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102
Exercises/exercise-3/Filesystem.hs
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102
Exercises/exercise-3/Filesystem.hs
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{-
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Gegeben ist ein einfacher Datentyp für Verzeichnisstrukturen (Ordnerbäume).
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Eine Verzeichnisstruktur besteht in diesem Modell entweder aus einem
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einzelnen File (durch seinen Namen und Grösse gegeben), oder durch eine Liste
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von Unterverzeichnissen.
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-}
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type Name = String
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type FileSizeKB = Int
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data FileSystem
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= File Name FileSizeKB
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| Dir Name [FileSystem]
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deriving Show
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example :: FileSystem
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example = Dir "root"
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[ Dir "desktop"
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[ File "notes.txt" 87
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, File "brochure.pdf" 581
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]
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, Dir "pictures"
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[ Dir "holiday2019"
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[ File "paris1.png" 2075
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, File "paris2.png" 3017
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]
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, Dir "holiday2018"
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[ File "rome1.jpg" 2075
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, File "rome2.jpg" 4584
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, File "rome3.png" 2075
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, File "notes.txt" 112
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]
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]
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]
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{- Aufgabe:
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implementieren Sie eine "allgemeine fold Funktion" wie in der Vorlesung
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besprochen.
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-}
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filesystem :: (Name -> FileSizeKB -> b) -> (Name -> [b] -> b) -> FileSystem -> b
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filesystem file dir fs = case fs of
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Dir name items ->
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dir name (map (filesystem file dir) items)
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File name fileSize ->
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file name fileSize
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{-
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Ausgehend von der Funktion 'filesystem' wollen wir nun konkrete Funktionen
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implementieren, die uns im Umgang mit dem 'FileSystem' Typ nützlich
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erscheinen.
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-}
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{- Grösse eines Verzeichnisses
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Implementieren Sie die Funktion 'size', die die Grösse einer gegebenen
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Verzeichnisstruktur zurück gibt. Verwenden Sie die Funktion 'filesystem'.
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-}
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size :: FileSystem -> Int
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size = filesystem (\_ -> \fileSize -> fileSize) (\_ -> \sizes -> sum sizes)
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-- >>> size example
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-- 14606
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--
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{- Datei abfragen
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Implementieren Sie die Funktion 'existsFile', die bei einer gegebenen
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Verzeichnisstruktur zurück gibt, ob darin eine Datei mit dem mitgegebenen
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Namen zu finden ist. Verwenden Sie die Funktion 'filesystem'.
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-}
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existsFile :: Name -> FileSystem -> Bool
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existsFile name = filesystem
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(\fileName -> \_ -> name == fileName)
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(\_ -> \items -> or items)
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-- >>> existsFile "rome1.jpg" example
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-- True
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--
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{- Pfade
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Ein Pfad ist eine Liste von Namen.
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Beispiel: "/pictures/holiday2019/paris1.png" wäre
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["pictures", "holiday2019", "paris1.png"]
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-}
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type Path = [Name]
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{- Alle Pfade finden
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Implementieren Sie die Funktion 'findAll' mit folgendem Verhalten:
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Input: Dateiname, Verzeichnisstruktur
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Rückgabe: Alle Pfade in der gegebenen Struktur, die auf eine Datei mit dem
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gegebenen Namen zeigen.
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Verwenden Sie auch hier die Funktion 'filesystem'.
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-}
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findAll :: Name -> FileSystem -> [Path]
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findAll name = filesystem file dir
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where
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file :: Name -> Int -> [Path]
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file n _ = if n == name then [[n]] else []
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dir :: Name -> [[Path]] -> [Path]
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dir n subs = map (\path -> [n] ++ path) (concat subs)
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-- >>> findAll "notes.txt" example
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-- [["root","desktop","notes.txt"],["root","pictures","holiday2018","notes.txt"]]
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--
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182
Exercises/exercise-3/Regex.hs
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182
Exercises/exercise-3/Regex.hs
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@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
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{- Syntax
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Implementieren Sie den AST (abstract syntax tree) entsprechend den Vorgaben
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auf dem Übungsblatt.
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-}
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data Regex
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= Empty
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| Epsilon
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| Symbol Char
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| Sequence Regex Regex
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| Star Regex
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| Choice Regex Regex
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-- | Sequence, Star, Choice fehlen noch.
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deriving Show
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{- Semantik
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Ziel ist es die Funktion 'match :: Regex -> String -> Bool' zu implementieren,
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die überprüft ob ein gegebener String zu einer gegebenen Regex passt. Im
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folgenden werden dafür zuerst drei Hilfsfunktionen implementiert, die Sie dann
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für 'match' verwenden können.
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-}
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{- Helper function 1:
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Given a predicate and a string this function returns all (proper) tails
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of the string that are obtained by removing an initial segment that
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satisfies the predicate.
