,
+                _swapchainImages[_nextImage],
+                ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal,
+                1,
+                srcBlitRegion,
+                Filter.Linear);
+
+            VulkanMemoryHelper.TransitionLayout(_device, commandBuffer,
+                renderTarget.Image.InternalHandle.Value, ImageLayout.TransferSrcOptimal,
+                AccessFlags.AccessTransferReadBit,
+                (ImageLayout)renderTarget.Image.CurrentLayout,
+                AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr,
+                renderTarget.MipLevels);
+        }
+
+        internal unsafe void EndPresentation(VulkanCommandBufferPool.VulkanCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+        {
+            VulkanMemoryHelper.TransitionLayout(_device, commandBuffer.InternalHandle,
+                _swapchainImages[_nextImage], ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal,
+                AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr,
+                ImageLayout.PresentSrcKhr,
+                AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr,
+                1);
+
+            commandBuffer.Submit(
+                new[] { _semaphorePair.ImageAvailableSemaphore },
+                new[] { PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageColorAttachmentOutputBit },
+                new[] { _semaphorePair.RenderFinishedSemaphore });
+
+            var semaphore = _semaphorePair.RenderFinishedSemaphore;
+            var swapchain = _swapchain;
+            var nextImage = _nextImage;
+
+            Result result;
+
+            var presentInfo = new PresentInfoKHR
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.PresentInfoKhr,
+                WaitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+                PWaitSemaphores = &semaphore,
+                SwapchainCount = 1,
+                PSwapchains = &swapchain,
+                PImageIndices = &nextImage,
+                PResults = &result
+            };
+
+            lock (_device.Lock)
+            {
+                _swapchainExtension.QueuePresent(_device.PresentQueue.InternalHandle, presentInfo);
+            }
+            
+            CommandBufferPool.FreeUsedCommandBuffers();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanImage.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanImage : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanDevice _device;
+        private readonly VulkanPhysicalDevice _physicalDevice;
+        private readonly VulkanCommandBufferPool _commandBufferPool;
+        private ImageLayout _currentLayout;
+        private AccessFlags _currentAccessFlags;
+        private ImageUsageFlags _imageUsageFlags { get; }
+        private ImageView? _imageView { get; set; }
+        private DeviceMemory _imageMemory { get; set; }
+
+        internal Image? InternalHandle { get; private set; }
+        internal Format Format { get; }
+        internal ImageAspectFlags AspectFlags { get; private set; }
+
+        public ulong Handle => InternalHandle?.Handle ?? 0;
+        public ulong ViewHandle => _imageView?.Handle ?? 0;
+        public uint UsageFlags => (uint)_imageUsageFlags;
+        public ulong MemoryHandle => _imageMemory.Handle;
+        public uint MipLevels { get; private set; }
+        public PixelSize Size { get; }
+        public ulong MemorySize { get; private set; }
+        public uint CurrentLayout => (uint)_currentLayout;
+
+        public VulkanImage(
+            VulkanDevice device,
+            VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
+            VulkanCommandBufferPool commandBufferPool,
+            uint format,
+            PixelSize size,
+            uint mipLevels = 0)
+        {
+            _device = device;
+            _physicalDevice = physicalDevice;
+            _commandBufferPool = commandBufferPool;
+            Format = (Format)format;
+            Size = size;
+            MipLevels = mipLevels;
+            _imageUsageFlags =
+                ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageColorAttachmentBit | ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageTransferDstBit |
+                ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageTransferSrcBit | ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageSampledBit;
+
+            Initialize();
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void Initialize()
+        {
+            if (!InternalHandle.HasValue)
+            {
+                MipLevels = MipLevels != 0 ? MipLevels : (uint)Math.Floor(Math.Log(Math.Max(Size.Width, Size.Height), 2));
+
+                var imageCreateInfo = new ImageCreateInfo
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.ImageCreateInfo,
+                    ImageType = ImageType.ImageType2D,
+                    Format = Format,
+                    Extent = new Extent3D((uint?)Size.Width, (uint?)Size.Height, 1),
+                    MipLevels = MipLevels,
+                    ArrayLayers = 1,
+                    Samples = SampleCountFlags.SampleCount1Bit,
+                    Tiling = Tiling,
+                    Usage = _imageUsageFlags,
+                    SharingMode = SharingMode.Exclusive,
+                    InitialLayout = ImageLayout.Undefined,
+                    Flags = ImageCreateFlags.ImageCreateMutableFormatBit
+                };
+
+                _device.Api.CreateImage(_device.InternalHandle, imageCreateInfo, null, out var image).ThrowOnError();
+                InternalHandle = image;
+
+                _device.Api.GetImageMemoryRequirements(_device.InternalHandle, InternalHandle.Value,
+                    out var memoryRequirements);
+
+                var memoryAllocateInfo = new MemoryAllocateInfo
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.MemoryAllocateInfo,
+                    AllocationSize = memoryRequirements.Size,
+                    MemoryTypeIndex = (uint)VulkanMemoryHelper.FindSuitableMemoryTypeIndex(
+                        _physicalDevice,
+                        memoryRequirements.MemoryTypeBits, MemoryPropertyFlags.MemoryPropertyDeviceLocalBit)
+                };
+
+                _device.Api.AllocateMemory(_device.InternalHandle, memoryAllocateInfo, null,
+                    out var imageMemory);
+
+                _imageMemory = imageMemory;
+
+                _device.Api.BindImageMemory(_device.InternalHandle, InternalHandle.Value, _imageMemory, 0);
+
+                MemorySize = memoryRequirements.Size;
+
+                var componentMapping = new ComponentMapping(
+                    ComponentSwizzle.Identity,
+                    ComponentSwizzle.Identity,
+                    ComponentSwizzle.Identity,
+                    ComponentSwizzle.Identity);
+
+                AspectFlags = ImageAspectFlags.ImageAspectColorBit;
+
+                var subresourceRange = new ImageSubresourceRange(AspectFlags, 0, MipLevels, 0, 1);
+
+                var imageViewCreateInfo = new ImageViewCreateInfo
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.ImageViewCreateInfo,
+                    Image = InternalHandle.Value,
+                    ViewType = ImageViewType.ImageViewType2D,
+                    Format = Format,
+                    Components = componentMapping,
+                    SubresourceRange = subresourceRange
+                };
+
+                _device.Api
+                    .CreateImageView(_device.InternalHandle, imageViewCreateInfo, null, out var imageView)
+                    .ThrowOnError();
+
+                _imageView = imageView;
+
+                _currentLayout = ImageLayout.Undefined;
+
+                TransitionLayout(ImageLayout.ColorAttachmentOptimal, AccessFlags.AccessNoneKhr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ImageTiling Tiling => ImageTiling.Optimal;
+
+        internal void TransitionLayout(ImageLayout destinationLayout, AccessFlags destinationAccessFlags)
+        {
+            var commandBuffer = _commandBufferPool.CreateCommandBuffer();
+            commandBuffer.BeginRecording();
+
+            VulkanMemoryHelper.TransitionLayout(_device, commandBuffer.InternalHandle, InternalHandle.Value,
+                _currentLayout,
+                _currentAccessFlags,
+                destinationLayout, destinationAccessFlags,
+                MipLevels);
+
+            commandBuffer.EndRecording();
+
+            commandBuffer.Submit();
+
+            _currentLayout = destinationLayout;
+            _currentAccessFlags = destinationAccessFlags;
+        }
+
+        public void TransitionLayout(uint destinationLayout, uint destinationAccessFlags)
+        {
+            TransitionLayout((ImageLayout)destinationLayout, (AccessFlags)destinationAccessFlags);
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void Dispose()
+        {
+            _device.Api.DestroyImageView(_device.InternalHandle, _imageView.Value, null);
+            _device.Api.DestroyImage(_device.InternalHandle, InternalHandle.Value, null);
+            _device.Api.FreeMemory(_device.InternalHandle, _imageMemory, null);
+
+            _imageView = default;
+            InternalHandle = default;
+            _imageMemory = default;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanInstance.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Silk.NET.Core;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.EXT;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    public class VulkanInstance : IDisposable
+    {
+        private const string EngineName = "Avalonia Vulkan";
+
+        private VulkanInstance(Instance apiHandle, Vk api)
+        {
+            InternalHandle = apiHandle;
+            Api = api;
+        }
+
+        public IntPtr Handle => InternalHandle.Handle;
+
+        internal Instance InternalHandle { get; }
+        public Vk Api { get; }
+
+        internal static IList<string> RequiredInstanceExtensions
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                var extensions = new List<string> { "VK_KHR_surface" };
+
+                if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux))
+                {
+                    extensions.Add("VK_KHR_xlib_surface");
+                }
+                else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
+                {
+                    extensions.Add("VK_KHR_win32_surface");
+                }
+
+                return extensions;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public unsafe void Dispose()
+        {
+            Api?.DestroyInstance(InternalHandle, null);
+            Api?.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        internal static unsafe VulkanInstance Create(VulkanOptions options)
+        {
+            var api = Vk.GetApi();
+            var applicationName = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(options.ApplicationName);
+            var engineName = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(EngineName);
+            var enabledExtensions = new List<string>(options.InstanceExtensions);
+
+            enabledExtensions.AddRange(RequiredInstanceExtensions);
+
+            var applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo
+            {
+                PApplicationName = (byte*)applicationName,
+                ApiVersion = new Version32((uint)options.VulkanVersion.Major, (uint)options.VulkanVersion.Minor,
+                    (uint)options.VulkanVersion.Build),
+                PEngineName = (byte*)engineName,
+                EngineVersion = new Version32(1, 0, 0),
+                ApplicationVersion = new Version32(1, 0, 0)
+            };
+
+            var enabledLayers = new HashSet<string>();
+
+            if (options.UseDebug)
+            {
+                enabledExtensions.Add(ExtDebugUtils.ExtensionName);
+                if (IsLayerAvailable(api, "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"))
+                    enabledLayers.Add("VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation");
+            }
+
+            foreach (var layer in options.EnabledLayers)
+                enabledLayers.Add(layer);
+
+            var ppEnabledExtensions = stackalloc IntPtr[enabledExtensions.Count];
+            var ppEnabledLayers = stackalloc IntPtr[enabledLayers.Count];
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < enabledExtensions.Count; i++)
+                ppEnabledExtensions[i] = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(enabledExtensions[i]);
+
+            var layers = enabledLayers.ToList();
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < enabledLayers.Count; i++)
+                ppEnabledLayers[i] = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(layers[i]);
+
+            var instanceCreateInfo = new InstanceCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.InstanceCreateInfo,
+                PApplicationInfo = &applicationInfo,
+                PpEnabledExtensionNames = (byte**)ppEnabledExtensions,
+                PpEnabledLayerNames = (byte**)ppEnabledLayers,
+                EnabledExtensionCount = (uint)enabledExtensions.Count,
+                EnabledLayerCount = (uint)enabledLayers.Count
+            };
+
+            api.CreateInstance(in instanceCreateInfo, null, out var instance).ThrowOnError();
+            
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(applicationName);
+            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(engineName);
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < enabledExtensions.Count; i++) Marshal.FreeHGlobal(ppEnabledExtensions[i]);
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < enabledLayers.Count; i++) Marshal.FreeHGlobal(ppEnabledLayers[i]);
+
+            return new VulkanInstance(instance, api);
+        }
+
+        private static unsafe bool IsLayerAvailable(Vk api, string layerName)
+        {
+            uint layerPropertiesCount;
+
+            api.EnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerPropertiesCount, null).ThrowOnError();
+
+            var layerProperties = new LayerProperties[layerPropertiesCount];
+
+            fixed (LayerProperties* pLayerProperties = layerProperties)
+            {
+                api.EnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerPropertiesCount, layerProperties).ThrowOnError();
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < layerPropertiesCount; i++)
+                {
+                    var currentLayerName = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)pLayerProperties[i].LayerName);
+
+                    if (currentLayerName == layerName) return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanMemoryHelper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal static class VulkanMemoryHelper
+    {
+        internal static int FindSuitableMemoryTypeIndex(VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, uint memoryTypeBits,
+            MemoryPropertyFlags flags)
+        {
+            physicalDevice.Api.GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice.InternalHandle, out var properties);
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < properties.MemoryTypeCount; i++)
+            {
+                var type = properties.MemoryTypes[i];
+
+                if ((memoryTypeBits & (1 << i)) != 0 && type.PropertyFlags.HasFlag(flags)) return i;
+            }
+
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        internal static unsafe void TransitionLayout(VulkanDevice device,
+            CommandBuffer commandBuffer,
+            Image image,
+            ImageLayout sourceLayout,
+            AccessFlags sourceAccessMask,
+            ImageLayout destinationLayout,
+            AccessFlags destinationAccessMask,
+            uint mipLevels)
+        {
+            var subresourceRange = new ImageSubresourceRange(ImageAspectFlags.ImageAspectColorBit, 0, mipLevels, 0, 1);
+
+            var barrier = new ImageMemoryBarrier
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.ImageMemoryBarrier,
+                SrcAccessMask = sourceAccessMask,
+                DstAccessMask = destinationAccessMask,
+                OldLayout = sourceLayout,
+                NewLayout = destinationLayout,
+                SrcQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
+                DstQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
+                Image = image,
+                SubresourceRange = subresourceRange
+            };
+
+            device.Api.CmdPipelineBarrier(
+                commandBuffer,
+                PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageAllCommandsBit,
+                PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageAllCommandsBit,
+                0,
+                0,
+                null,
+                0,
+                null,
+                1,
+                barrier);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanOptions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    public class VulkanOptions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the application name of the Vulkan instance
+        /// </summary>
+        public string ApplicationName { get; set; }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Specifies the Vulkan API version to use
+        /// </summary>
+        public Version VulkanVersion{ get; set; } =  new Version(1, 1, 0);
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Specifies additional extensions to enable if available on the instance
+        /// </summary>
+        public IList<string> InstanceExtensions { get; set; } = new List<string>();
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Specifies layers to enable if available on the instance
+        /// </summary>
+        public IList<string> EnabledLayers { get; set; } = new List<string>();
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Enables the debug layer
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool UseDebug { get; set; }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Selects the first suitable discrete GPU available
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool PreferDiscreteGpu { get; set; }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the device to use if available and suitable.
+        /// </summary>
+        public uint? PreferredDevice { get; set; }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Max number of device queues to request
+        /// </summary>
+        public uint MaxQueueCount { get; set; }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanPhysicalDevice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Core;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    public unsafe class VulkanPhysicalDevice
+    {
+        private VulkanPhysicalDevice(PhysicalDevice apiHandle, Vk api, uint queueCount, uint queueFamilyIndex)
+        {
+            InternalHandle = apiHandle;
+            Api = api;
+            QueueCount = queueCount;
+            QueueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndex;
+
+            api.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties(apiHandle, out var properties);
+
+            DeviceName = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)properties.DeviceName);
+
+            var version = (Version32)properties.ApiVersion;
+            ApiVersion = new Version((int)version.Major, (int)version.Minor, 0, (int)version.Patch);
+        }
+
+        internal PhysicalDevice InternalHandle { get; }
+        internal Vk Api { get; }
+        public uint QueueCount { get; }
+        public uint QueueFamilyIndex { get; }
+        public IntPtr Handle => InternalHandle.Handle;
+
+        public string DeviceName { get; }
+        public Version ApiVersion { get; }
+
+        internal static unsafe VulkanPhysicalDevice FindSuitablePhysicalDevice(VulkanInstance instance,
+            VulkanSurface surface, bool preferDiscreteGpu, uint? preferredDevice)
+        {
+            uint physicalDeviceCount;
+
+            instance.Api.EnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance.InternalHandle, &physicalDeviceCount, null).ThrowOnError();
+
+            var physicalDevices = new PhysicalDevice[physicalDeviceCount];
+
+            fixed (PhysicalDevice* pPhysicalDevices = physicalDevices)
+            {
+                instance.Api.EnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance.InternalHandle, &physicalDeviceCount, pPhysicalDevices)
+                    .ThrowOnError();
+            }
+
+            var physicalDeviceProperties = new Dictionary<PhysicalDevice, PhysicalDeviceProperties>();
+
+            foreach (var physicalDevice in physicalDevices)
+            {
+                instance.Api.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physicalDevice, out var properties);
+                physicalDeviceProperties.Add(physicalDevice, properties);
+            }
+
+            if (preferredDevice.HasValue && preferredDevice != 0)
+            {
+                var physicalDevice = physicalDeviceProperties.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Value.DeviceID == preferredDevice);
+                if (physicalDevice.Key.Handle != 0 && IsSuitableDevice(instance.Api, physicalDevice.Key,
+                    physicalDevice.Value, surface.ApiHandle, out var queueCount,
+                    out var queueFamilyIndex))
+                    return new VulkanPhysicalDevice(physicalDevice.Key, instance.Api, queueCount, queueFamilyIndex);
+            }
+
+            if (preferDiscreteGpu)
+            {
+                var discreteGpus = physicalDeviceProperties.Where(p => p.Value.DeviceType == PhysicalDeviceType.DiscreteGpu);
+
+                foreach (var gpu in discreteGpus)
+                {
+                    if (IsSuitableDevice(
+                        instance.Api,
+                        gpu.Key,
+                        gpu.Value,
+                        surface.ApiHandle,
+                        out var queueCount,
+                        out var queueFamilyIndex))
+                    {
+                        return new VulkanPhysicalDevice(gpu.Key, instance.Api, queueCount, queueFamilyIndex);
+                    }
+
+                    physicalDeviceProperties.Remove(gpu.Key);
+                }
+            }
+
+            foreach (var physicalDevice in physicalDeviceProperties)
+                if (IsSuitableDevice(
+                    instance.Api,
+                    physicalDevice.Key,
+                    physicalDevice.Value,
+                    surface.ApiHandle,
+                    out var queueCount,
+                    out var queueFamilyIndex))
+                {
+                    return new VulkanPhysicalDevice(physicalDevice.Key, instance.Api, queueCount, queueFamilyIndex);
+                }
+
+            throw new Exception("No suitable physical device found");
+        }
+
+        private static unsafe bool IsSuitableDevice(Vk api, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, PhysicalDeviceProperties properties, SurfaceKHR surface,
+            out uint queueCount, out uint familyIndex)
+        {
+            queueCount = 0;
+            familyIndex = 0;
+
+            if (properties.DeviceType == PhysicalDeviceType.Cpu) return false;
+
+            var extensionMatches = 0;
+            uint propertiesCount;
+
+            api.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, (byte*)null, &propertiesCount, null).ThrowOnError();
+
+            var extensionProperties = new ExtensionProperties[propertiesCount];
+
+            fixed (ExtensionProperties* pExtensionProperties = extensionProperties)
+            {
+                api.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(
+                    physicalDevice,
+                    (byte*)null,
+                    &propertiesCount,
+                    pExtensionProperties).ThrowOnError();
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < propertiesCount; i++)
+                {
+                    var extensionName = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)pExtensionProperties[i].ExtensionName);
+
+                    if (VulkanInitialization.RequiredExtensions.Contains(extensionName))
+                    {
+                        extensionMatches++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (extensionMatches == VulkanInitialization.RequiredExtensions.Length)
+            {
+                familyIndex = FindSuitableQueueFamily(api, physicalDevice, surface, out queueCount);
+
+                return familyIndex != uint.MaxValue;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        internal unsafe string[] GetSupportedExtensions()
+        {
+            uint propertiesCount;
+
+            Api.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(InternalHandle, (byte*)null, &propertiesCount, null).ThrowOnError();
+
+            var extensionProperties = new ExtensionProperties[propertiesCount];
+
+            fixed (ExtensionProperties* pExtensionProperties = extensionProperties)
+            {
+                Api.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(InternalHandle, (byte*)null, &propertiesCount, pExtensionProperties)
+                    .ThrowOnError();
+            }
+
+            return extensionProperties.Select(x => Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)x.ExtensionName)).ToArray();
+        }
+
+        private static unsafe uint FindSuitableQueueFamily(Vk api, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, SurfaceKHR surface,
+            out uint queueCount)
+        {
+            const QueueFlags RequiredFlags = QueueFlags.QueueGraphicsBit | QueueFlags.QueueComputeBit;
+
+            var khrSurface = new KhrSurface(api.Context);
+
+            uint propertiesCount;
+
+            api.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &propertiesCount, null);
+
+            var properties = new QueueFamilyProperties[propertiesCount];
+
+            fixed (QueueFamilyProperties* pProperties = properties)
+            {
+                api.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &propertiesCount, pProperties);
+            }
+
+            for (uint index = 0; index < propertiesCount; index++)
+            {
+                var queueFlags = properties[index].QueueFlags;
+
+                khrSurface.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupport(physicalDevice, index, surface, out var surfaceSupported)
+                    .ThrowOnError();
+
+                if (queueFlags.HasFlag(RequiredFlags) && surfaceSupported)
+                {
+                    queueCount = properties[index].QueueCount;
+                    return index;
+                }
+            }
+
+            queueCount = 0;
+            return uint.MaxValue;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanPlatformInterface.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanPlatformInterface : IDisposable
+    {
+        private static VulkanOptions _options;
+
+        private VulkanPlatformInterface(VulkanInstance instance)
+        {
+            Instance = instance;
+            Api = instance.Api;
+        }
+
+        public VulkanPhysicalDevice PhysicalDevice { get; private set; }
+        public VulkanInstance Instance { get; }
+        public VulkanDevice Device { get; set; }
+        public Vk Api { get; private set; }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            Device?.Dispose();
+            Instance?.Dispose();
+            Api?.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        private static VulkanPlatformInterface TryCreate()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                _options = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<VulkanOptions>() ?? new VulkanOptions();
+
+                var instance = VulkanInstance.Create(_options);
+
+                return new VulkanPlatformInterface(instance);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool TryInitialize()
+        {
+            var feature = TryCreate();
+            if (feature != null)
+            {
+                AvaloniaLocator.CurrentMutable.Bind<VulkanPlatformInterface>().ToConstant(feature);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget CreateRenderTarget(IVulkanPlatformSurface platformSurface)
+        {
+            var surface = VulkanSurface.CreateSurface(Instance, platformSurface);
+            try
+            {
+                if (Device == null)
+                {
+                    PhysicalDevice = VulkanPhysicalDevice.FindSuitablePhysicalDevice(Instance, surface, _options.PreferDiscreteGpu, _options.PreferredDevice);
+                    var device = VulkanInitialization.CreateDevice(Instance.Api,
+                                                                   PhysicalDevice.InternalHandle,
+                                                                   PhysicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex,
+                                                                   VulkanInitialization.GetSupportedExtensions(Instance.Api, PhysicalDevice.InternalHandle),
+                                                                   PhysicalDevice.QueueCount);
+
+                    Device = new VulkanDevice(device, PhysicalDevice, Instance.Api);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception)
+            {
+                surface.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            return new VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget(this, surface);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanQueue.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+using System;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanQueue
+    {
+        public VulkanQueue(VulkanDevice device, Queue apiHandle)
+        {
+            Device = device;
+            InternalHandle = apiHandle;
+        }
+
+        public VulkanDevice Device { get; }
+        public IntPtr Handle => InternalHandle.Handle;
+        internal Queue InternalHandle { get; }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanSemaphorePair.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+using System;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanSemaphorePair : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanDevice _device;
+
+        public unsafe VulkanSemaphorePair(VulkanDevice device)
+        {
+            _device = device;
+
+            var semaphoreCreateInfo = new SemaphoreCreateInfo { SType = StructureType.SemaphoreCreateInfo };
+
+            _device.Api.CreateSemaphore(_device.InternalHandle, semaphoreCreateInfo, null, out var semaphore).ThrowOnError();
+            ImageAvailableSemaphore = semaphore;
+
+            _device.Api.CreateSemaphore(_device.InternalHandle, semaphoreCreateInfo, null, out semaphore).ThrowOnError();
+            RenderFinishedSemaphore = semaphore;
+        }
+
+        internal Semaphore ImageAvailableSemaphore { get; }
+        internal Semaphore RenderFinishedSemaphore { get; }
+
+        public unsafe void Dispose()
+        {
+            _device.Api.DestroySemaphore(_device.InternalHandle, ImageAvailableSemaphore, null);
+            _device.Api.DestroySemaphore(_device.InternalHandle, RenderFinishedSemaphore, null);
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanSurface.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    public class VulkanSurface : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanInstance _instance;
+        private readonly IVulkanPlatformSurface _vulkanPlatformSurface;
+
+        private VulkanSurface(IVulkanPlatformSurface vulkanPlatformSurface, VulkanInstance instance)
+        {
+            _vulkanPlatformSurface = vulkanPlatformSurface;
+            _instance = instance;
+            ApiHandle = vulkanPlatformSurface.CreateSurface(instance);
+        }
+
+        internal SurfaceKHR ApiHandle { get; }
+
+        internal static KhrSurface SurfaceExtension { get; private set; }
+
+        internal PixelSize SurfaceSize => _vulkanPlatformSurface.SurfaceSize;
+
+        public unsafe void Dispose()
+        {
+            SurfaceExtension.DestroySurface(_instance.InternalHandle, ApiHandle, null);
+            _vulkanPlatformSurface.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        internal static VulkanSurface CreateSurface(VulkanInstance instance, IVulkanPlatformSurface vulkanPlatformSurface)
+        {
+            if (SurfaceExtension == null)
+            {
+                instance.Api.TryGetInstanceExtension(instance.InternalHandle, out KhrSurface extension);
+
+                SurfaceExtension = extension;
+            }
+
+            return new VulkanSurface(vulkanPlatformSurface, instance);
+        }
+
+        internal bool CanSurfacePresent(VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice)
+        {
+            SurfaceExtension.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupport(physicalDevice.InternalHandle, physicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex, ApiHandle, out var isSupported);
+
+            return isSupported;
+        }
+
+        internal unsafe SurfaceFormatKHR GetSurfaceFormat(VulkanPhysicalDevice physicalDevice)
+        {
+            uint surfaceFormatsCount;
+
+            SurfaceExtension.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormats(physicalDevice.InternalHandle, ApiHandle,
+                &surfaceFormatsCount, null);
+
+            var surfaceFormats = new SurfaceFormatKHR[surfaceFormatsCount];
+
+            fixed (SurfaceFormatKHR* pSurfaceFormats = surfaceFormats)
+            {
+                SurfaceExtension.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormats(physicalDevice.InternalHandle, ApiHandle,
+                    &surfaceFormatsCount, pSurfaceFormats);
+            }
+
+            if (surfaceFormats.Length == 1 && surfaceFormats[0].Format == Format.Undefined)
+                return new SurfaceFormatKHR(Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm, ColorSpaceKHR.ColorspaceSrgbNonlinearKhr);
+            foreach (var format in surfaceFormats)
+                if (format.Format == Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm &&
+                    format.ColorSpace == ColorSpaceKHR.ColorspaceSrgbNonlinearKhr)
+                    return format;
+
+            return surfaceFormats[0];
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Backend/Vulkan/VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan.Surfaces;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan
+{
+    internal class VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanDevice _device;
+        private readonly VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget _renderTarget;
+        private VulkanCommandBufferPool.VulkanCommandBuffer _commandBuffer;
+
+        public VulkanSurfaceRenderingSession(VulkanDisplay display, VulkanDevice device,
+            VulkanSurfaceRenderTarget renderTarget, float scaling)
+        {
+            Display = display;
+            _device = device;
+            _renderTarget = renderTarget;
+            Scaling = scaling;
+            Begin();
+        }
+
+        public VulkanDisplay Display { get; }
+
+        public PixelSize Size => _renderTarget.Size;
+        public Vk Api => _device.Api;
+
+        public float Scaling { get; }
+
+        public bool IsYFlipped { get; } = true;
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _commandBuffer = Display.StartPresentation(_renderTarget);
+
+            Display.BlitImageToCurrentImage(_renderTarget, _commandBuffer.InternalHandle);
+
+            Display.EndPresentation(_commandBuffer);
+        }
+
+        private void Begin()
+        {
+            if (!Display.EnsureSwapchainAvailable())
+                _renderTarget.Invalidate();
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Controls/OpenGLRendererControl.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.OpenGL;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+using Avalonia.Rendering.SceneGraph;
+using Avalonia.Skia;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
+using SkiaSharp;
+using SPB.Graphics;
+using SPB.Graphics.OpenGL;
+using SPB.Platform;
+using SPB.Windowing;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
+{
+    internal class OpenGLRendererControl : RendererControl
+    {
+        public int Major { get; }
+        public int Minor { get; }
+        public OpenGLContextBase GameContext { get; set; }
+
+        public static OpenGLContextBase PrimaryContext => AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<IPlatformOpenGlInterface>().PrimaryContext.AsOpenGLContextBase();
+
+        private SwappableNativeWindowBase _gameBackgroundWindow;
+
+        private IntPtr _fence;
+
+        public OpenGLRendererControl(int major, int minor, GraphicsDebugLevel graphicsDebugLevel) : base(graphicsDebugLevel)
+        {
+            Major = major;
+            Minor = minor;
+        }
+
+        public override void DestroyBackgroundContext()
+        {
+            _image = null;
+
+            if (_fence != IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                DrawOperation.Dispose();
+                GL.DeleteSync(_fence);
+            }
+
+            GlDrawOperation.DeleteFramebuffer();
+
+            GameContext?.Dispose();
+
+            _gameBackgroundWindow?.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        internal override void Present(object image)
+        {
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
+            {
+                Image = (int)image;
+            }).Wait();
+
+            if (_fence != IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                GL.DeleteSync(_fence);
+            }
+
+            _fence = GL.FenceSync(SyncCondition.SyncGpuCommandsComplete, WaitSyncFlags.None);
+
+            QueueRender();
+
+            _gameBackgroundWindow.SwapBuffers();
+        }
+
+        internal override void MakeCurrent()
+        {
+            GameContext.MakeCurrent(_gameBackgroundWindow);
+        }
+
+        internal override void MakeCurrent(SwappableNativeWindowBase window)
+        {
+            GameContext.MakeCurrent(window);
+        }
+
+        protected override void CreateWindow()
+        {
+            var flags = OpenGLContextFlags.Compat;
+            if (DebugLevel != GraphicsDebugLevel.None)
+            {
+                flags |= OpenGLContextFlags.Debug;
+            }
+            _gameBackgroundWindow = PlatformHelper.CreateOpenGLWindow(FramebufferFormat.Default, 0, 0, 100, 100);
+            _gameBackgroundWindow.Hide();
+
+            GameContext = PlatformHelper.CreateOpenGLContext(FramebufferFormat.Default, Major, Minor, flags, shareContext: PrimaryContext);
+            GameContext.Initialize(_gameBackgroundWindow);
+        }
+
+        protected override ICustomDrawOperation CreateDrawOperation()
+        {
+            return new GlDrawOperation(this);
+        }
+
+        private class GlDrawOperation : ICustomDrawOperation
+        {
+            private static int _framebuffer;
+
+            public Rect Bounds { get; }
+
+            private readonly OpenGLRendererControl _control;
+
+            public GlDrawOperation(OpenGLRendererControl control)
+            {
+                _control = control;
+                Bounds = _control.Bounds;
+            }
+
+            public void Dispose() { }
+
+            public static void DeleteFramebuffer()
+            {
+                if (_framebuffer == 0)
+                {
+                    GL.DeleteFramebuffer(_framebuffer);
+                }
+
+                _framebuffer = 0;
+            }
+
+            public bool Equals(ICustomDrawOperation other)
+            {
+                return other is GlDrawOperation operation && Equals(this, operation) && operation.Bounds == Bounds;
+            }
+
+            public bool HitTest(Point p)
+            {
+                return Bounds.Contains(p);
+            }
+
+            private void CreateRenderTarget()
+            {
+                _framebuffer = GL.GenFramebuffer();
+            }
+
+            public void Render(IDrawingContextImpl context)
+            {
+                if (_control.Image == null)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (_framebuffer == 0)
+                {
+                    CreateRenderTarget();
+                }
+
+                int currentFramebuffer = GL.GetInteger(GetPName.FramebufferBinding);
+
+                var image = _control.Image;
+                var fence = _control._fence;
+
+                GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, _framebuffer);
+                GL.FramebufferTexture2D(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, FramebufferAttachment.ColorAttachment0, TextureTarget.Texture2D, (int)image, 0);
+                GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, currentFramebuffer);
+
+                if (context is not ISkiaDrawingContextImpl skiaDrawingContextImpl)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var imageInfo = new SKImageInfo((int)_control.RenderSize.Width, (int)_control.RenderSize.Height, SKColorType.Rgba8888);
+                var glInfo = new GRGlFramebufferInfo((uint)_framebuffer, SKColorType.Rgba8888.ToGlSizedFormat());
+
+                GL.WaitSync(fence, WaitSyncFlags.None, ulong.MaxValue);
+
+                using var backendTexture = new GRBackendRenderTarget(imageInfo.Width, imageInfo.Height, 1, 0, glInfo);
+                using var surface = SKSurface.Create(skiaDrawingContextImpl.GrContext, backendTexture, GRSurfaceOrigin.BottomLeft, SKColorType.Rgba8888);
+
+                if (surface == null)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var rect = new Rect(new Point(), _control.RenderSize);
+
+                using var snapshot = surface.Snapshot();
+                skiaDrawingContextImpl.SkCanvas.DrawImage(snapshot, rect.ToSKRect(), _control.Bounds.ToSKRect(), new SKPaint());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Controls/RendererControl.cs

@@ -2,65 +2,45 @@
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Data;
 using Avalonia.Media;
-using Avalonia.OpenGL;
-using Avalonia.Platform;
 using Avalonia.Rendering.SceneGraph;
-using Avalonia.Skia;
-using Avalonia.Threading;
-using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
-using SkiaSharp;
-using SPB.Graphics;
-using SPB.Graphics.OpenGL;
-using SPB.Platform;
 using SPB.Windowing;
 using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
 {
-    public class RendererControl : Control
+    public abstract class RendererControl : Control
     {
-        private int _image;
+        protected object _image;
 
         static RendererControl()
         {
             AffectsRender<RendererControl>(ImageProperty);
         }
 
-        public readonly static StyledProperty<int> ImageProperty =
+        public readonly static StyledProperty<object> ImageProperty =
-            AvaloniaProperty.Register<RendererControl, int>(nameof(Image), 0, inherits: true, defaultBindingMode: BindingMode.TwoWay);
+            AvaloniaProperty.Register<RendererControl, object>(nameof(Image), 0, inherits: true, defaultBindingMode: BindingMode.TwoWay);
 
-        protected int Image
+        protected object Image
         {
             get => _image;
             set => SetAndRaise(ImageProperty, ref _image, value);
         }
 
-        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> GlInitialized;
+        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> RendererInitialized;
         public event EventHandler<Size> SizeChanged;
 
         protected Size RenderSize { get; private set; }
         public bool IsStarted { get; private set; }
 
-        public int Major { get; }
-        public int Minor { get; }
         public GraphicsDebugLevel DebugLevel { get; }
-        public OpenGLContextBase GameContext { get; set; }
-
-        public static OpenGLContextBase PrimaryContext => AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<IPlatformOpenGlInterface>().PrimaryContext.AsOpenGLContextBase();
-
-        private SwappableNativeWindowBase _gameBackgroundWindow;
 
         private bool _isInitialized;
 
-        private IntPtr _fence;
+        protected ICustomDrawOperation DrawOperation { get; private set; }
 
-        private GlDrawOperation _glDrawOperation;
+        public RendererControl(GraphicsDebugLevel graphicsDebugLevel)
-
-        public RendererControl(int major, int minor, GraphicsDebugLevel graphicsDebugLevel)
         {
-            Major = major;
-            Minor = minor;
             DebugLevel = graphicsDebugLevel;
             IObservable<Rect> resizeObservable = this.GetObservable(BoundsProperty);
 
@@ -69,7 +49,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
             Focusable = true;
         }
 
-        private void Resized(Rect rect)
+        protected void Resized(Rect rect)
         {
             SizeChanged?.Invoke(this, rect.Size);
 
@@ -77,37 +57,40 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
             {
                 RenderSize = rect.Size * VisualRoot.RenderScaling;
 
-                _glDrawOperation?.Dispose();
+                DrawOperation?.Dispose();
-                _glDrawOperation = new GlDrawOperation(this);
+                DrawOperation = CreateDrawOperation();
             }
         }
 
+        protected abstract ICustomDrawOperation CreateDrawOperation();
+        protected abstract void CreateWindow();
+
         public override void Render(DrawingContext context)
         {
             if (!_isInitialized)
             {
                 CreateWindow();
 
-                OnGlInitialized();
+                OnRendererInitialized();
                 _isInitialized = true;
             }
 
-            if (GameContext == null || !IsStarted || Image == 0)
+            if (!IsStarted || Image == null)
             {
                 return;
             }
 
-            if (_glDrawOperation != null)
+            if (DrawOperation != null)
             {
-                context.Custom(_glDrawOperation);
+                context.Custom(DrawOperation);
             }
 
             base.Render(context);
         }
 
-        protected void OnGlInitialized()
+        protected void OnRendererInitialized()
         {
-            GlInitialized?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
+            RendererInitialized?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
         }
 
         public void QueueRender()
@@ -115,24 +98,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
             Program.RenderTimer.TickNow();
         }
 
-        internal void Present(object image)
+        internal abstract void Present(object image);
-        {
-            Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
-            {
-                Image = (int)image;
-            }).Wait();
-
-            if (_fence != IntPtr.Zero)
-            {
-                GL.DeleteSync(_fence);
-            }
-
-            _fence = GL.FenceSync(SyncCondition.SyncGpuCommandsComplete, WaitSyncFlags.None);
-
-            QueueRender();
-
-            _gameBackgroundWindow.SwapBuffers();
-        }
 
         internal void Start()
         {
@@ -145,132 +111,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
             IsStarted = false;
         }
 
-        public void DestroyBackgroundContext()
+        public abstract void DestroyBackgroundContext();
-        {
+        internal abstract void MakeCurrent();
-            _image = 0;
+        internal abstract void MakeCurrent(SwappableNativeWindowBase window);
-
-            if (_fence != IntPtr.Zero)
-            {
-                _glDrawOperation.Dispose();
-                GL.DeleteSync(_fence);
-            }
-
-            GlDrawOperation.DeleteFramebuffer();
-
-            GameContext?.Dispose();
-
-            _gameBackgroundWindow?.Dispose();
-        }
-
-        internal void MakeCurrent()
-        {
-            GameContext.MakeCurrent(_gameBackgroundWindow);
-        }
-
-        internal void MakeCurrent(SwappableNativeWindowBase window)
-        {
-            GameContext.MakeCurrent(window);
-        }
-
-        protected void CreateWindow()
-        {
-            var flags = OpenGLContextFlags.Compat;
-            if (DebugLevel != GraphicsDebugLevel.None)
-            {
-                flags |= OpenGLContextFlags.Debug;
-            }
-            _gameBackgroundWindow = PlatformHelper.CreateOpenGLWindow(FramebufferFormat.Default, 0, 0, 100, 100);
-            _gameBackgroundWindow.Hide();
-
-            GameContext = PlatformHelper.CreateOpenGLContext(FramebufferFormat.Default, Major, Minor, flags, shareContext: PrimaryContext);
-            GameContext.Initialize(_gameBackgroundWindow);
-        }
-
-        private class GlDrawOperation : ICustomDrawOperation
-        {
-            private static int _framebuffer;
-
-            public Rect Bounds { get; }
-
-            private readonly RendererControl _control;
-
-            public GlDrawOperation(RendererControl control)
-            {
-                _control = control;
-                Bounds = _control.Bounds;
-            }
-
-            public void Dispose() { }
-
-            public static void DeleteFramebuffer()
-            {
-                if (_framebuffer == 0)
-                {
-                    GL.DeleteFramebuffer(_framebuffer);
-                }
-
-                _framebuffer = 0;
-            }
-
-            public bool Equals(ICustomDrawOperation other)
-            {
-                return other is GlDrawOperation operation && Equals(this, operation) && operation.Bounds == Bounds;
-            }
-
-            public bool HitTest(Point p)
-            {
-                return Bounds.Contains(p);
-            }
-
-            private void CreateRenderTarget()
-            {
-                _framebuffer = GL.GenFramebuffer();
-            }
-
-            public void Render(IDrawingContextImpl context)
-            {
-                if (_control.Image == 0)
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                if (_framebuffer == 0)
-                {
-                    CreateRenderTarget();
-                }
-
-                int currentFramebuffer = GL.GetInteger(GetPName.FramebufferBinding);
-
-                var image = _control.Image;
-                var fence = _control._fence;
-
-                GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, _framebuffer);
-                GL.FramebufferTexture2D(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, FramebufferAttachment.ColorAttachment0, TextureTarget.Texture2D, image, 0);
-                GL.BindFramebuffer(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, currentFramebuffer);
-
-                if (context is not ISkiaDrawingContextImpl skiaDrawingContextImpl)
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                var imageInfo = new SKImageInfo((int)_control.RenderSize.Width, (int)_control.RenderSize.Height, SKColorType.Rgba8888);
-                var glInfo = new GRGlFramebufferInfo((uint)_framebuffer, SKColorType.Rgba8888.ToGlSizedFormat());
-
-                GL.WaitSync(fence, WaitSyncFlags.None, ulong.MaxValue);
-
-                using var backendTexture = new GRBackendRenderTarget(imageInfo.Width, imageInfo.Height, 1, 0, glInfo);
-                using var surface = SKSurface.Create(skiaDrawingContextImpl.GrContext, backendTexture, GRSurfaceOrigin.BottomLeft, SKColorType.Rgba8888);
-
-                if (surface == null)
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                var rect = new Rect(new Point(), _control.RenderSize);
-
-                using var snapshot = surface.Snapshot();
-                skiaDrawingContextImpl.SkCanvas.DrawImage(snapshot, rect.ToSKRect(), _control.Bounds.ToSKRect(), new SKPaint());
-            }
-        }
     }
-}
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Controls/VulkanRendererControl.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+using Avalonia.Rendering.SceneGraph;
+using Avalonia.Skia;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Backend.Vulkan;
+using Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Vulkan;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using SkiaSharp;
+using SPB.Windowing;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Controls
+{
+    internal class VulkanRendererControl : RendererControl
+    {
+        private VulkanPlatformInterface _platformInterface;
+
+        public VulkanRendererControl(GraphicsDebugLevel graphicsDebugLevel) : base(graphicsDebugLevel)
+        {
+            _platformInterface = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<VulkanPlatformInterface>();
+        }
+
+        public override void DestroyBackgroundContext()
+        {
+
+        }
+
+        protected override ICustomDrawOperation CreateDrawOperation()
+        {
+            return new VulkanDrawOperation(this);
+        }
+
+        protected override void CreateWindow()
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal override void MakeCurrent()
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal override void MakeCurrent(SwappableNativeWindowBase window)
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal override void Present(object image)
+        {
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
+            {
+                Image = image;
+            }).Wait();
+
+            QueueRender();
+        }
+
+        private class VulkanDrawOperation : ICustomDrawOperation
+        {
+            public Rect Bounds { get; }
+
+            private readonly VulkanRendererControl _control;
+
+            public VulkanDrawOperation(VulkanRendererControl control)
+            {
+                _control = control;
+                Bounds = _control.Bounds;
+            }
+
+            public void Dispose()
+            {
+
+            }
+
+            public bool Equals(ICustomDrawOperation other)
+            {
+                return other is VulkanDrawOperation operation && Equals(this, operation) && operation.Bounds == Bounds;
+            }
+
+            public bool HitTest(Point p)
+            {
+                return Bounds.Contains(p);
+            }
+
+            public void Render(IDrawingContextImpl context)
+            {
+                if (_control.Image == null || _control.RenderSize.Width == 0 || _control.RenderSize.Height == 0)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var image = (PresentImageInfo)_control.Image;
+
+                if (context is not ISkiaDrawingContextImpl skiaDrawingContextImpl)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                _control._platformInterface.Device.QueueWaitIdle();
+
+                var gpu = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<VulkanSkiaGpu>();
+
+                var imageInfo = new GRVkImageInfo()
+                {
+                    CurrentQueueFamily = _control._platformInterface.PhysicalDevice.QueueFamilyIndex,
+                    Format = (uint)Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm,
+                    Image = image.Image.Handle,
+                    ImageLayout = (uint)ImageLayout.ColorAttachmentOptimal,
+                    ImageTiling = (uint)ImageTiling.Optimal,
+                    ImageUsageFlags = (uint)(ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageColorAttachmentBit
+                                             | ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageTransferSrcBit
+                                             | ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageTransferDstBit),
+                    LevelCount = 1,
+                    SampleCount = 1,
+                    Protected = false,
+                    Alloc = new GRVkAlloc()
+                    {
+                        Memory = image.Memory.Handle,
+                        Flags = 0,
+                        Offset = image.MemoryOffset,
+                        Size = image.MemorySize
+                    }
+                };
+
+                using var backendTexture = new GRBackendRenderTarget(
+                    (int)_control.RenderSize.Width,
+                    (int)_control.RenderSize.Height,
+                    1,
+                    imageInfo);
+
+                using var surface = SKSurface.Create(
+                    gpu.GrContext,
+                    backendTexture,
+                    GRSurfaceOrigin.TopLeft,
+                    SKColorType.Rgba8888);
+
+                if (surface == null)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var rect = new Rect(new Point(), _control.RenderSize);
+
+                using var snapshot = surface.Snapshot();
+                skiaDrawingContextImpl.SkCanvas.DrawImage(snapshot, rect.ToSKRect(), _control.Bounds.ToSKRect(), new SKPaint());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Ava/Ui/Windows/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
         public AppHost AppHost { get; private set; }
         public InputManager InputManager { get; private set; }
 
-        public RendererControl GlRenderer { get; private set; }
+        public RendererControl RendererControl { get; private set; }
         public ContentControl ContentFrame { get; private set; }
         public TextBlock LoadStatus { get; private set; }
         public TextBlock FirmwareStatus { get; private set; }
@@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
 
             _mainViewContent = ContentFrame.Content as Control;
 
-            GlRenderer = new RendererControl(3, 3, ConfigurationState.Instance.Logger.GraphicsDebugLevel);
+            RendererControl = Program.UseVulkan ? new VulkanRendererControl(ConfigurationState.Instance.Logger.GraphicsDebugLevel) : new OpenGLRendererControl(3, 3, ConfigurationState.Instance.Logger.GraphicsDebugLevel);
-            AppHost = new AppHost(GlRenderer, InputManager, path, VirtualFileSystem, ContentManager, AccountManager, _userChannelPersistence, this);
+            AppHost = new AppHost(RendererControl, InputManager, path, VirtualFileSystem, ContentManager, AccountManager, _userChannelPersistence, this);
 
             if (!AppHost.LoadGuestApplication().Result)
             {
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
 
         private void InitializeGame()
         {
-            GlRenderer.GlInitialized += GlRenderer_Created;
+            RendererControl.RendererInitialized += GlRenderer_Created;
 
             AppHost.StatusUpdatedEvent += Update_StatusBar;
             AppHost.AppExit += AppHost_AppExit;
@@ -322,14 +322,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
 
             Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
             {
-                ContentFrame.Content = GlRenderer;
+                ContentFrame.Content = RendererControl;
 
                 if (startFullscreen && WindowState != WindowState.FullScreen)
                 {
                     ViewModel.ToggleFullscreen();
                 }
 
-                GlRenderer.Focus();
+                RendererControl.Focus();
             });
         }
 
@@ -380,8 +380,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.Ui.Windows
 
                 HandleRelaunch();
             });
-            GlRenderer.GlInitialized -= GlRenderer_Created;
+            RendererControl.RendererInitialized -= GlRenderer_Created;
-            GlRenderer = null;
+            RendererControl = null;
 
             ViewModel.SelectedIcon = null;
 

Ryujinx.Common/System/ForceDpiAware.cs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
             }
         }
 
-        public static double GetWindowScaleFactor()
+        public static double GetActualScaleFactor()
         {
             double userDpiScale = 96.0;
 
@@ -84,6 +84,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.System
                 Logger.Warning?.Print(LogClass.Application, $"Couldn't determine monitor DPI: {e.Message}");
             }
 
+            return userDpiScale;
+        }
+
+        public static double GetWindowScaleFactor()
+        {
+            double userDpiScale = GetActualScaleFactor();
+
             return Math.Min(userDpiScale / _standardDpiScale, _maxScaleFactor);
         }
     }

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedRenderer.cs

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             renderer.ScreenCaptured += (object sender, ScreenCaptureImageInfo info) => ScreenCaptured?.Invoke(this, info);
 
             Pipeline = new ThreadedPipeline(this, renderer.Pipeline);
-            Window = new ThreadedWindow(this, renderer.Window);
+            Window = new ThreadedWindow(this, renderer);
             Buffers = new BufferMap();
             Sync = new SyncMap();
             Programs = new ProgramQueue(renderer);

Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedWindow.cs

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
     public class ThreadedWindow : IWindow
     {
         private ThreadedRenderer _renderer;
-        private IWindow _impl;
+        private IRenderer _impl;
 
