Minor fixes, reduce amount of bindless updates, initialize table, new bindless indexed modes, etc

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Constants.cs

@@ -85,6 +85,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
         /// </summary>
         public const int DriverReservedUniformBuffer = 0;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Number of the uniform buffer reserved by the driver to store texture binding handles.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const int DriverReserveTextureBindingsBuffer = 2;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Maximum size that an storage buffer is assumed to have when the correct size is unknown.
         /// </summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/BitMap.cs

@@ -87,14 +87,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// Sets a bit to 0.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="bit">Index of the bit</param>
-        public void Clear(int bit)
+        /// <returns>True if the bit was set, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool Clear(int bit)
         {
             int wordIndex = bit / IntSize;
             int wordBit = bit & IntMask;
 
             ulong wordMask = 1UL << wordBit;
 
+            if ((_masks[wordIndex] & wordMask) == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
             _masks[wordIndex] &= ~wordMask;
+
+            return true;
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Pool.cs

@@ -214,6 +214,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="endAddress">End address of the region of the pool that has been modified, exclusive</param>
         protected void UpdateModifiedEntries(ulong address, ulong endAddress)
         {
+            // TODO: Remove this method (it's unused now).
+
             int startId = (int)((address - Address) / DescriptorSize);
             int endId = (int)((endAddress - Address + (DescriptorSize - 1)) / DescriptorSize) - 1;
 
@@ -228,6 +230,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _maximumAccessedId = Math.Max(_maximumAccessedId, endId);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates a entry that has been modified.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="id">Pool entry index</param>
+        protected void UpdateModifiedEntry(int id)
+        {
+            ModifiedEntries.Set(id);
+
+            _minimumAccessedId = Math.Min(_minimumAccessedId, id);
+            _maximumAccessedId = Math.Max(_maximumAccessedId, id);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Forces all entries as modified, to be updated if any shader uses bindless textures.
         /// </summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/SamplerPool.cs

@@ -146,6 +146,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the sampler with the specified ID, and return true or false depending on the sampler entry being modified or not since the last call.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="id">ID of the texture</param>
+        /// <param name="sampler">Sampler with the specified ID</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the sampler entry was modified since the last call, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool TryGetBindlessSampler(int id, out Sampler sampler)
+        {
+            if ((uint)id < Items.Length)
+            {
+                if (ModifiedEntries.Clear(id))
+                {
+                    sampler = Items[id] ?? GetValidated(id);
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            sampler = null;
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the sampler at the given <paramref name="id"/> from the cache,
         /// or creates a new one if not found.
@@ -174,8 +197,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         {
             ulong endAddress = address + size;
 
-            UpdateModifiedEntries(address, endAddress);
-
             for (; address < endAddress; address += DescriptorSize)
             {
                 int id = (int)((address - Address) / DescriptorSize);
@@ -192,10 +213,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         continue;
                     }
 
+                    UpdateModifiedEntry(id);
+
                     sampler.Dispose();
 
                     Items[id] = null;
                 }
+                else
+                {
+                    UpdateModifiedEntry(id);
+                }
             }
         }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureBindingsManager.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Numerics;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         private int _samplerPoolSequence;
 
         private BindlessTextureFlags[] _bindlessTextureFlags;
+        private uint[] _bindlessIndexedBuffersMask;
 
         private int _textureBufferIndex;
 
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _imageState = new TextureState[InitialImageStateSize];
 
             _bindlessTextureFlags = new BindlessTextureFlags[stages];
+            _bindlessIndexedBuffersMask = new uint[stages];
 
             for (int stage = 0; stage < stages; stage++)
             {
@@ -115,6 +117,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _imageBindings = bindings.ImageBindings;
 
             _bindlessTextureFlags = bindings.BindlessTextureFlags;
+            _bindlessIndexedBuffersMask = bindings.BindlessIndexedBuffersMask;
 
             SetMaxBindings(bindings.MaxTextureBinding, bindings.MaxImageBinding);
         }
@@ -366,14 +369,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 specStateMatches &= CommitTextureBindings(texturePool, samplerPool, ShaderStage.Compute, 0, poolModified, specState);
                 specStateMatches &= CommitImageBindings(texturePool, ShaderStage.Compute, 0, poolModified, specState);
 