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Examples:
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tails (\s -> length s == 1) "abcde" == ["bcde"]
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tails (\s -> length s >= 1) "abcde" == ["bcde","cde","de","e",""]
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-}
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tails :: (String -> Bool) -> String -> [String]
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tails f s = concatMap
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(\x -> if f (take x s) then [(drop x s)] else [])
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[0..(length s)]
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-- >>> tails (\s -> length s >= 1) "abcde"
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-- ["bcde","cde","de","e",""]
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--
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{- Helper function 2:
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By repeatedly calling the tails function, this function checks if
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it is possible to partition a given string into consecutive segments
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each of which satisfies the predicate.
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Examples:
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segmentable (\s -> length s == 2) "abcde" == False
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segmentable (\s -> length s == 2) "abcd" == True
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-}
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segmentable :: (String -> Bool) -> String -> Bool
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segmentable f s
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| s == "" = True
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| "" `elem` leads = True
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| leads == [] = False
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| otherwise = or (map (\x -> segmentable f x) leads)
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where
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leads = tails f s
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-- >>> segmentable (\s -> length s == 2) "abcde"
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-- False
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--
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-- >>> segmentable (\s -> length s == 2) "abcd"
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-- True
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--
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{- Helper function 3:
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Given two predicates and a string, this function checks if it is
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possible to partition the string into a prefix and a suffix such that
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the prefix satisfies the first predicate and the suffix satisfies the
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second predicate.
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Examples:
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combinable (\s -> length s == 2) (\s -> length s == 3) "12345" == True
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combinable (\s -> length s == 2) (\s -> length s == 3) "1234" == False
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combinable (\s -> length s == 2) (\s -> length s == 3) "123456" == False
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-}
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combinable :: (String -> Bool) -> (String -> Bool) -> String -> Bool
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combinable f g s =
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or (
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map
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(\x -> f (take x s) && g (drop x s))
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(reverse [0..len])
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)
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where
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len = length s
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-- >>> combinable (\s -> length s == 2) (\s -> length s == 3) "12345"
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-- >>> combinable (\s -> length s == 2) (\s -> length s == 3) "1234"
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-- >>> combinable (\s -> length s == 2) (\s -> length s == 3) "123456"
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-- True
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-- False
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-- False
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--
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{-
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Matching a particular string to a regex a regex now simply means to check
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to cover the base cases and use the helper functions.
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-}
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match :: Regex -> String -> Bool
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match r s = case r of
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Empty -> s == ""
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Epsilon -> False
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Symbol c -> s == [c]
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Choice r1 r2 -> (match r1 s || match r2 s)
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Sequence r1 r2 -> combinable (match r1) (match r2) s
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Star r1 -> segmentable (match r1) s
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{-
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Examples/test-cases
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-}
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-- (ab*|ac*)*
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r1 :: Regex
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r1 = Star
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( Choice
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( Sequence
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( Symbol 'a')
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( Star (Symbol 'b'))
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)
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(Sequence
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(Symbol 'a')
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(Star (Symbol 'c'))
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)
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)
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-- (ab*|ac*)*x*
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r2 :: Regex
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r2 = Sequence r1 (Star (Symbol 'x'))
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-- ab
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r3 :: Regex
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r3 = Sequence (Symbol 'a') (Symbol 'b')
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-- a(a|b)*
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r4 :: Regex
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r4 = Sequence (Symbol 'a') $ Star $ Choice (Symbol 'a') (Symbol 'b')
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shouldBeTrue1 :: Bool
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shouldBeTrue1 = match r1 "abbbbaccca"
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-- >>> match r1 "abbbbaccca"
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-- True
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--
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shouldBeFalse1 :: Bool
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shouldBeFalse1 = match r1 "abbcc"
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-- >>> match r1 "abbcc"
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-- False
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--
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shouldBeTrue2 :: Bool
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shouldBeTrue2 = match r2 "abbbbacccabxxxx"
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-- >>> match r2 "abbbbacccabxxxx"
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-- True
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--
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shouldBeFalse2 :: Bool
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shouldBeFalse2 = match r2 "abbxxxacc"
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-- >>> match r2 "abbxxxacc"
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-- False
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--
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shouldBeTrue3 :: Bool
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shouldBeTrue3 = match r3 "ab"
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-- >>> match r3 "ab"
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-- True
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--
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shouldBeFalse3 :: Bool
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shouldBeFalse3 = match r3 "aba"
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-- >>> match r3 "aba"
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-- False
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--
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shouldBeTrue4 :: Bool
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shouldBeTrue4 = match r4 "abbbab"
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-- >>> match r4 "abbbab"
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-- True
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--
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shouldBeFalse4 :: Bool
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shouldBeFalse4 = match r4 "abbabc"
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-- >>> match r4 "abbabc"
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-- False
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--
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