-        public ThreadedWindow(ThreadedRenderer renderer, IWindow window)
+        public ThreadedWindow(ThreadedRenderer renderer, IRenderer impl)
         {
             _renderer = renderer;
-            _impl = window;
+            _impl = impl;
         }
 
         public void Present(ITexture texture, ImageCrop crop, Action<object> swapBuffersCallback)
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
 
         public void SetSize(int width, int height)
         {
-            _impl.SetSize(width, height);
+            _impl.Window.SetSize(width, height);
         }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/ImageWindow.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using System;
+using VkFormat = Silk.NET.Vulkan.Format;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
+{
+    class ImageWindow : WindowBase, IWindow, IDisposable
+    {
+        private const int ImageCount = 5;
+        private const int SurfaceWidth = 1280;
+        private const int SurfaceHeight = 720;
+
+        private readonly VulkanGraphicsDevice _gd;
+        private readonly PhysicalDevice _physicalDevice;
+        private readonly Device _device;
+
+        private Auto<DisposableImage>[] _images;
+        private Auto<DisposableImageView>[] _imageViews;
+        private Auto<MemoryAllocation>[] _imageAllocationAuto;
+        private ulong[] _imageSizes;
+        private ulong[] _imageOffsets;
+
+        private Semaphore _imageAvailableSemaphore;
+        private Semaphore _renderFinishedSemaphore;
+
+        private int _width = SurfaceWidth;
+        private int _height = SurfaceHeight;
+        private VkFormat _format;
+        private bool _recreateImages;
+        private int _nextImage;
+
+        internal new bool ScreenCaptureRequested { get; set; }
+
+        public unsafe ImageWindow(VulkanGraphicsDevice gd, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, Device device)
+        {
+            _gd = gd;
+            _physicalDevice = physicalDevice;
+            _device = device;
+
+            _format = VkFormat.R8G8B8A8Unorm;
+
+            _images = new Auto<DisposableImage>[ImageCount];
+            _imageAllocationAuto = new Auto<MemoryAllocation>[ImageCount];
+            _imageSizes = new ulong[ImageCount];
+            _imageOffsets = new ulong[ImageCount];
+
+            CreateImages();
+
+            var semaphoreCreateInfo = new SemaphoreCreateInfo()
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.SemaphoreCreateInfo
+            };
+
+            gd.Api.CreateSemaphore(device, semaphoreCreateInfo, null, out _imageAvailableSemaphore).ThrowOnError();
+            gd.Api.CreateSemaphore(device, semaphoreCreateInfo, null, out _renderFinishedSemaphore).ThrowOnError();
+        }
+
+        private void RecreateImages()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < ImageCount; i++)
+            {
+                _imageViews[i]?.Dispose();
+                _imageAllocationAuto[i]?.Dispose();
+                _images[i]?.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            CreateImages();
+        }
+
+        private void CreateImages()
+        {
+            _imageViews = new Auto<DisposableImageView>[ImageCount];
+            unsafe
+            {
+                var cbs = _gd.CommandBufferPool.Rent();
+                for (int i = 0; i < _images.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    var imageCreateInfo = new ImageCreateInfo
+                    {
+                        SType = StructureType.ImageCreateInfo,
+                        ImageType = ImageType.ImageType2D,
+                        Format = _format,
+                        Extent =
+                            new Extent3D((uint?)_width,
+                                (uint?)_height, 1),
+                        MipLevels = 1,
+                        ArrayLayers = 1,
+                        Samples = SampleCountFlags.SampleCount1Bit,
+                        Tiling = ImageTiling.Optimal,
+                        Usage = ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageColorAttachmentBit | ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageTransferSrcBit | ImageUsageFlags.ImageUsageTransferDstBit,
+                        SharingMode = SharingMode.Exclusive,
+                        InitialLayout = ImageLayout.Undefined,
+                        Flags = ImageCreateFlags.ImageCreateMutableFormatBit
+                    };
+
+                    _gd.Api.CreateImage(_device, imageCreateInfo, null, out var image).ThrowOnError();
+                    _images[i] = new Auto<DisposableImage>(new DisposableImage(_gd.Api, _device, image));
+
+                    _gd.Api.GetImageMemoryRequirements(_device, image,
+                        out var memoryRequirements);
+
+                    var allocation = _gd.MemoryAllocator.AllocateDeviceMemory(_physicalDevice, memoryRequirements, MemoryPropertyFlags.MemoryPropertyDeviceLocalBit);
+
+                    _imageSizes[i] = allocation.Size;
+                    _imageOffsets[i] = allocation.Offset;
+
+                    _imageAllocationAuto[i] = new Auto<MemoryAllocation>(allocation);
+
+                    _gd.Api.BindImageMemory(_device, image, allocation.Memory, allocation.Offset);
+
+                    _imageViews[i] = CreateImageView(image, _format);
+
+                    Transition(
+                        cbs.CommandBuffer,
+                        image,
+                        0,
+                        0,
+                        ImageLayout.Undefined,
+                        ImageLayout.ColorAttachmentOptimal);
+                }
+
+                _gd.CommandBufferPool.Return(cbs);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private unsafe Auto<DisposableImageView> CreateImageView(Image image, VkFormat format)
+        {
+            var componentMapping = new ComponentMapping(
+                ComponentSwizzle.R,
+                ComponentSwizzle.G,
+                ComponentSwizzle.B,
+                ComponentSwizzle.A);
+
+            var aspectFlags = ImageAspectFlags.ImageAspectColorBit;
+
+            var subresourceRange = new ImageSubresourceRange(aspectFlags, 0, 1, 0, 1);
+
+            var imageCreateInfo = new ImageViewCreateInfo()
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.ImageViewCreateInfo,
+                Image = image,
+                ViewType = ImageViewType.ImageViewType2D,
+                Format = format,
+                Components = componentMapping,
+                SubresourceRange = subresourceRange
+            };
+
+            _gd.Api.CreateImageView(_device, imageCreateInfo, null, out var imageView).ThrowOnError();
+            return new Auto<DisposableImageView>(new DisposableImageView(_gd.Api, _device, imageView));
+        }
+
+        public override unsafe void Present(ITexture texture, ImageCrop crop, Action<object> swapBuffersCallback)
+        {
+            if (_recreateImages)
+            {
+                RecreateImages();
+                _recreateImages = false;
+            }
+
+            var image = _images[_nextImage];
+
+            _gd.FlushAllCommands();
+
+            var cbs = _gd.CommandBufferPool.Rent();
+
+            Transition(
+                cbs.CommandBuffer,
+                image.GetUnsafe().Value,
+                0,
+                AccessFlags.AccessTransferWriteBit,
+                ImageLayout.ColorAttachmentOptimal,
+                ImageLayout.General);
+
+            var view = (TextureView)texture;
+
+            int srcX0, srcX1, srcY0, srcY1;
+            float scale = view.ScaleFactor;
+
+            if (crop.Left == 0 && crop.Right == 0)
+            {
+                srcX0 = 0;
+                srcX1 = (int)(view.Width / scale);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                srcX0 = crop.Left;
+                srcX1 = crop.Right;
+            }
+
+            if (crop.Top == 0 && crop.Bottom == 0)
+            {
+                srcY0 = 0;
+                srcY1 = (int)(view.Height / scale);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                srcY0 = crop.Top;
+                srcY1 = crop.Bottom;
+            }
+
+            if (scale != 1f)
+            {
+                srcX0 = (int)(srcX0 * scale);
+                srcY0 = (int)(srcY0 * scale);
+                srcX1 = (int)Math.Ceiling(srcX1 * scale);
+                srcY1 = (int)Math.Ceiling(srcY1 * scale);
+            }
+
+            if (ScreenCaptureRequested)
+            {
+                CaptureFrame(view, srcX0, srcY0, srcX1 - srcX0, srcY1 - srcY0, view.Info.Format.IsBgr(), crop.FlipX, crop.FlipY);
+
+                ScreenCaptureRequested = false;
+            }
+
+            float ratioX = crop.IsStretched ? 1.0f : MathF.Min(1.0f, _height * crop.AspectRatioX / (_width * crop.AspectRatioY));
+            float ratioY = crop.IsStretched ? 1.0f : MathF.Min(1.0f, _width * crop.AspectRatioY / (_height * crop.AspectRatioX));
+
+            int dstWidth = (int)(_width * ratioX);
+            int dstHeight = (int)(_height * ratioY);
+
+            int dstPaddingX = (_width - dstWidth) / 2;
+            int dstPaddingY = (_height - dstHeight) / 2;
+
+            int dstX0 = crop.FlipX ? _width - dstPaddingX : dstPaddingX;
+            int dstX1 = crop.FlipX ? dstPaddingX : _width - dstPaddingX;
+
+            int dstY0 = crop.FlipY ? dstPaddingY : _height - dstPaddingY;
+            int dstY1 = crop.FlipY ? _height - dstPaddingY : dstPaddingY;
+
+            _gd.HelperShader.Blit(
+                _gd,
+                cbs,
+                view,
+                _imageViews[_nextImage],
+                _width,
+                _height,
+                _format,
+                new Extents2D(srcX0, srcY0, srcX1, srcY1),
+                new Extents2D(dstX0, dstY1, dstX1, dstY0),
+                true,
+                true);
+
+            Transition(
+                cbs.CommandBuffer,
+                image.GetUnsafe().Value,
+                0,
+                0,
+                ImageLayout.General,
+                ImageLayout.ColorAttachmentOptimal);
+
+            _gd.CommandBufferPool.Return(
+                cbs,
+                null,
+                new[] { PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageColorAttachmentOutputBit },
+                null);
+
+            var memory = _imageAllocationAuto[_nextImage].GetUnsafe().Memory;
+            var presentInfo = new PresentImageInfo(image.GetUnsafe().Value, memory, _imageSizes[_nextImage], _imageOffsets[_nextImage], _renderFinishedSemaphore, _imageAvailableSemaphore);
+
+            swapBuffersCallback(presentInfo);
+
+            _nextImage %= ImageCount;
+        }
+
+        private unsafe void Transition(
+            CommandBuffer commandBuffer,
+            Image image,
+            AccessFlags srcAccess,
+            AccessFlags dstAccess,
+            ImageLayout srcLayout,
+            ImageLayout dstLayout)
+        {
+            var subresourceRange = new ImageSubresourceRange(ImageAspectFlags.ImageAspectColorBit, 0, 1, 0, 1);
+
+            var barrier = new ImageMemoryBarrier()
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.ImageMemoryBarrier,
+                SrcAccessMask = srcAccess,
+                DstAccessMask = dstAccess,
+                OldLayout = srcLayout,
+                NewLayout = dstLayout,
+                SrcQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
+                DstQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
+                Image = image,
+                SubresourceRange = subresourceRange
+            };
+
+            _gd.Api.CmdPipelineBarrier(
+                commandBuffer,
+                PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageTopOfPipeBit,
+                PipelineStageFlags.PipelineStageAllCommandsBit,
+                0,
+                0,
+                null,
+                0,
+                null,
+                1,
+                barrier);
+        }
+
+        private void CaptureFrame(TextureView texture, int x, int y, int width, int height, bool isBgra, bool flipX, bool flipY)
+        {
+            byte[] bitmap = texture.GetData(x, y, width, height);
+
+            _gd.OnScreenCaptured(new ScreenCaptureImageInfo(width, height, isBgra, bitmap, flipX, flipY));
+        }
+
+        public override void SetSize(int width, int height)
+        {
+            if (_width != width || _height != height)
+            {
+                _recreateImages = true;
+            }
+
+            _width = width;
+            _height = height;
+        }
+
+        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (disposing)
+            {
+                unsafe
+                {
+                    _gd.Api.DestroySemaphore(_device, _renderFinishedSemaphore, null);
+                    _gd.Api.DestroySemaphore(_device, _imageAvailableSemaphore, null);
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < ImageCount; i++)
+                    {
+                        _imageViews[i]?.Dispose();
+                        _imageAllocationAuto[i]?.Dispose();
+                        _images[i]?.Dispose();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void Dispose()
+        {
+            Dispose(true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PresentImageInfo
+    {
+        public Image Image { get; }
+        public DeviceMemory Memory { get; }
+        public ulong MemorySize { get; set; }
+        public ulong MemoryOffset { get; set; }
+        public Semaphore ReadySemaphore { get; }
+        public Semaphore AvailableSemaphore { get; }
+
+        public PresentImageInfo(Image image, DeviceMemory memory, ulong memorySize, ulong memoryOffset, Semaphore readySemaphore, Semaphore availableSemaphore)
+        {
+            this.Image = image;
+            this.Memory = memory;
+            this.MemorySize = memorySize;
+            this.MemoryOffset = memoryOffset;
+            this.ReadySemaphore = readySemaphore;
+            this.AvailableSemaphore = availableSemaphore;
+        }
+    }
+}