-                if (_bindlessTextureFlags[0].HasFlag(BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessNvn))
+                if (_bindlessTextureFlags[0].HasFlag(BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessFull))
-                {
-                    CommitBindlessResources(texturePool, ShaderStage.Compute, 0);
-                }
-                else if (_bindlessTextureFlags[0].HasFlag(BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessFull))
                 {
                     texturePool.LoadAll(_context.Renderer, _samplerPool);
                 }
+                else if ((_bindlessTextureFlags[0] & BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessNvnAny) != 0)
+                {
+                    CommitBindlessResources(texturePool, ShaderStage.Compute, 0);
+                }
             }
             else
             {
@@ -384,14 +387,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     specStateMatches &= CommitTextureBindings(texturePool, samplerPool, stage, stageIndex, poolModified, specState);
                     specStateMatches &= CommitImageBindings(texturePool, stage, stageIndex, poolModified, specState);
 
-                    if (_bindlessTextureFlags[stageIndex].HasFlag(BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessNvn))
+                    if (_bindlessTextureFlags[stageIndex].HasFlag(BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessFull))
-                    {
-                        CommitBindlessResources(texturePool, stage, stageIndex);
-                    }
-                    else if (_bindlessTextureFlags[stageIndex].HasFlag(BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessFull))
                     {
                         texturePool.LoadAll(_context.Renderer, _samplerPool);
                     }
+                    else if ((_bindlessTextureFlags[stageIndex] & BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessNvnAny) != 0)
+                    {
+                        CommitBindlessResources(texturePool, stage, stageIndex);
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -783,11 +786,89 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 return;
             }
 
-            for (int index = 0; index < 32; index++)
+            BindlessTextureFlags flags = _bindlessTextureFlags[stageIndex];
-            {
+            uint buffersMask = _bindlessIndexedBuffersMask[stageIndex];
-                int wordOffset = 8 + index * 2;
 
-                int packedId = ReadConstantBuffer<int>(stageIndex, _textureBufferIndex, wordOffset);
+            while (buffersMask != 0)
+            {
+                int bufferIndex = BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(buffersMask);
+
+                buffersMask &= ~(1u << bufferIndex);
+
+                if (bufferIndex == Constants.DriverReserveTextureBindingsBuffer)
+                {
+                    if (flags.HasFlag(BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessNvnCombined))
+                    {
+                        CommitBindlessResourcesNvnCombined(pool, stageIndex);
+                    }
+
+                    if (flags.HasFlag(BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessNvnSeparateTexture))
+                    {
+                        CommitBindlessResourcesNvnSeparateTexture(pool, stageIndex);
+                    }
+
+                    if (flags.HasFlag(BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessNvnSeparateSampler))
+                    {
+                        CommitBindlessResourcesNvnSeparateSampler(pool, stageIndex);
+                    }
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                ulong size = _isCompute
+                    ? _channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferSize(bufferIndex)
+                    : _channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferSize(stageIndex, bufferIndex);
+
+                ReadOnlySpan<int> cbData = GetConstantBufferRange<int>(stageIndex, bufferIndex, 0, (int)(size / sizeof(int)));
+
+                for (int index = 0; index < cbData.Length; index += 2)
+                {
+                    int packedId = cbData[index];
+                    int highWord = cbData[index + 1];
+
+                    if (highWord != 1)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    int textureId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
+                    int samplerId;
+
+                    if (_samplerIndex == SamplerIndex.ViaHeaderIndex)
+                    {
+                        samplerId = textureId;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        samplerId = TextureHandle.UnpackSamplerId(packedId);
+                    }
+
+                    pool.UpdateBindlessCombined(_context.Renderer, samplerPool, textureId, samplerId);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ensures that the texture bindings are visible to the host GPU.
+        /// Note: this actually performs the binding using the host graphics API.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pool">The current texture pool</param>
+        /// <param name="stageIndex">The stage number of the specified shader stage</param>
+        private void CommitBindlessResourcesNvnCombined(TexturePool pool, int stageIndex)
+        {
+            var samplerPool = _samplerPool;
+
+            ReadOnlySpan<int> cbData = GetConstantBufferRange<int>(stageIndex, Constants.DriverReserveTextureBindingsBuffer, 8, 32);
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < cbData.Length; index += 2)
+            {
+                int packedId = cbData[index];
+                int highWord = cbData[index + 1];
+
+                if (highWord != 1)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
 
                 int textureId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
                 int samplerId;
@@ -801,38 +882,76 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     samplerId = TextureHandle.UnpackSamplerId(packedId);
                 }
 
