Solve BSY week 4
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Notes/Semester 4/BSY - Betriebssysteme/Week 4/Solutions.md
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Notes/Semester 4/BSY - Betriebssysteme/Week 4/Solutions.md
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# Solutions
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## Table of Contents
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- [Solutions](#solutions)
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- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
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- [Summary Display of `top`](#summary-display-of-top)
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- [Processes `PID` `1` and `2`](#processes-pid-1-and-2)
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- [Own Shell Process](#own-shell-process)
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- [Showing off my Variables](#showing-off-my-variables)
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- [Monitoring](#monitoring)
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- [Job Control](#job-control)
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- [What changed?](#what-changed)
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- [Process Creation](#process-creation)
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## Summary Display of `top`
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Memory used, CPU used
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## Processes `PID` `1` and `2`
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| `PID` | Command | Owner |
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| ----- | ---------- | ----- |
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| 1 | `systemd` | root |
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| 2 | `kthreadd` | root |
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## Own Shell Process
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| `PID` | Command | Owner |
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| ----- | ------- | ------ |
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| 8096 | `bash` | ubuntu |
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## Showing off my Variables
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```bash
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printenv
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```
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```env
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SHELL=/bin/bash
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SESSION_MANAGER=local/ManuSurface:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/4052,unix/ManuSurface:/tmp/.ICE-unix/4052
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QT_ACCESSIBILITY=1
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COLORTERM=truecolor
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PYENV_SHELL=bash
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XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=/etc/xdg/xdg-pop:/etc/xdg
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SSH_AGENT_LAUNCHER=gnome-keyring
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XDG_MENU_PREFIX=gnome-
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GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID=this-is-deprecated
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GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
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POSH_PID=8096
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GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=pop
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DOTNET_ROOT=/usr/lib/dotnet
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SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/run/user/1000/keyring/ssh
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GRADLE_HOME=/home/manuel/.sdkman/candidates/gradle/current
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NVS_OS=linux
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NVS_USE_XZ=1
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SDKMAN_CANDIDATES_DIR=/home/manuel/.sdkman/candidates
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XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
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DESKTOP_SESSION=pop
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GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge
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PWD=/home/manuel
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PYENV_VIRTUALENV_INIT=1
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LOGNAME=manuel
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XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP=pop
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XDG_SESSION_TYPE=x11
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GPG_AGENT_INFO=/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent:0:1
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SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID=4075
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XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority
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WINDOWPATH=2
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HOME=/home/manuel
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USERNAME=manuel
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LANG=en_US.UTF-8
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LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.zst=01;31:*.tzst=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.wim=01;31:*.swm=01;31:*.dwm=01;31:*.esd=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.mjpg=01;35:*.mjpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.webp=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:
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XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=pop:GNOME
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VTE_VERSION=6800
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SDKMAN_VERSION=5.16.0
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CONDA_PROMPT_MODIFIER=false
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GNOME_TERMINAL_SCREEN=/org/gnome/Terminal/screen/41f216e0_74b7_4540_876a_34b9260733e4
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DOTNET_BUNDLE_EXTRACT_BASE_DIR=/home/manuel/.cache/dotnet_bundle_extract
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LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s
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XDG_SESSION_CLASS=user
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NVS_ROOT=/home/manuel/.nvs
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TERM=xterm-256color
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LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s
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LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI=qemu:///system
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USER=manuel
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GNOME_TERMINAL_SERVICE=:1.225
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NVS_HOME=/home/manuel/.nvs
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SDKMAN_DIR=/home/manuel/.sdkman
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DISPLAY=:1
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SHLVL=1
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QT_IM_MODULE=ibus
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SDKMAN_CANDIDATES_API=https://api.sdkman.io/2
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POSH_THEME=/home/manuel/.omp/manuel.omp.json
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XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
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GODOT4=godot
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PYENV_ROOT=/home/manuel/.pyenv
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XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share/pop:/usr/share/gnome:/home/manuel/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share:/var/lib/flatpak/exports/share:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