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanGraphicsDevice.cs

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private SurfaceKHR _surface;
         private PhysicalDevice _physicalDevice;
         private Device _device;
-        private Window _window;
+        private uint _queueFamilyIndex;
+        private WindowBase _window;
 
         internal FormatCapabilities FormatCapabilities { get; private set; }
         internal HardwareCapabilities Capabilities;
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         internal bool SupportsSubgroupSizeControl { get; private set; }
 
         internal uint QueueFamilyIndex { get; private set; }
-
+        public bool IsOffScreen { get; }
         internal Queue Queue { get; private set; }
         internal Queue BackgroundQueue { get; private set; }
         internal object BackgroundQueueLock { get; private set; }
@@ -96,32 +97,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             Samplers = new HashSet<SamplerHolder>();
         }
 
-        private unsafe void SetupContext(GraphicsDebugLevel logLevel)
+        public VulkanGraphicsDevice(Instance instance, Device device, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, Queue queue, uint queueFamilyIndex, object lockObject)
         {
-            var api = Vk.GetApi();
+            _instance = instance;
+            _physicalDevice = physicalDevice;
+            _device = device;
+            _queueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndex;
 
-            Api = api;
+            Queue = queue;
+            QueueLock = lockObject;
 
-            _instance = VulkanInitialization.CreateInstance(api, logLevel, GetRequiredExtensions(), out ExtDebugReport debugReport, out _debugReportCallback);
+            IsOffScreen = true;
+            Shaders = new HashSet<ShaderCollection>();
+            Textures = new HashSet<ITexture>();
+            Samplers = new HashSet<SamplerHolder>();
+        }
 
-            DebugReportApi = debugReport;
+        private unsafe void LoadFeatures(string[] supportedExtensions, uint maxQueueCount, uint queueFamilyIndex)
-
+        {
-            if (api.TryGetInstanceExtension(_instance, out KhrSurface surfaceApi))
+            FormatCapabilities = new FormatCapabilities(Api, _physicalDevice);
-            {
-                SurfaceApi = surfaceApi;
-            }
-
-            _surface = GetSurface(_instance, api);
-            _physicalDevice = VulkanInitialization.FindSuitablePhysicalDevice(api, _instance, _surface);
-
-            FormatCapabilities = new FormatCapabilities(api, _physicalDevice);
-
-            var queueFamilyIndex = VulkanInitialization.FindSuitableQueueFamily(api, _physicalDevice, _surface, out uint maxQueueCount);
-            var supportedExtensions = VulkanInitialization.GetSupportedExtensions(api, _physicalDevice);
-            var supportedFeatures = api.GetPhysicalDeviceFeature(_physicalDevice);
-
-            _device = VulkanInitialization.CreateDevice(api, _physicalDevice, queueFamilyIndex, supportedExtensions, maxQueueCount);
 
+            var supportedFeatures = Api.GetPhysicalDeviceFeature(_physicalDevice);
             SupportsIndexTypeUint8 = supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_index_type_uint8");
             SupportsCustomBorderColor = supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_custom_border_color");
             SupportsIndirectParameters = supportedExtensions.Contains(KhrDrawIndirectCount.ExtensionName);
@@ -129,38 +125,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough = supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_NV_geometry_shader_passthrough");
             SupportsSubgroupSizeControl = supportedExtensions.Contains("VK_EXT_subgroup_size_control");
 
-            if (api.TryGetDeviceExtension(_instance, _device, out KhrSwapchain swapchainApi))
+            if (Api.TryGetDeviceExtension(_instance, _device, out ExtConditionalRendering conditionalRenderingApi))
-            {
-                SwapchainApi = swapchainApi;
-            }
-
-            if (api.TryGetDeviceExtension(_instance, _device, out ExtConditionalRendering conditionalRenderingApi))
             {
                 ConditionalRenderingApi = conditionalRenderingApi;
             }
 
-            if (api.TryGetDeviceExtension(_instance, _device, out ExtExtendedDynamicState extendedDynamicStateApi))
+            if (Api.TryGetDeviceExtension(_instance, _device, out ExtExtendedDynamicState extendedDynamicStateApi))
             {
                 ExtendedDynamicStateApi = extendedDynamicStateApi;
             }
 
-            if (api.TryGetDeviceExtension(_instance, _device, out ExtTransformFeedback transformFeedbackApi))
+            if (Api.TryGetDeviceExtension(_instance, _device, out ExtTransformFeedback transformFeedbackApi))
             {
                 TransformFeedbackApi = transformFeedbackApi;
             }
 
-            if (api.TryGetDeviceExtension(_instance, _device, out KhrDrawIndirectCount drawIndirectCountApi))
+            if (Api.TryGetDeviceExtension(_instance, _device, out KhrDrawIndirectCount drawIndirectCountApi))
             {
                 DrawIndirectCountApi = drawIndirectCountApi;
             }
 
-            api.GetDeviceQueue(_device, queueFamilyIndex, 0, out var queue);
-            Queue = queue;
-            QueueLock = new object();
-
             if (maxQueueCount >= 2)
             {
-                api.GetDeviceQueue(_device, queueFamilyIndex, 1, out var backgroundQueue);
+                Api.GetDeviceQueue(_device, queueFamilyIndex, 1, out var backgroundQueue);
                 BackgroundQueue = backgroundQueue;
                 BackgroundQueueLock = new object();
             }
@@ -226,9 +213,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             ref var properties = ref properties2.Properties;
 
-            MemoryAllocator = new MemoryAllocator(api, _device, properties.Limits.MaxMemoryAllocationCount);
+            MemoryAllocator = new MemoryAllocator(Api, _device, properties.Limits.MaxMemoryAllocationCount);
 
-            CommandBufferPool = VulkanInitialization.CreateCommandBufferPool(api, _device, queue, QueueLock, queueFamilyIndex);
+            CommandBufferPool = VulkanInitialization.CreateCommandBufferPool(Api, _device, Queue, QueueLock, queueFamilyIndex);
 
             DescriptorSetManager = new DescriptorSetManager(_device);
 
@@ -244,10 +231,73 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             HelperShader = new HelperShader(this, _device);
 
             _counters = new Counters(this, _device, _pipeline);
+        }
+
+        private unsafe void SetupContext(GraphicsDebugLevel logLevel)
+        {
+            var api = Vk.GetApi();
+
+            Api = api;
+
+            _instance = VulkanInitialization.CreateInstance(api, logLevel, GetRequiredExtensions(), out ExtDebugReport debugReport, out _debugReportCallback);
+
+            DebugReportApi = debugReport;
+
+            if (api.TryGetInstanceExtension(_instance, out KhrSurface surfaceApi))
+            {
+                SurfaceApi = surfaceApi;
+            }
+
+            _surface = GetSurface(_instance, api);
+            _physicalDevice = VulkanInitialization.FindSuitablePhysicalDevice(api, _instance, _surface);
+
+            var queueFamilyIndex = VulkanInitialization.FindSuitableQueueFamily(api, _physicalDevice, _surface, out uint maxQueueCount);
+            var supportedExtensions = VulkanInitialization.GetSupportedExtensions(api, _physicalDevice);
+
+            _device = VulkanInitialization.CreateDevice(api, _physicalDevice, queueFamilyIndex, supportedExtensions, maxQueueCount);
+
+            if (api.TryGetDeviceExtension(_instance, _device, out KhrSwapchain swapchainApi))
+            {
+                SwapchainApi = swapchainApi;
+            }
+
+            api.GetDeviceQueue(_device, queueFamilyIndex, 0, out var queue);
+            Queue = queue;
+            QueueLock = new object();
+
+            LoadFeatures(supportedExtensions, maxQueueCount, queueFamilyIndex);
 
             _window = new Window(this, _surface, _physicalDevice, _device);
         }
 
+        private unsafe void SetupOffScreenContext(GraphicsDebugLevel logLevel)
+        {
+            var api = Vk.GetApi();
+
+            Api = api;
+
+            VulkanInitialization.CreateDebugCallbacks(api, logLevel, _instance, out var debugReport, out _debugReportCallback);
+
+            DebugReportApi = debugReport;
+
+            var supportedExtensions = VulkanInitialization.GetSupportedExtensions(api, _physicalDevice);
+
+            uint propertiesCount;
+
+            api.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(_physicalDevice, &propertiesCount, null);
+
+            QueueFamilyProperties[] queueFamilyProperties = new QueueFamilyProperties[propertiesCount];
+
+            fixed (QueueFamilyProperties* pProperties = queueFamilyProperties)
+            {
+                api.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(_physicalDevice, &propertiesCount, pProperties);
+            }
+            
+            LoadFeatures(supportedExtensions, queueFamilyProperties[0].QueueCount, _queueFamilyIndex);
+
+            _window = new ImageWindow(this, _physicalDevice, _device);
+        }
+
         public IShader CompileShader(ShaderStage stage, ShaderBindings bindings, string code)
         {
             return new Shader(Api, _device, stage, bindings, code);
@@ -465,7 +515,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         public void Initialize(GraphicsDebugLevel logLevel)
         {
-            SetupContext(logLevel);
+            if (IsOffScreen)
+            {
+                SetupOffScreenContext(logLevel);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                SetupContext(logLevel);
+            }
 