-                Texture texture = pool.Get(textureId);
+                pool.UpdateBindlessCombined(_context.Renderer, samplerPool, textureId, samplerId);
+            }
+        }
 
-                if (texture == null)
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ensures that the texture bindings are visible to the host GPU.
+        /// Note: this actually performs the binding using the host graphics API.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pool">The current texture pool</param>
+        /// <param name="stageIndex">The stage number of the specified shader stage</param>
+        private void CommitBindlessResourcesNvnSeparateTexture(TexturePool pool, int stageIndex)
+        {
+            ReadOnlySpan<int> cbData = GetConstantBufferRange<int>(stageIndex, Constants.DriverReserveTextureBindingsBuffer, 90, 128);
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < cbData.Length; index += 2)
+            {
+                int packedId = cbData[index];
+                int highWord = cbData[index + 1];
+
+                if (highWord != 1)
                 {
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                if (texture.Target == Target.TextureBuffer)
+                int textureId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
+
+                pool.UpdateBindlessCombined(_context.Renderer, null, textureId, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ensures that the texture bindings are visible to the host GPU.
+        /// Note: this actually performs the binding using the host graphics API.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pool">The current texture pool</param>
+        /// <param name="stageIndex">The stage number of the specified shader stage</param>
+        private void CommitBindlessResourcesNvnSeparateSampler(TexturePool pool, int stageIndex)
+        {
+            var samplerPool = _samplerPool;
+            if (samplerPool == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            ReadOnlySpan<int> cbData = GetConstantBufferRange<int>(stageIndex, Constants.DriverReserveTextureBindingsBuffer, 346, 32);
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < cbData.Length; index += 2)
+            {
+                int packedId = cbData[index];
+                int highWord = cbData[index + 1];
+
+                if (highWord != 1)
                 {
-                    // Ensure that the buffer texture is using the correct buffer as storage.
+                    continue;
-                    // Buffers are frequently re-created to accomodate larger data, so we need to re-bind
+                }
-                    // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
+
-                    TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo = new(texture.Target, texture.Format, 0, 0, 0, TextureUsageFlags.None);
+                int samplerId;
-                    ulong address = texture.Range.GetSubRange(0).Address;
+
-                    ulong size = texture.Size;
+                if (_samplerIndex == SamplerIndex.ViaHeaderIndex)
-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(texture.HostTexture, address, size, bindingInfo, texture.Format, false, textureId);
+                {
+                    samplerId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    Sampler sampler = samplerPool?.Get(samplerId);
+                    samplerId = TextureHandle.UnpackSamplerId(packedId);
+                }
 
-                    if (sampler == null)
+                if (samplerPool.TryGetBindlessSampler(samplerId, out Sampler sampler))
-                    {
+                {
-                        continue;
+                    _context.Renderer.Pipeline.RegisterBindlessSampler(samplerId, sampler.GetHostSampler(null));
-                    }
-
-                    _context.Renderer.Pipeline.RegisterBindlessTextureAndSampler(
-                        textureId,
-                        texture.HostTexture,
-                        texture.ScaleFactor,
-                        samplerId,
-                        sampler.GetHostSampler(texture));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -842,15 +961,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="stageIndex">Index of the shader stage where the constant buffer belongs</param>
         /// <param name="bufferIndex">Index of the constant buffer to read from</param>
-        /// <param name="elementIndex">Index of the element on the constant buffer</param>
+        /// <param name="startIndex">Index of the first element on the constant buffer</param>
+        /// <param name="count">Number of elements to access</param>
         /// <returns>The value at the specified buffer and offset</returns>
-        private unsafe T ReadConstantBuffer<T>(int stageIndex, int bufferIndex, int elementIndex) where T : unmanaged
+        private unsafe ReadOnlySpan<T> GetConstantBufferRange<T>(int stageIndex, int bufferIndex, int startIndex, int count) where T : unmanaged
         {
             ulong baseAddress = _isCompute
                 ? _channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(bufferIndex)
                 : _channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(stageIndex, bufferIndex);
 
-            return _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.Read<T>(baseAddress + (ulong)elementIndex * (ulong)sizeof(T));
+            int typeSize = sizeof(T);
+
+            return MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, T>(_channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(baseAddress + (ulong)(startIndex * typeSize), count * typeSize));
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TexturePool.cs

@@ -236,27 +236,83 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             while ((id = ModifiedEntries.GetNextAndClear()) >= 0)
             {
-                Texture texture = Items[id] ?? GetValidated(id);
+                UpdateBindlessInternal(renderer, id);
+            }
+        }
 
-                if (texture != null)
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the bindless texture with the given pool ID, if the pool entry has been modified since the last call.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="renderer">Renderer of the current GPU context</param>
+        /// <param name="samplerPool">Optional sampler pool. If null, the sampler ID is ignored</param>
+        /// <param name="textureId">ID of the texture</param>
+        /// <param name="samplerId">ID of the sampler</param>
+        public void UpdateBindlessCombined(IRenderer renderer, SamplerPool samplerPool, int textureId, int samplerId)
+        {
+            if ((uint)textureId >= Items.Length)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Items[textureId]?.SynchronizeMemory();
+
+            bool textureModified = ModifiedEntries.Clear(textureId);
+
+            if (samplerPool != null)
+            {
+                bool samplerModified = samplerPool.TryGetBindlessSampler(samplerId, out Sampler sampler);
+
+                if (sampler == null)
                 {
-                    if (texture.Target == Target.TextureBuffer)
+                    if (textureModified)
                     {
-                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(
+                        UpdateBindlessInternal(renderer, textureId);
-                            texture.HostTexture,
+                    }
-                            texture.Range.GetSubRange(0).Address,
+                }
-                            texture.Size,
+                else if (textureModified || samplerModified)
-                            default,
+                {
-                            0,
+                    Texture texture = Items[textureId] ?? GetValidated(textureId);
-                            false,
+
-                            id);
+                    if (texture != null)
+                    {
+                        if (texture.Target != Target.TextureBuffer)
+                        {
+                            renderer.Pipeline.RegisterBindlessTextureAndSampler(
+                                textureId,
+                                texture.HostTexture,
+                                texture.ScaleFactor,
+                                samplerId,
+                                sampler.GetHostSampler(null));
+                        }
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        renderer.Pipeline.RegisterBindlessTexture(id, texture.HostTexture, texture.ScaleFactor);
+                        renderer.Pipeline.RegisterBindlessSampler(samplerId, sampler.GetHostSampler(null));
                     }
                 }
             }
+            else if (textureModified)
+            {
+                UpdateBindlessInternal(renderer, textureId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the bindless texture with the given pool ID.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="renderer">Renderer of the current GPU context</param>
+        /// <param name="id">ID of the texture</param>
+        private void UpdateBindlessInternal(IRenderer renderer, int id)
+        {
+            Texture texture = Items[id] ?? GetValidated(id);
+
+            if (texture != null)
+            {
+                if (texture.Target != Target.TextureBuffer)
+                {
+                    renderer.Pipeline.RegisterBindlessTexture(id, texture.HostTexture, texture.ScaleFactor);
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -431,8 +487,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             ulong endAddress = address + size;
 
-            UpdateModifiedEntries(address, endAddress);
-
             for (; address < endAddress; address += DescriptorSize)
             {
                 int id = (int)((address - Address) / DescriptorSize);
@@ -451,6 +505,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         continue;
                     }
 
+                    UpdateModifiedEntry(id);
+
                     if (texture.HasOneReference())
                     {
                         _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.AddShortCache(texture, ref cachedDescriptor);
@@ -461,6 +517,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         texture.DecrementReferenceCount(this, id);
                     }
                 }
+                else
+                {
+                    UpdateModifiedEntry(id);
+                }
             }
         }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferManager.cs

@@ -429,6 +429,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             return _gpUniformBuffers[stage].Buffers[index].Address;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the size of the compute uniform buffer currently bound at the given index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the uniform buffer binding</param>
+        /// <returns>The uniform buffer size, or an undefined value if the buffer is not currently bound</returns>
+        public ulong GetComputeUniformBufferSize(int index)
+        {
+            return _cpUniformBuffers.Buffers[index].Size;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the size of the graphics uniform buffer currently bound at the given index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stage">Index of the shader stage</param>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the uniform buffer binding</param>
+        /// <returns>The uniform buffer size, or an undefined value if the buffer is not currently bound</returns>
+        public ulong GetGraphicsUniformBufferSize(int stage, int index)
+        {
+            return _gpUniformBuffers[stage].Buffers[index].Size;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the bounds of the uniform buffer currently bound at the given index.
         /// </summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/CachedShaderBindings.cs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         public BufferDescriptor[][] StorageBufferBindings { get; }
 
         public BindlessTextureFlags[] BindlessTextureFlags { get; }
+        public uint[] BindlessIndexedBuffersMask { get; }
 
         public int MaxTextureBinding { get; }
         public int MaxImageBinding { get; }
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             StorageBufferBindings = new BufferDescriptor[stageCount][];
 
             BindlessTextureFlags = new BindlessTextureFlags[stageCount];
+            BindlessIndexedBuffersMask = new uint[stageCount];
 
             int maxTextureBinding = -1;
             int maxImageBinding = -1;
@@ -100,6 +102,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 StorageBufferBindings[i] = stage.Info.SBuffers.ToArray();
 
                 BindlessTextureFlags[i] = stage.Info.BindlessTextureFlags;
+                BindlessIndexedBuffersMask[i] = stage.Info.BindlessIndexedBuffersMask;
             }
 
             MaxTextureBinding = maxTextureBinding;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/DiskCacheHostStorage.cs

@@ -189,6 +189,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
             /// Flags indicating if and how bindless texture accesses were translated for the shader stage.
             /// </summary>
             public BindlessTextureFlags BindlessTextureFlags;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Bit mask indicating which constant buffers are accessed on the shader using indexing to load texture handles.
+            /// </summary>
+            public uint BindlessIndexedBuffersMask;
         }
 
         private readonly DiskCacheGuestStorage _guestStorage;
@@ -805,6 +810,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                 images,
                 dataInfo.Stage,
                 dataInfo.BindlessTextureFlags,
+                dataInfo.BindlessIndexedBuffersMask,
                 dataInfo.GeometryVerticesPerPrimitive,
                 dataInfo.GeometryMaxOutputVertices,
                 dataInfo.ThreadsPerInputPrimitive,
@@ -836,6 +842,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                 ImagesCount = (ushort)info.Images.Count,
                 Stage = info.Stage,
                 BindlessTextureFlags = info.BindlessTextureFlags,
+                BindlessIndexedBuffersMask = info.BindlessIndexedBuffersMask,
                 GeometryVerticesPerPrimitive = (byte)info.GeometryVerticesPerPrimitive,
                 GeometryMaxOutputVertices = (ushort)info.GeometryMaxOutputVertices,
                 ThreadsPerInputPrimitive = (ushort)info.ThreadsPerInputPrimitive,

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/BindlessTextureFlags.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
         None = 0,
 
         BindlessConverted = 1 << 0,
-        BindlessNvn = 1 << 1,
+        BindlessNvnCombined = 1 << 1,
-        BindlessFull = 1 << 2,
+        BindlessNvnSeparateTexture = 1 << 2,
+        BindlessNvnSeparateSampler = 1 << 3,
+        BindlessFull = 1 << 4,
+        BindlessNvnAny = BindlessNvnCombined | BindlessNvnSeparateTexture | BindlessNvnSeparateSampler,
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Glsl/Declarations.cs

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Glsl
         public static void Declare(CodeGenContext context, StructuredProgramInfo info)
         {
             context.AppendLine(context.TargetApi == TargetApi.Vulkan ? "#version 460 core" : "#version 450 core");
-            context.AppendLine("#extension GL_ARB_bindless_texture : enable");
             context.AppendLine("#extension GL_ARB_gpu_shader_int64 : enable");
 
             if (context.HostCapabilities.SupportsShaderBallot)
@@ -36,6 +35,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.CodeGen.Glsl
             {
                 context.AppendLine("#extension GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier : enable");
             }
+            else
+            {
+                context.AppendLine("#extension GL_ARB_bindless_texture : enable");
+            }
 
             if (context.Definitions.Stage == ShaderStage.Compute)
             {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/CodeGen/Glsl/HelperFunctions/GetBindlessHandleVk.glsl

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 uint Helper_GetBindlessTextureIndex(int nvHandle)
 {
     int id = nvHandle & 0xfffff;
-    return bindless_table[id >> 8].x | uint(id & 0xff);
+    return bindless_table.table[id >> 8].x | uint(id & 0xff);
 }
 
 uint Helper_GetBindlessSamplerIndex(int nvHandle)
 {
     int id = (nvHandle >> 20) & 0xfff;
-    return bindless_table[id >> 8].y | uint(id & 0xff);
+    return bindless_table.table[id >> 8].y | uint(id & 0xff);
 }
 
 float Helper_GetBindlessScale(int nvHandle)
 {
-    return bindless_scales[Helper_GetBindlessTextureIndex(nvHandle)];
+    return bindless_scales.scales[Helper_GetBindlessTextureIndex(nvHandle)];
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Constants.cs

@@ -11,6 +11,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
         public const int NvnBaseInstanceByteOffset = 0x644;
         public const int NvnDrawIndexByteOffset = 0x648;
 
+        public const int NvnTextureCbSlot = 2;
+        public const int NvnSeparateTextureBindingsStartByteOffset = 0x168;
+        public const int NvnSeparateTextureBindingsEndByteOffset = 0x568;
+        public const int NvnSeparateSamplerBindingsStartByteOffset = 0x568;
+        public const int NvnSeparateSamplerBindingsEndByteOffset = 0x668;
+
         public const int VkConstantBufferSetIndex = 0;
         public const int VkStorageBufferSetIndex = 1;
         public const int VkTextureSetIndex = 2;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/ShaderProgramInfo.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
 
         public ShaderStage Stage { get; }
         public BindlessTextureFlags BindlessTextureFlags { get; }
+        public uint BindlessIndexedBuffersMask { get; }
         public int GeometryVerticesPerPrimitive { get; }
         public int GeometryMaxOutputVertices { get; }
         public int ThreadsPerInputPrimitive { get; }
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
             TextureDescriptor[] images,
             ShaderStage stage,
             BindlessTextureFlags bindlessTextureFlags,
+            uint bindlessIndexedBuffersMask,
             int geometryVerticesPerPrimitive,
             int geometryMaxOutputVertices,
             int threadsPerInputPrimitive,
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
 
             Stage = stage;
             BindlessTextureFlags = bindlessTextureFlags;
+            BindlessIndexedBuffersMask = bindlessIndexedBuffersMask;
             GeometryVerticesPerPrimitive = geometryVerticesPerPrimitive;
             GeometryMaxOutputVertices = geometryMaxOutputVertices;
             ThreadsPerInputPrimitive = threadsPerInputPrimitive;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/TransformContext.cs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
         public readonly ShaderStage Stage;
         public readonly ref FeatureFlags UsedFeatures;
         public readonly ref BindlessTextureFlags BindlessTextureFlags;
+        public readonly ref uint BindlessIndexedBuffersMask;
         public readonly ref bool BindlessTexturesAllowed;
 
         public TransformContext(
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             ShaderStage stage,
             ref FeatureFlags usedFeatures,
             ref BindlessTextureFlags bindlessTextureFlags,
+            ref uint bindlessIndexedBuffersMask,
             ref bool bindlessTexturesAllowed)
         {
             Hfm = hfm;
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             Stage = stage;
             UsedFeatures = ref usedFeatures;
             BindlessTextureFlags = ref bindlessTextureFlags;
+            BindlessIndexedBuffersMask = ref bindlessIndexedBuffersMask;
             BindlessTexturesAllowed = ref bindlessTexturesAllowed;
         }
     }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Transforms/TexturePass.cs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                     context.ResourceManager,
                     context.TargetApi,
                     ref context.BindlessTextureFlags,
+                    ref context.BindlessIndexedBuffersMask,
                     context.BindlessTexturesAllowed,
                     context.GpuAccessor.QueryTextureBufferIndex());
 