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PATH=/home/manuel/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv/shims:/home/manuel/.pyenv/shims:/home/manuel/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv/shims:/home/manuel/.sdkman/candidates/gradle/current/bin:/home/manuel/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv/shims:/home/manuel/.pyenv/bin:/home/manuel/.nvs/default/bin:/home/manuel/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/snap/bin:/home/manuel/.dotnet/tools
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GDMSESSION=pop
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DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/1000/bus
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SDKMAN_PLATFORM=linuxx64
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POWERLINE_COMMAND=oh-my-posh
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BASH_FUNC_nvs%%=() { if [ -z "${NVS_HOME}" ]; then
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export NVS_HOME="${NVS_ROOT}";
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fi;
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export NVS_POSTSCRIPT="${NVS_HOME}/nvs_tmp_$(dd if=/dev/urandom count=1 2> /dev/null | cksum | cut -f1 -d" ").sh";
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local NODE_EXE="node";
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if [ "${NVS_OS}" = "win" ]; then
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NODE_EXE="node.exe";
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fi;
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local NODE_PATH="${NVS_HOME}/cache/${NODE_EXE}";
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if [ ! -f "${NODE_PATH}" ]; then
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local NODE_VERSION="$(grep '"bootstrap" *:' "${NVS_ROOT}/defaults.json" | sed -e 's/.*: *"//' -e 's/"[^\n]*//' -e 's/.*\///')";
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local NODE_REMOTE="$(grep '"bootstrap" *:' "${NVS_ROOT}/defaults.json" | sed -e 's/.*: *"//' -e 's/"[^\n]*//' -e 's/\/.*//')";
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local NODE_BASE_URI="$(grep "\"${NODE_REMOTE}\" *:" "${NVS_ROOT}/defaults.json" | sed -e 's/.*: *"//' -e 's/"[^\n]*//')";
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local NODE_ARCHIVE_EXT=".tar.gz";
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local TAR_FLAGS="-zxvf";
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if [ "${NVS_OS}" = "win" ]; then
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NODE_ARCHIVE_EXT=".7z";
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else
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if [ "${NVS_USE_XZ}" = "1" ]; then
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NODE_ARCHIVE_EXT=".tar.xz";
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TAR_FLAGS="-Jxvf";
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fi;
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fi;
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local NODE_ARCH="$(uname -m | sed -e 's/x86_64/x64/;s/i86pc/x64/;s/i686/x86/;s/aarch64/arm64/')";
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if [ "${NVS_OS}" = "aix" ]; then
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NODE_ARCH="ppc64";
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fi;
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local NODE_FULLNAME="node-v${NODE_VERSION}-${NVS_OS}-${NODE_ARCH}";
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local NODE_URI="${NODE_BASE_URI}v${NODE_VERSION}/${NODE_FULLNAME}${NODE_ARCHIVE_EXT}";
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local NODE_ARCHIVE="${NVS_HOME}/cache/${NODE_FULLNAME}${NODE_ARCHIVE_EXT}";
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if [ ! -d "${NVS_HOME}/cache" ]; then
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command mkdir -p "${NVS_HOME}/cache";
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fi;
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echo "Downloading bootstrap node from ${NODE_URI}";
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if type noglob > /dev/null 2>&1; then
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noglob curl -L -# "${NODE_URI}" -o "${NODE_ARCHIVE}";
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else
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curl -L -# "${NODE_URI}" -o "${NODE_ARCHIVE}";
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fi;
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if [ ! -f "${NODE_ARCHIVE}" ] && [ "${NODE_ARCHIVE_EXT}" = ".tar.xz" ]; then
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NODE_ARCHIVE_EXT=".tar.gz";
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TAR_FLAGS="-zxvf";
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NODE_ARCHIVE="${NVS_HOME}/cache/${NODE_FULLNAME}${NODE_ARCHIVE_EXT}";
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echo "Retry download bootstrap node from ${NODE_URI} in gz format";
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if type noglob > /dev/null 2>&1; then
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noglob curl -L -# "${NODE_URI}" -o "${NODE_ARCHIVE}";
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else
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curl -L -# "${NODE_URI}" -o "${NODE_ARCHIVE}";
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fi;
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fi;
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if [ ! -f "${NODE_ARCHIVE}" ]; then
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echo "Failed to download node binary.";
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return 1;
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fi;
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if [ "${NVS_OS}" = "win" ]; then
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"${NVS_ROOT}/tools/7-Zip/7zr.exe" e "-o${NVS_HOME}/cache" -y "${NODE_ARCHIVE}" "${NODE_FULLNAME}/${NODE_EXE}" > /dev/null 2>&1;
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else
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if [ "${NVS_OS}" = "aix" ]; then
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gunzip "${NODE_ARCHIVE}" | tar -xvC "${NVS_HOME}/cache" "${NODE_FULLNAME}/bin/${NODE_EXE}" > /dev/null 2>&1;
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else
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tar $TAR_FLAGS "${NODE_ARCHIVE}" -C "${NVS_HOME}/cache" "${NODE_FULLNAME}/bin/${NODE_EXE}" > /dev/null 2>&1;
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fi;
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mv "${NVS_HOME}/cache/${NODE_FULLNAME}/bin/${NODE_EXE}" "${NVS_HOME}/cache/${NODE_EXE}" > /dev/null 2>&1;
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rm -r "${NVS_HOME}/cache/${NODE_FULLNAME}" > /dev/null 2>&1;
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fi;
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if [ ! -f "${NODE_PATH}" ]; then
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echo "Failed to setup node binary.";
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return 1;
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fi;
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echo "";
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fi;
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local EXIT_CODE=0;
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case "$@" in
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"cd")
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local DIR=$PWD;
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while [ "$DIR" != "" -a ! \( -e "$DIR/.node-version" -o -e "$DIR/.nvmrc" \) ]; do
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if [ "$DIR" = "/" ]; then
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DIR=;
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else
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DIR=$(dirname "$DIR");
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fi;
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done;
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if [ "$DIR" != "$NVS_AUTO_DIRECTORY" ]; then
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command "${NODE_PATH}" "${NVS_ROOT}/lib/index.js" auto;
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EXIT_CODE=$?;
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fi;
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export NVS_AUTO_DIRECTORY=$DIR
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;;
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*)
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command "${NODE_PATH}" "${NVS_ROOT}/lib/index.js" "$@";
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EXIT_CODE=$?