             PrintGpuInformation();
         }
@@ -507,8 +564,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             DescriptorSetManager.Dispose();
             PipelineLayoutCache.Dispose();
 
-            SurfaceApi.DestroySurface(_instance, _surface, null);
-
             MemoryAllocator.Dispose();
 
             if (_debugReportCallback.Handle != 0)
@@ -531,10 +586,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 sampler.Dispose();
             }
 
-            Api.DestroyDevice(_device, null);
+            if (!IsOffScreen)
+            {
+                SurfaceApi.DestroySurface(_instance, _surface, null);
 
-            // Last step destroy the instance
+                Api.DestroyDevice(_device, null);
-            Api.DestroyInstance(_instance, null);
+
+                // Last step destroy the instance
+                Api.DestroyInstance(_instance, null);
+            }
         }
 
         public void BackgroundContextAction(Action action, bool alwaysBackground = false)

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanInitialization.cs

@@ -10,20 +10,13 @@ using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 {
-    unsafe static class VulkanInitialization
+    public unsafe static class VulkanInitialization
     {
         private const uint InvalidIndex = uint.MaxValue;
         private const string AppName = "Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan";
         private const int QueuesCount = 2;
 
-        private static readonly string[] _requiredExtensions = new string[]
+        public static string[] DesirableExtensions { get; } = new string[]
-        {
-            KhrSwapchain.ExtensionName,
-            "VK_EXT_shader_subgroup_vote",
-            ExtTransformFeedback.ExtensionName
-        };
-
-        private static readonly string[] _desirableExtensions = new string[]
         {
             ExtConditionalRendering.ExtensionName,
             ExtExtendedDynamicState.ExtensionName,
@@ -37,7 +30,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             "VK_NV_geometry_shader_passthrough"
         };
 
-        private static readonly string[] _excludedMessages = new string[]
+        public static string[] RequiredExtensions { get; } = new string[]
+        {
+            KhrSwapchain.ExtensionName,
+            "VK_EXT_shader_subgroup_vote",
+            ExtTransformFeedback.ExtensionName
+        };
+
+        private static string[] _excludedMessages = new string[]
         {
             // NOTE: Done on purpuse right now.
             "UNASSIGNED-CoreValidation-Shader-OutputNotConsumed",
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             "VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcSubpass-00867"
         };
 
-        public static Instance CreateInstance(Vk api, GraphicsDebugLevel logLevel, string[] requiredExtensions, out ExtDebugReport debugReport, out DebugReportCallbackEXT debugReportCallback)
+        internal static Instance CreateInstance(Vk api, GraphicsDebugLevel logLevel, string[] requiredExtensions, out ExtDebugReport debugReport, out DebugReportCallbackEXT debugReportCallback)
         {
             var enabledLayers = new List<string>();
 
@@ -135,38 +135,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 Marshal.FreeHGlobal(ppEnabledLayers[i]);
             }
 
-            if (!api.TryGetInstanceExtension(instance, out debugReport))
+            CreateDebugCallbacks(api, logLevel, instance, out debugReport, out debugReportCallback);
-            {
-                throw new Exception();
-                // TODO: Exception.
-            }
-
-            if (logLevel != GraphicsDebugLevel.None)
-            {
-                var flags = logLevel switch
-                {
-                    GraphicsDebugLevel.Error => DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportErrorBitExt,
-                    GraphicsDebugLevel.Slowdowns => DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportErrorBitExt | DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportPerformanceWarningBitExt,
-                    GraphicsDebugLevel.All => DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportInformationBitExt        |
-                                              DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportWarningBitExt            |
-                                              DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportPerformanceWarningBitExt |
-                                              DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportErrorBitExt              |
-                                              DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportDebugBitExt,
-                    _ => throw new NotSupportedException()
-                };
-                var debugReportCallbackCreateInfo = new DebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT()
-                {
-                    SType = StructureType.DebugReportCallbackCreateInfoExt,
-                    Flags = flags,
-                    PfnCallback = new PfnDebugReportCallbackEXT(DebugReport)
-                };
-
-                debugReport.CreateDebugReportCallback(instance, in debugReportCallbackCreateInfo, null, out debugReportCallback).ThrowOnError();
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                debugReportCallback = default;
-            }
 
             return instance;
         }
@@ -218,7 +187,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             return 0;
         }
 
-        public static PhysicalDevice FindSuitablePhysicalDevice(Vk api, Instance instance, SurfaceKHR surface)
+        internal static PhysicalDevice FindSuitablePhysicalDevice(Vk api, Instance instance, SurfaceKHR surface)
         {
             uint physicalDeviceCount;
 
@@ -264,17 +233,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 {
                     string extensionName = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)pExtensionProperties[i].ExtensionName);
 
-                    if (_requiredExtensions.Contains(extensionName))
+                    if (RequiredExtensions.Contains(extensionName))
                     {
                         extensionMatches++;
                     }
                 }
             }
 
-            return extensionMatches == _requiredExtensions.Length && FindSuitableQueueFamily(api, physicalDevice, surface, out _) != InvalidIndex;
+            return extensionMatches == RequiredExtensions.Length && FindSuitableQueueFamily(api, physicalDevice, surface, out _) != InvalidIndex;
         }
 
-        public static uint FindSuitableQueueFamily(Vk api, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, SurfaceKHR surface, out uint queueCount)
+        internal static uint FindSuitableQueueFamily(Vk api, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, SurfaceKHR surface, out uint queueCount)
         {
             const QueueFlags RequiredFlags = QueueFlags.QueueGraphicsBit | QueueFlags.QueueComputeBit;
 
@@ -443,7 +412,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 pExtendedFeatures = &featuresSubgroupSizeControl;
             }
 
-            var enabledExtensions = _requiredExtensions.Union(_desirableExtensions.Intersect(supportedExtensions)).ToArray();
+            var enabledExtensions = RequiredExtensions.Union(DesirableExtensions.Intersect(supportedExtensions)).ToArray();
 
             IntPtr* ppEnabledExtensions = stackalloc IntPtr[enabledExtensions.Length];
 
@@ -489,9 +458,47 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             return extensionProperties.Select(x => Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)x.ExtensionName)).ToArray();
         }
 
-        public static CommandBufferPool CreateCommandBufferPool(Vk api, Device device, Queue queue, object queueLock, uint queueFamilyIndex)
+        internal static CommandBufferPool CreateCommandBufferPool(Vk api, Device device, Queue queue, object queueLock, uint queueFamilyIndex)
         {
             return new CommandBufferPool(api, device, queue, queueLock, queueFamilyIndex);
         }
+
+        internal unsafe static void CreateDebugCallbacks(Vk api, GraphicsDebugLevel logLevel, Instance instance, out ExtDebugReport debugReport, out DebugReportCallbackEXT debugReportCallback)
+        {
+            debugReport = default;
+
+            if (logLevel != GraphicsDebugLevel.None)
+            {
+                if (!api.TryGetInstanceExtension(instance, out debugReport))
+                {
+                    throw new Exception();
+                    // TODO: Exception.
+                }
+
+                var flags = logLevel switch
+                {
+                    GraphicsDebugLevel.Error => DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportErrorBitExt,
+                    GraphicsDebugLevel.Slowdowns => DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportErrorBitExt | DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportPerformanceWarningBitExt,
+                    GraphicsDebugLevel.All => DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportInformationBitExt |
+                                              DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportWarningBitExt |
+                                              DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportPerformanceWarningBitExt |
+                                              DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportErrorBitExt |
+                                              DebugReportFlagsEXT.DebugReportDebugBitExt,
+                    _ => throw new NotSupportedException()
+                };
+                var debugReportCallbackCreateInfo = new DebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT()
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.DebugReportCallbackCreateInfoExt,
+                    Flags = flags,
+                    PfnCallback = new PfnDebugReportCallbackEXT(DebugReport)
+                };
+
+                debugReport.CreateDebugReportCallback(instance, in debugReportCallbackCreateInfo, null, out debugReportCallback).ThrowOnError();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                debugReportCallback = default;
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Window.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ using VkFormat = Silk.NET.Vulkan.Format;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 {
-    class Window : IWindow, IDisposable
+    class Window : WindowBase, IDisposable
     {
         private const int SurfaceWidth = 1280;
         private const int SurfaceHeight = 720;
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private int _height;
         private VkFormat _format;
 
-        internal bool ScreenCaptureRequested { get; set; }
-
         public unsafe Window(VulkanGraphicsDevice gd, SurfaceKHR surface, PhysicalDevice physicalDevice, Device device)
         {
             _gd = gd;
@@ -211,7 +209,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             }
         }
 
-        public unsafe void Present(ITexture texture, ImageCrop crop, Action<object> swapBuffersCallback)
+        public unsafe override void Present(ITexture texture, ImageCrop crop, Action<object> swapBuffersCallback)
         {
             uint nextImage = 0;
 
@@ -401,7 +399,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _gd.OnScreenCaptured(new ScreenCaptureImageInfo(width, height, isBgra, bitmap, flipX, flipY));
         }
 
-        public void SetSize(int width, int height)
+        public override void SetSize(int width, int height)
         {
             // Not needed as we can get the size from the surface.
         }
@@ -426,7 +424,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             }
         }
 
-        public void Dispose()
+        public override void Dispose()
         {
             Dispose(true);
         }

Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/WindowBase.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
+{
+    internal abstract class WindowBase: IWindow
+    {
+        public bool ScreenCaptureRequested { get; set; }
+
+        public abstract void Dispose();
+        public abstract void Present(ITexture texture, ImageCrop crop, Action<object> swapBuffersCallback);
+        public abstract void SetSize(int width, int height);
+    }
+}