@@ -784,6 +785,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             ResourceManager resourceManager,
             TargetApi targetApi,
             ref BindlessTextureFlags bindlessTextureFlags,
+            ref uint bindlessIndexedBuffersMask,
             bool bindlessTexturesAllowed,
             int textureBufferIndex)
         {
@@ -797,9 +799,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             {
                 resourceManager.EnsureBindlessBinding(targetApi, texOp.Type, texOp.Inst.IsImage());
 
-                if (IsIndexedAccess(resourceManager, texOp, textureBufferIndex))
+                if (IsIndexedAccess(resourceManager, texOp, ref bindlessTextureFlags, ref bindlessIndexedBuffersMask, textureBufferIndex))
                 {
-                    bindlessTextureFlags |= BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessNvn;
                     return node;
                 }
 
@@ -865,7 +866,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             return node;
         }
 
-        private static bool IsIndexedAccess(ResourceManager resourceManager, TextureOperation texOp, int textureBufferIndex)
+        private static bool IsIndexedAccess(
+            ResourceManager resourceManager,
+            TextureOperation texOp,
+            ref BindlessTextureFlags bindlessTextureFlags,
+            ref uint bindlessIndexedBuffersMask,
+            int textureBufferIndex)
         {
             // Try to detect a indexed access.
             // The access is considered indexed if the handle is loaded with a LDC instruction
@@ -875,6 +881,70 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
                 return false;
             }
 
+            if (handleAsgOp.Inst == Instruction.BitwiseOr)
+            {
+                if (IsCbLoadOrCb(resourceManager, handleAsgOp.GetSource(0), ref bindlessTextureFlags, out int ldc0CbSlot, textureBufferIndex) &&
+                    IsCbLoadOrCb(resourceManager, handleAsgOp.GetSource(1), ref bindlessTextureFlags, out int ldc1CbSlot, textureBufferIndex))
+                {
+                    bindlessIndexedBuffersMask |= (1u << ldc0CbSlot) | (1u << ldc1CbSlot);
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (IsCbLoad(resourceManager, handleAsgOp, out int cbSlot))
+            {
+                bindlessTextureFlags |= BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessNvnCombined;
+                bindlessIndexedBuffersMask |= 1u << cbSlot;
+
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsCbLoadOrCb(
+            ResourceManager resourceManager,
+            Operand operand,
+            ref BindlessTextureFlags bindlessTextureFlags,
+            out int cbSlot,
+            int textureBufferIndex)
+        {
+            cbSlot = 0;
+
+            if (operand.Type == OperandType.ConstantBuffer)
+            {
+                cbSlot = operand.GetCbufSlot();
+
+                if (cbSlot == textureBufferIndex && textureBufferIndex == Constants.NvnTextureCbSlot)
+                {
+                    int cbOffset = operand.GetCbufOffset();
+
+                    if (cbOffset >= Constants.NvnSeparateTextureBindingsStartByteOffset / 4 &&
+                        cbOffset < Constants.NvnSeparateTextureBindingsEndByteOffset / 4)
+                    {
+                        bindlessTextureFlags |= BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessNvnSeparateTexture;
+
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    else if (cbOffset >= Constants.NvnSeparateSamplerBindingsStartByteOffset / 4 &&
+                        cbOffset < Constants.NvnSeparateSamplerBindingsEndByteOffset / 4)
+                    {
+                        bindlessTextureFlags |= BindlessTextureFlags.BindlessNvnSeparateSampler;
+
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return operand.AsgOp is Operation operation && IsCbLoad(resourceManager, operation, out cbSlot);
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsCbLoad(ResourceManager resourceManager, Operation handleAsgOp, out int cbSlot)
+        {
+            cbSlot = 0;
+
             if (handleAsgOp.Inst != Instruction.Load || handleAsgOp.StorageKind != StorageKind.ConstantBuffer)
             {
                 return false;
@@ -883,8 +953,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
             Operand ldcSrc0 = handleAsgOp.GetSource(0);
 
             return ldcSrc0.Type == OperandType.Constant &&
-                   resourceManager.TryGetConstantBufferSlot(ldcSrc0.Value, out int cbSlot) &&
+                   resourceManager.TryGetConstantBufferSlot(ldcSrc0.Value, out cbSlot);
-                   cbSlot == textureBufferIndex;
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/TranslatorContext.cs

@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             HelperFunctionManager hfm = new(funcs, Definitions.Stage);
 
             BindlessTextureFlags bindlessTextureFlags = BindlessTextureFlags.None;
+            uint bindlessIndexedBuffersMask = 0;
             bool bindlessTexturesAllowed = true;
 
             for (int i = 0; i < functions.Length; i++)
@@ -302,6 +303,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                         Definitions.Stage,
                         ref usedFeatures,
                         ref bindlessTextureFlags,
+                        ref bindlessIndexedBuffersMask,
                         ref bindlessTexturesAllowed);
 
                     Optimizer.RunPass(context);
@@ -319,6 +321,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                 resourceManager,
                 usedFeatures,
                 bindlessTextureFlags,
+                bindlessIndexedBuffersMask,
                 clipDistancesWritten);
         }
 
@@ -330,6 +333,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             ResourceManager resourceManager,
             FeatureFlags usedFeatures,
             BindlessTextureFlags bindlessTextureFlags,
+            uint bindlessIndexedBuffersMask,
             byte clipDistancesWritten)
         {
             var sInfo = StructuredProgram.MakeStructuredProgram(
@@ -354,6 +358,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                 resourceManager.GetImageDescriptors(),
                 originalDefinitions.Stage,
                 bindlessTextureFlags,
+                bindlessIndexedBuffersMask,
                 geometryVerticesPerPrimitive,
                 originalDefinitions.MaxOutputVertices,
                 originalDefinitions.ThreadsPerInputPrimitive,
@@ -586,6 +591,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                 resourceManager,
                 FeatureFlags.None,
                 BindlessTextureFlags.None,
+                0,
                 0);
         }
 
@@ -683,6 +689,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                 resourceManager,
                 FeatureFlags.RtLayer,
                 BindlessTextureFlags.None,
+                0,
                 0);
         }
     }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/BindlessManager.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel.Design;
 using System.Numerics;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
@@ -270,25 +271,26 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                         bbiDsc.UpdateBufferImage(0, 0, i, bufferView, DescriptorType.StorageTexelBuffer);
                     }
                 }
+                else
+                {
+                    btDsc.UpdateImage(0, 2, i, default, DescriptorType.SampledImage);
+                }
             }
 
             for (int i = 0; i < _samplerRefs.Length; i++)
             {
                 var sampler = _samplerRefs[i];
-                if (sampler != null)
+                var sd = new DescriptorImageInfo()
                 {
-                    var sd = new DescriptorImageInfo()
+                    Sampler = sampler?.Get(cbs).Value ?? default
-                    {
+                };
-                        Sampler = sampler.Get(cbs).Value
-                    };
 
-                    if (sd.Sampler.Handle == 0)
+                if (sd.Sampler.Handle == 0)
-                    {
+                {
-                        sd.Sampler = dummySampler.GetSampler().Get(cbs).Value;
+                    sd.Sampler = dummySampler.GetSampler().Get(cbs).Value;
-                    }
-
-                    bsDsc.UpdateImage(0, 0, i, sd, DescriptorType.Sampler);
                 }
+
+                bsDsc.UpdateImage(0, 0, i, sd, DescriptorType.Sampler);
             }
 
             _pipelineLayout = plce.PipelineLayout;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineLayoutCacheEntry.cs

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 // All bindless resources have the update after bind flag set,
                 // this is required for Intel, otherwise it just crashes when binding the descriptor sets
                 // for bindless resources (maybe because it is above the limit?)
-                bool updateAfterBind = setIndex >= PipelineBase.BindlessBufferTextureSetIndex;
+                bool updateAfterBind = setIndex >= PipelineBase.BindlessTexturesSetIndex;
 
                 var dsc = _gd.DescriptorSetManager.AllocateDescriptorSet(
                     _gd.Api,