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;;
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esac;
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if [ ${EXIT_CODE} = 2 ]; then
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rm "${NODE_PATH}";
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nvs $@;
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fi;
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if [ -f "${NVS_POSTSCRIPT}" ]; then
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. "${NVS_POSTSCRIPT}";
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command rm "${NVS_POSTSCRIPT}";
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unset NVS_POSTSCRIPT;
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fi;
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return $EXIT_CODE
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}
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BASH_FUNC_nvsudo%%=() { local NVS_CURRENT=`nvs which`;
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if [ -n "${NVS_CURRENT}" ]; then
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NVS_CURRENT=`dirname "${NVS_CURRENT}"`;
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fi;
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sudo "NVS_CURRENT=${NVS_CURRENT}" "${NVS_ROOT}/nvs" $*
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}
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_=/usr/bin/printenv
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```
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```bash
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export Name="Manuel"
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```
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## Monitoring
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```bash
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tail --follow /var/log/syslog
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```
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- A message is logged stating that a new session has been started
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- It is nested in a few `sshd` processes and a `bash` process
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- The PID is `1375`, the state is "Sleeping"
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***Hierarchy:***
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```log
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├─sshd───sshd───sshd───bash───screen───screen─┬─bash───tail
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```
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- The SSH session is terminated because the terminal running in it has been closed
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## Job Control
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Each syslog message is printed 3 times because 3 observers are running at the same time.
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### What changed?
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- Job 2 is now the previous job (flagged with a `+`)
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- Job 2 is stopped
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- Job 2's command doesn't have an ampersand `&` at the end of it (probably because it is not running (in background))
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## Process Creation
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```bash
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size a.out
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```
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```
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text data bss dec hex filename
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1565 600 8 2173 87d a.out
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```
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```bash
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objdump -h a.out
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```
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```bash
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objdump -dj .text a.out
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```
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```c
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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int main()
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{
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fork();
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sleep(30);
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printf("My PID is: %d\n", getpid());
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return 0;
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}
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```
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The virtual memory is identical, but their reserved memory is different.
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```c
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <sys/wait.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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int main()
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||||||
|
{
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int pid = fork();
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|
if (pid == 0)
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||||||
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{
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sleep(1);
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||||||
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return 0;
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||||||
|
}
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||||||
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else
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||||||
|
{
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int status = 0;
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sleep(10);
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waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
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sleep(10);
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return 0;
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||||||
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}
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}
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|
```
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|
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Der Prozess verweilt im Zustand `Z` (Zombie) bis `waitpid()` ausgeführt wird.
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|
|
||||||
|
```c
|
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|
#include <stdio.h>
|
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|
#include <sys/types.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <sys/wait.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <unistd.h>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
int main()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
int pid = fork();
|
||||||
|
if (pid == 0)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
sleep(10);
|
||||||
|
return 0;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
else
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
return 0;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Der Child-Prozess wird dem Prozess 1 (init) untergeordnet. Er wechselt nicht in den Zustand `Z`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```c
|
||||||
|
#define _GNU_SOURCE
|
||||||
|
#include <sched.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <signal.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <stdio.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <stdlib.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <sys/mman.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <sys/types.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <sys/wait.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <unistd.h>
|
||||||
|
#define STACK_SIZE (1024 * 1024) /* Stack size for cloned child */
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
static int childFunc(void *arg)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
//do something
|
||||||
|
return 0;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
char *stack;
|
||||||
|
char *stackTop;
|
||||||
|
pid_t pid;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if (argc < 2)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <child-hostname>\n", argv[0]); // 1. Show help text if wrong amount of args
|
||||||
|
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
/* Create shared memory at address `stack` which is readable and writeable */
|
||||||
|
stack = mmap(NULL, STACK_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_STACK, -1, 0);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
stackTop = stack + STACK_SIZE; // Store address to top of stack
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
/* Run `childFunc` in a new process with a new UTS that exits with exit code `SIGCHLD` */
|
||||||
|
pid = clone(childFunc, stackTop, CLONE_NEWUTS | SIGCHLD, argv[1]);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if (waitpid(pid, NULL, 0) == -1)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); // Exit with non-zero exit code if child exits abnormally
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
printf("child has terminated\n");
|
||||||
|
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); // Exit with zero exit code otherwise
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue